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42. Revitalizace Hippokratovy přísahy?

Creator:
Hanák, Přemysl B and Kateřina Ivanová
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
zdravotnické právo, bioetika, medical law, bioethics, Hippokratova přísaha, hodnoty, etické principy, etické dilema, lékařská etika, Hippocratic Oath, values, ethical principles, ethical dilemma, medical ethics, 16, and 34
Language:
Czech
Description:
Aktuálnost Hippokratovy přísahy souvisí s možností jejího využití při řešení dilemat současné lékařské praxe. Z rešerší vyplývá, že téma Hippokratovy přísahy je i v dnešní době populární, i když rozličně charakterizované. Výstupy z rešerší byly doplněny výzkumem etických dilemat současné tuzemské lékařské praxe, jak je definují samotní lékaři. Z dotazníkového šetření vyplynulo celkem 36 dilemat, ta nejčetnější se dotýkala volby komu poskytnout drahou péči, léčby seniorů ve vysokém věku, eutanázie a nadbytečné administrativy. Každé dilema bylo podrobeno analýze, za účelem přiřazení základního etického principu, jehož se majoritně dotýká. Nejčastěji přiřazeným principem byl princip spravedlnosti, ve střední a stejné míře principy nonmaleficence a autonomie. Výzkum prokázal, že zvláště starší pacienti jsou rizikovou a ohroženou skupinou. Současné etické problémy v medicíně jsou složité, avšak deontologické zdůvodnění etických norem, se kterým pracuje i Hippokratova přísaha, může nabízet oporu před zásadním pochybením lékařů. Hippokratova přísaha a revitalizace jejích základních principů, by mohly být jedním z důležitých nástrojů k zažehnání nebezpečí absence etického jednání při řešení veškerých etických dilemat nejen v medicíně., Topicality of the Hippocratic oath is closely related to its usage to solve dilemmas in the contemporary medical practice. The vast amount of published literature clearly shows that the Hippocratic oath issue remains popular despite different forms of characterization. Information retrieval results were supplemented with questionnaire research on ethical dilemmas of current domestic medical practice as defined by the physicians themselves. The conducted research outcomes comprised a total of 36 dilemmas. The most frequent were dealing with the delivery of expensive care, treatment of old age seniors, euthanasia, and excessive paperwork. Each dilemma was then analyzed in details in order to assign respective basic ethical principles. The most frequently assigned principle was equity followed by nonmaleficence and autonomy. The research has confirmed that particularly older patients represent a risk and endangered group. Contemporary ethical problems in medicine are rather complex, but deontological substantiation of the ethical standards contained in the Hippocratic oath can offer an efficient support to eliminate causes of medical errors. The Hippocratic oath and revitalization of its cornerstones could become an important tool to prevent extinction of ethical behaviour when solving a wide range of ethical dilemmas, not only in medicine., and Přemysl B. Hanák, Kateřina Ivanová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

43. Right to environment, balancing of competing interests and proportionality

Creator:
Hana Müllerová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ochrana životního prostředí, veřejný zájem, environmental protection, public interest, right to environment, proportionality, balancing, conflicting interests, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
Addressing collisions between environmental protection and competing economic and social interests often constitutes the very core of environmental cases. At the constitutional level, a balancing approach based on the doctrine of proportionality is frequently employed to resolve contradictions between conflicting values. In this article, I demonstrate how the proportionality doctrine in its traditional meaning can be applied to balancing interests in environmental cases. Then I bring to the forefront two innovative ways of engaging proportionality in the environmental protection; one employing proportionality as an interpretative instrument with the power to help determining the scope and content of the right to environment; and the other adjusting proportionality to the form of eco-proportionality, offering a restructured framework to rule the human-nature relationship., Hana Müllerová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

45. Specific questions of consumer protection connected with information duty in Czech law

Creator:
Markéta Selucká, Iva Šťavíková Řezníčková, and Loutocký, Pavel
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
spotřebitelé, informace, dezinformace, informační služby, consumers, information, disinformation, information services, digital consumer, financial consumer, electronic contracting, cookies, commercial practices, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
The text is focused primarily on the concept of informed consumers in the Czech law. We do not aim to cover exhaustively the whole field. The main target of the article is to introduce specific questions which are connected to such a topic. In the beginning we primarily introduce general characteristics of the informed consumer, then we analyse pre-contractual information obligation and the demands focused on the transparency. As the position of the consumer is weaker than the position of the entrepreneur, misleading commercial practices and unfair contract terms are examined as well. The text is then focused on sector specific rules, such as in the area of financial services and on the aspects of the digital consumer. Throughout the text, some problematic aspects of Czech regulation or inappropriate implementation of European legislation are mentioned as well. The aim of the article is to introduce national specifics within abovementioned areas and to analyse relevant questions of consumer protection connected with information duty of the entrepreneurs., Markéta Selucká, Iva Šťavíková Řezníčková, Pavel Loutocký., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

46. The 100th anniversary of Austria and Czechoslovakia special article by president emeritus of the Austrian federal council der Präsident im demokratischen Verfassungsstaat

Creator:
Herbert Schambeck
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
pravomoci prezidenta, ústava, presidential power, constitution, Česko, Rakousko, Czechia, Austria, Austrian Constitution, Czech Constitution, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
This article was created to the occasion of Czech presidential election in 2018. In light of the 100th anniversary of Austria and Czechoslovakia the article offers a comparison of Austrian and Czech presidential powers. With regard to common history of both countries it reflects the development from monarchy to a republican system in Austria. The role of president as a representative of statehood is treated with regard to major state functions: legislation, judiciary and administration., Herbert Schambeck., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

47. The Chinese model, the Chinese dream and the mandate of heaven

Creator:
Miloš Balabán and Michal Tomášek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
reformy, právo, politický systém, reforms, law, political system, model, economic growth, power, communist party, mandate of heaven, vision, Chinese National Rejuvenation, Chinese Dream, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
The four decades of breath-taking political and economic changes in China raise a host of questions about the governance of this, in many ways unique, world power. The authors analyse the economic, political and historical context of the origins and operation of the present-day Chinese political model, the country’s legal system and the role of the Communist Party in the Chinese society, similar in many ways to the role previously played by China’s imperial dynasties. They also highlight the new trends in Chinese domestic politics and foreign policy of the late 2010s, which bear witness to a sustained effort of the Chinese political leadership to enhance China’s great-power status on the global stage., Miloš Balabán, Michal Tomášek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

48. The civil status of transsexual and transgender people in the Czech Republic

Creator:
Zdeňka Králíčková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
transsexuálové, transsexuals, forced surgery, forced divorce, Act on Specific Health Services, Civil Code, transgender, trans persons, civil status, forced sterilization, criticism by Ombudsman and LGBT organizations, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
This article is focused on describing conditions of the recognition of the civil status of transsexual and transgender people (trans persons) in the Czech Republic, or former Czechoslovakia. It is based on a questionnaire created for the purposes of the XX International Congress of Comparative Law, Japan, Fukuoka, 2018. The Czech Republic' national report aims to be a basic but thorough resource of legal information relating to the civil status of trans persons for future comparative analyses of the International Academy of Comparative Law., Zdeňka Králíčková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

49. The right to be forgotten in the Czech Republic

Creator:
Jan Hurdík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ochrana osobních údajů, personal data protection, GDPR, privacy protection, Google vs. Gonzáles, Czech Civil Code, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
The author of this article focused his attention on the new wave in the frame of privacy protection in the EU law: from co called "right to be forgotten" (case Google vs. Gonzáles) to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Author explained expecially the impact of the recent European development of the personal data protection on the Czech law including the newly prepared Czech Personal Data Protection Act, the changes of doctrinal thinking and the challenges to the juridical practice in the Czech Republic., Jan Hurdík., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

50. The role of collective bargaining in Czech labour law

Creator:
Pichtr, Jan and Martin Štefko
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
pracovní právo, labor laws and legislation, principle of favour, trade unions, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
Czech collective employment law remains to be quite far from the Western European tradition. Once rich and flourishing, the CZech collective employment law world had been profoundly changed during the Nazi and mainly Communist Era, where the role assigned to collective agreements was diminished to a soft plan implementing directives of the State. After our return to democracy, it is obvious that we had to adopt not only new democratic regulations but also to re-build informal structures Because of suppressed role of trade unions, poor level of social dialogue and a number of statutory regulations, Czech collective agreements are sursed to play only a secondary role even in the near future., Jan Pichrt, Martin Štefko., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public