The article focuses on the problem of „štatl“ of Brno and its inhabitants, the so called „štatlaři“. The term „štatl“ can signify the city of Brno itself, or the city center, but also a certain type of subculture and, in connection with the term „štatlaři“, the specific group of the inhabitants of Brno. The core of the article consists in the analysis of images and meanings connected with štatl and štatlaři, their image and interpretation in memories and the exploitation of their image at present (commercial use in advertising). Besides štatl, the article also reflects the specific language, the so called “hantec” that is inseparably connected with štatl. The chronological frame of the article is from the 1960s to the present, but it mentions also the so called “Brno stove” (plotna) from the beginning of the twentieth century that is often mentioned in connection with štatl. The methodological basis of research consisted in especial in oral history and analysis of documents. The basic sources for the article were interviews, memoirs and published scientific articles. The results of the analysis should serve on the one hand as contemporary interpretation of life of certain group of people in urban setting during the period of socialism, on the other hand for better understanding of the processes that are connected to the contemporary creation of local identities, as well as commercial use of cultural artifacts.
In Brno there live about 500 Bulgarians, in most cases university-educated specialists, descendants of gardeners and students. Even though they do not acknowledge Bulgarian nationality, they speak Bulgarian and they maintain contacts among themeselves and with relatives in Bulgaria. Ethnic identity is being preserved in privacy. Czech majority considers them Czechs, only friends and colleagues know their ethnic origin. Seasonal migrations of gardeners reached peak in the 1930s, when the Bulgarian minority in Brno constituted the most numerous community in Bohemia. Through the contacts with Bulgarians, Czechs constructed the image of modest, hard-working, efficient Bulgarian workers and professionals. Bulgarians were respected and welcomed. They represented the most emancipated sector of Bulgarian population. They contributed to their home country as well as to Europe, they constituted part of European cultural history. Czech majority nowadays had already forgotten their activities and their results accepts as regular part of their life. Ignored is the educational contribution of Bulgarian graduates of technical institute and medical faculty in Brno. The incorporation of Bulgarian minority in Brno proceeded throughout generations, from acceptation of Czech particularities through gradual integration into uncompleted assimilation with certain manifestations of ethnic and cultural identity. The authors applied the method of guided interview during their field researches, they utilized archival sources and long-term personal acquaintance with Brno and Bulgaria.
Během výzkumu na parcele v Josefské ul. 7 (1988–1992, 2001) byla odkryta jáma z 12./13. stol. se souborem zlomků tyglíků, které byly vyrobeny většinou z okrajů grafitových zásobnic. Jen jeden zlomek pochází ze speciálně vyrobeného tyglíku rovněž s příměsí grafitu. Pomocí analytických metod (RFA, SEM-EDX, EMPA) byla prokázána přítomnost mědi a zinku na povrchu tyglíků, lze uvažovat o produkci či recyklaci mosazi. Svědectví o kovové produkci v několika místech v Brně 12. stol. můžeme spojit s rozvojem zdejší předlokační aglomerace. Novou kvalitu přinesla výroba velkých grafitových tyglíků v souvislosti se založením města ve 2. čtvrtině 13. století. and Evidence of non-ferrous metallurgy from the end of the 12th century, discovered in Josefská St in Brno. A pit from the 12th/13th century excavated in the area of the pre-urban agglomeration of Brno produced a collection of small crucibles, mostly made from the rims of graphite clay storage vessels. Only one potsherd comes from a specialised smelting pot, also with an admixture of graphite. As a variety of analyses (XRF, SEM-EDX, EMPA) proved the presence of copper and zinc on the surface of the crucibles, we can therefore assume this probably relates to the production of brass objects. The find is further evidence of metal production in Brno of the 12th century. The production of large graphite crucibles expanded with the founding of the town in the second quarter of the 13th century, and the occurrence of these vessels indicates a new quality in metallurgical production.
This contribution looks into the printing house of the Neumann family, which operated in Mikulov and Brno between 1768 and the beginning of the 19th century. It draws on the study of archival sources and compares them with the existing literature on this printing workshop. It focuses on the circumstances under which the printing house was founded, as well as its owners and employees. The printing production is described in terms of languages, genres, and themes. Furthermore, it explores the circle of clients and publishers for whom the printing house worked. The analysis shows that the Neumann printing house was a small-scale, local shop which operated mainly on a commercial basis for a diverse clientele.
Stať představuje nález svatojakubské mušle ze hřbitova při kostele sv. Jakuba v Brně. Hrob, ve kterém byla jako jediný předmět výbavy zemřelého nalezena, pochází z vrcholného středověku. Na rozdíl od jiných částí Evropy, v České republice se jedná o doposud jediný nález poutního odznaku ve funerálním kontextu. and The work presents the find of a pilgrim badge discovered in the cemetery at the Church of St. James in Brno. The grave, which featured a scallop as the only grave good, dates to the High Middle Ages. As opposed to other parts of Europe, this is the only find of a pilgrim badge in a funerary context in the Czech Republic.
Autor polemizuje s nedávnými závěry analýz tyglíků nalezených v Brně a datovaných na konec 12. století. Tyglíky popsané v diskutované práci pravděpodobně sloužily k neželezné metalurgii, avšak práci s mosazí, jež byla autory údajně prokázána, nelze doložit na základě pouze kvalitativních analýz vzorků ze stěn tyglíků. Ve zbytcích strusek ze dvou různých tyglíků byly shledány oxidické fáze v jednom případě mědi a olova, ve druhém zinku. Nalezen byl rovněž fragment bronzového předmětu. and Several comments on the article “Belege für Buntmetallurgie aus dem Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts aus Brünn (Brno), Josefská Strasse”. The author discusses a recent article about archaeological finds from Brno, dated to the end of the 12th century. The crucible fragments described in the original work were most probably used for non-ferrous metallurgy. However, the apparent “brass casting” cannot be proven by qualitative assays of samples from the crucible walls. The remains of slag from two various crucibles yielded signs of oxygen phases, one of copper and led, the other zinc. Also a fragment of a bronze item was found at the site.
Incunables from the Konrad Stahel’s and Matthias Preinlein’s printing press located in Brno, have survived, with a couple exceptions, in a few, or single unique copies. Each new item that can enlarge our source base is therefore of a great importance for further research. This applies to the incunabulum, Psalterium Olomucense, from 1499, preserved in four specimens known to date. As research has so far been limited to mainly bibliographical recording, little do we know about their origin and readership. The focal point of this study is another extant copy of this edition, stored in the Municipal Museum in Velká Bíteš. Although it has been located there since the end of the 19th century, it has escaped the attention of researchers. This copy contains a number of commemorative records from the first half of the 16th century, which give an account of the religious life in the town of Velká Bíteš. The study offers transcriptions and interpretation of these records, paying attention to other secondary marks – drawings and readers’ notes. The study is not only a research report; it also compares the newly discovered copy with hitherto known specimens, providing bibliographical descriptions, investigating their provenance, and analysing readers’ marks. In addition to the Psalterium, the article mentions other liturgical books from Velká Bíteš (a printed missal and a manuscript gradual), which also contain commemorative records dating back to the middle of the 17th century. Among other findings besides adding a new bibliographical record of a domestic incunable, the study reveals various ways of using psalters published by Stahel’s and Preinlein’s press in Brno. Some people used psalters for purely religious purposes, while others sought to capture events of various types (family, religious, political, military, and economic ones). A thorough analysis of these publications can therefore bring interesting information for not only librarians, but also regional historians. The description of the newly discovered specimen of books printed before the 16th century can also inspire future research in various archives, libraries, museum collections, and depositories, which may lead to identification of other unique copies.
The article analyzes set of normative sources which regulated the exercise of the profession of painters and sculptors in Brno in the 18th century (guilds’ statutes, government’s decrees, civic regulations, judicial sources etc.). The study interprets the decline of the artists’ guild organization in Brno in the 1750s in a wider perspective of economic and administrative reforms in the Habsburg monarchy. These reforms were marked by several particular initiatives made by the artist’s corporation in Brno, who came up with own unsuccessful proposals of various changes of the traditional city’s guild system. The study states that such initiatives should not be explained simply as symptoms of a changing urban society in Central Europe during the Enlightenment era, or as a consequence of the dynamics of proto-industrialization and the establishment of new economic as well educational institutions, but also as a result of the new product market and the demand shifted towards less expensive and more fashionable goods.
Článek se věnuje nálezům skleněných kroužků ze středověké Moravy. Zatímco dříve převažovaly nálezy z hrobů, díky záchranným výzkumům dnes významně dominují nálezy z aglomerací některých velkých správních hradů (Olomouc, Brno, Znojmo, Přerov, Hodonín, Strachotín). Protože se skleněné kroužky objevují hlavně v Polsku a na Kyjevské Rusi, byly na Moravě považovány za import. V nedávné době však byla objevena dvě naleziště, kde se kroužky pravděpodobně vyráběly. Článek se snaží shrnout současné poznatky o mladohradištní sklářské výrobě a užívaném sortimentu na Moravě. and This article focuses on the finds of glass rings from medieval Moravia. While finds from graves dominated earlier, finds from agglomerations of some large administrative strongholds prevail significantly today thanks to rescue excavations. As glass rings occur primarily in Poland and in the Kievan Rus area, they were regarded as being imports in Moravia. However, a further two find sites have recently been discovered, where the production of glass rings is thought to have taken place. The article looks at the current state of knowledge of glass production and the assortment utilised in Moravia in the 11th to 12th centuries.
Příspěvek je stručnou bilancí stavu bádání o poloze raně středověkých mocenských center na území Brna a v jeho nejbližším okolí. Zvýšená pozornost je věnována mladohradištnímu období, kdy je Brno podle písemných pramenů jedním z nejdůležitějších hradů moravských údělníků. Archeologický výzkum se však stále vyrovnává s problémem jeho lokalizace, popř. s možnými přesuny rezidenčních areálů. Autorka se snaží na základě dosavadních poznatků předběžně analyzovat, zda je u známých raně středověkých lokalit (Staré Brno, Dornych, historické jádro města) doložena přítomnost vyšší společenské vrstvy, popř. o jaké funkci u nich lze uvažovat. and This contribution is a brief overview of the state of research into the location of the early medieval power centres on the territory of Brno and in its immediate environs. Greater attention is paid to the Late ‘Hillfort’ period, when according to written sources Brno was one of the most important strongholds of the appanaged prince of Moravia, although archaeology is still coming to terms with the question of its actual location, or the possible shifting of the residence. This article attempts on the basis of knowledge available to date to preliminarily assess whether there is evidence from any of the known Early Medieval localities (Old Brno, Dornych, the historic city core) for the presence of upper social classes, or of the functions that they might have fulfilled.