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Start Over Subject 316.4/.7 Date Unknown

32. Mateřství, rodina a práce z pohledu matek malých dětí

Creator:
Hana Maříková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mateřství, rodina, trh práce, rodičovská dovolená, gender, motherhood, family, labor market, parental leave, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
A structural look at the employment of women with young children shows that this group is marginalized in the labour market when it is unable or only with difficulty is able to find employment in the labour market, as the current labour market revolves around the principle of independent, fully flexible individuals unencumbered by any obligations outside work. What significance in their lives do these women ascribe to being mothers and what significance do they assign to work? How does the perception of the relationship between work and family influence how they define for themselves the combination of these two spheres of life? How does this group of women see their opportunities for finding work in the labour market? Answers to these questions were sought from an analysis of 29 semi-structured interviews carried out in 2006 with women on parental leave or women just returning to work from leave, who had taken a requalification course. Their view is the view from “below”, which is a legitimate one, but given that it mainly relates to their own experiences or the experiences of others in their social surroundings there may be limitations to it. The potential limitations in this view are pointed out in the article’s conclusion., Hana Maříková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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33. Mlčení je forma komunikace: feministické debaty o politických aspektech psychologické praxe

Creator:
Kateřina Machovcová
Format:
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Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
feminismus, gender, psychologie, psychologické poradenství, feminism, psychology, psychological counseling, critical psychology, activism, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The heated debate between feminism(s) and psychology(ies) about being political goes beyond the understanding of feminism as a dangerous ideology that needs to be divorced from the respect for approaches intrinsic to psychological practices. Political activism is frequently understood as a core feminist value, but different ethics can come into play in psychology and psychotherapy. Professionals engaged in critical and feminist approaches seek to combine being political while cherishing the autonomous decision-making of each and every client. However, we also encounter positions where individual work is rejected and only collective activism is to be pursued, or on the other hand, positions where activism beyond individual help is deemed unrealistic. In the following text different perspectives on feminist politics and psychology will be presented. For instance, critical psychology can serve as one of the platforms where feminisms and the critique of psychological theories can come together in claiming that neutrality is impossible. The theoretical part of the article is illustrated with examples, some of which were drawn from the empirical material collected for the author’s dissertation project ‘Gendering Psychological Counselling’., Kateřina Machovcová., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:
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36. Odcházení: političky odcházející z politické scény a jejich zkušenosti

Creator:
Petra Guasti and Lenka Václavíková-Helšusová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
političky, ženy v politice, gender, politika, women politicians, women in politics, politics, quality of democracy, female political participation, female political carrier, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The participation and representation of women in decision-making bodies is an important factor in evaluating the level of political culture and the quality of democracy in a country. In the Czech Republic, and in post-communist countries in general, the representation of women in decision-making is imbalanced when compared with the representation of men. This fact is indicative of patterns of governance and the attitudes and values of citizens and suggests a generally passive citizenship in post-communist countries. In reaction to this development, there have been a number of analyses on women in politics in recent years. In general these studies concentrate on the barriers facing women entering politics and actively involved in political life. In recent years there has been a tendency in the media to give space to women who have left politics and have them look back and evaluate their career and the nature of politics. In this respect the academic sphere is lagging behind. The authors of this article aim to fill in this gap. They examine the following question: why do women leave politics after having struggled so hard to get in? They focus on the experiences of women who, in most of the cases, spent more than a decade in politics. They look at the women’s retrospective evaluations of their political careers, at life-work balance in politics, and the women’s experience of departing from politics. The article concludes that the key factor behind entry into politics, and behind maintaining a political career, is the relationships within political parties. Stereotypes and strategies continue to influence the strategic choices of actors, who assimilate into the existing political culture and choose not to generate considerable pressure for change in gender relations in political life., Petra Rakušanová, Lenka Václavíková-Helšusová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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37. Odraz nejistot, znevýhodnění a marginalizace na trhu práce v biografických výpovědích žen s nízkým vzděláním

Creator:
Lenka Formánková and Alena Křížková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ženy, trh práce, nekvalifikovaná práce, diskriminace v zaměstnání, gender, biografická metoda, women, women and religion, labor market, unskilled labor, discrimination in employment, biography (research method), unskilled women, gendered labour-market segregation, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper addresses the problem of growing uncertainties in the Czech labour market over the past 20 years with regard to the specific conditions of unskilled women struggling to integrate their paid work and unpaid work. The economic uncertainties and growing levels of global competition in production increase pressure for a transformation and flexibilisation of workforce. Actors occupying marginalised positions in the labour market tend to have lower levels of social capital and lower levels of work experience and education. At the same time, these people, including mothers caring for young children, find it difficult to cope with the increasing pressure for productivity and flexibility. The socioeconomic marginalisation of unskilled mothers is further strengthened by measures of the state’s social policy. The analysis at hand is based on three biographic interviews on the work trajectories of women whose highest level of education is vocational or lower. A biographic approach makes it possible to analyse the impact of structural and institutional conditions and social and cultural processes on the work and life trajectories of respondents. Their testimonies reveal the mechanisms of gender discrimination, social exclusion and subordination that unskilled mothers have to face in their personal lives and careers, and the strategies and resources they employ in order to cope with their situation., Lenka Formánková, Alena Křížková., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:
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38. Pomohou si strany samy? Úloha ženských sdružení uvnitř politických stran zastoupených v Poslanecké sněmovně parlamentu ČR

Creator:
Veronika Šprincová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, politika, ženy v politice, politické strany, ženské hnutí, politics, women in politics, political parties, women's movement, women party activists, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of this article is to fill in the gap in research focusing on the problem of the political participation of women in the Czech Republic. Based on text and interview analysis, it explains the role of women activists in Czech parliamentary parties in endorsing women for election to representative bodies. The article begins by describing the associations formed by women party activists and their position within the party structure, and then looks at the role of these associations in supporting women’s access to political structures. It also describes how women party activists take into account the barriers to women’s political participation and possible ways of removing these restraints. The final part introduces the hypothesis that although the creation of these associations seems to be a positive step towards improving women chances of gaining access to representative bodies, in their present form and circumstances they have no power to achieve any significant improvement in the status quo., Veronika Šprincová., tabulka, and Obsahuje bibliografii
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40. Postoje, hodnoty a demografické chování v České a Slovenské republice v období transformace (1991-2008)

Creator:
Rabušic, Ladislav and Chromková Manea, Beatrice Elena
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hodnoty, názory a postoje, values, rodina, family, manželství, views and attitudes, marriage, value of children, value of marriage, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper examines the variation in personal values and attitudes towards family and marriage in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Czech and Slovak societies have been characterized by an intensive transformation process since 1989. The political and economic transformation was followed by intensive demographic changes (some even talk about a second demographic transition) that was similar in both societies. Here it is assumed that values are independent variables that have an impact on behaviour, and it is argued that demographic changes have been brought about by changes in values and attitudes concerning the family, marriage and children. Therefore, this article examines if the trends in value observed between 1991 and 2008 were accompanied by similar demographic changes. Data from three waves of the European Value Study (EVS) are used together with official vital demographic statistics., Ladislav Rabušic, Beatrice Chromková Manea., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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