Description : This is an online edition of An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, or a dictionary of "Old English". The dictionary records the state of the English language as it was used between ca. 700-1100 AD by the Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of the British Isles.
This project is based on a digital edition of An Anglo-Saxon dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth (the so called Main Volume, first edition 1898) and its Supplement (first edition 1921), edited by Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller, today the largest complete dictionary of Old English (one day to be hopefully supplanted by the DOE). Alistair Campbell's "enlarged addenda and corrigenda" from 1972 are not public domain and are therefore not part of the online dictionary. Please see the front & back matter of the paper dictionary for further information, prefaces and lists of references & contractions.
The digitization project was initiated by Sean Crist in 2001 as a part of his Germanic Lexicon Project and many individuals and institutions have contributed to this project. Check out the original GLP webpage and the old Bosworth-Toller offline application webpage (to be updated). Currently the project is hosted by the Faculty of Arts, Charles University.
In 2010, the data from the GLP were converted to create the current site. Care was taken to preserve the typography of the original dictionary, but also provide a modern, user friendly interface for contemporary users.
In 2013, the entries were structurally re-tagged and the original typography was abandoned, though the immediate access to the scans of the paper dictionary was preserved.
Our aim is to reach beyond a simple digital edition and create an online environment dedicated to all interested in Old English and Anglo-Saxon culture. Feel free to join in the editing of the Dictionary, commenting on its numerous entries or participating in the discussions at our forums.
We hope that by drawing the attention of the community of Anglo-Saxonists to our site and joining our resources, we may create a more useful tool for everybody. The most immediate project to draw on the corrected and tagged data of the Dictionary is a Morphological Analyzer of Old English (currently under development).
We are grateful for the generous support of the Charles University Grant Agency and for the free hosting at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University. The site is currently maintained and developed by Ondrej Tichy et al. at the Department of English Language and ELT Methodology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic).
English model for NameTag, a named entity recognition tool. The model is trained on CoNLL-2003 training data. Recognizes PER, ORG, LOC and MISC named entities. Achieves F-measure 84.73 on CoNLL-2003 test data.
English models for MorphoDiTa, providing morphological analysis, morphological generation and part-of-speech tagging.
The morphological dictionary is created from Morphium and SCOWL (Spell Checker Oriented Word Lists), the PoS tagger is trained on WSJ (Wall Street Journal). and This work has been using language resources developed and/or stored and/or distributed by the LINDAT/CLARIN project of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (project LM2010013).
The morphological POS analyzer development was supported by grant of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic No. LC536 "Center for Computational Linguistics". The morphological POS analyzer research was performed by Johanka Spoustová (Spoustová 2008; the Treex::Tool::EnglishMorpho::Analysis Perl module). The lemmatizer was implemented by Martin Popel (Popel 2009; the Treex::Tool::EnglishMorpho::Lemmatizer Perl module). The lemmatizer is based on morpha, which was released under LGPL licence as a part of RASP system (http://ilexir.co.uk/applications/rasp).
The tagger algorithm and feature set research was supported by the projects MSM0021620838 and LC536 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, GA405/09/0278 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic and 1ET101120503 of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The research was performed by Drahomíra "johanka" Spoustová, Jan Hajič, Jan Raab and Miroslav Spousta.
This article deals with intercultural contact in branches of multinational companies or corporations founded in the Czech Republic by German, Austrian or Swiss owners. Multinationalbusinesses (large ones in particular) are trying to regulate the communication within the company. This is achieved predominantly by introducing an official corporate language in the company, employing people fluent in the language, and promoting language courses. Our research, based on the analysis of questionnaires and semi-structured interview data, has shown that the foreign employees seldom adapt to the language of the local employees, while the adaptation of the local employees to the language of the foreign ones is not only usual but also expected. The regulation of the communication therefore results in the promotion of primarily asymmetrical language adaptation, which benefits the German, Austrian and Swiss owners and the German-speaking foreign employees delegated by them (the so-called expatriates). However, the companies examined also promote the use of English to a considerable extent, which provides a basis for symmetrical communication between local and expatriate employees. and Der Artikel handelt über den interkulturellen Kontakt in multinationalen Unternehmen, die nach 1989 in der Tschechischen Republik durch deutsche, österreichische und schweizerische Unternehmen gegründet wurden. Multinationale Unternehmen (insbesondere die großen) versuchen die Kommunikation innerhalb des Unternehmens zu regulieren. Dies geschieht vor allem durch Einführung einer Firmensprache im Unternehmen, Anstellung von Mitarbeitern, die der Sprache mächtig sind, und Förderung von Sprachkursen.
In 9 % der Unternehmen ist das Tschechische die einzige Firmensprache, in 55 % übernimmt diese Aufgabe das Deutsche, in 16 % das Englische, in 15 % Deutsch und Englisch, in 5 % Deutsch und Tschechisch. Was die Sprachkurse betrifft, werden in 64 % der Unternehmen Deutschkurse, in 19 % Tschechischkurse und in 48 % Englischkurse gefördert.
Unsere auf Fragebögen und teilstrukturierten Interviews basierende Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass sich die ausländischen, nach Tschechien entsandten Mitarbeiter nur selten an die Sprache der lokalen Mitarbeiter adaptieren, während die Adaptation der in Tschechien einheimischen Mitarbeiter an die Sprache der ausländischen Mitarbeiter nicht nur üblich ist, sondern auch erwartet wird. Die Regulierung der Kommunikation mündet also primär in eine asymmetrische sprachliche Adaptation zum Vorteil deutscher, österreichischer und schweizerischer Besitzer und deutschsprachiger ausländischer Mitarbeiter (sog. Expatriates), die durch die Besitzer nach Tschechien delegiert werden. Die untersuchten Unternehmen unterstützen jedoch in beachtlichem Ausmaß auch die Verwendung des Englischen, das eine Basis für symmetrische Kommunikation zwischen den in Tschechien einheimischen und nach Tschechien entsandten Mitarbeitern bildet.
Diese Adaptation betrifft jedoch konkret vor allem die Managementebene, während die Produktion weitgehend tschechisch geprägt bleibt. Weit verbreitet ist auch die Nicht-Adaptation, die zum Einsatz von Dolmetschern und Übersetzern führt. Dies ist – neben der asymmetrischen Adaptation und dem Rückgriff auf das Englische – in 80 % der Unternehmen bzw. in 95 % der großen Unternehmen der Fall.
Eine Detailbeschreibung der Kommunikation in einem der auf dem Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik tätigen Unternehmen des Siemens-Konzerns macht deutlich, wie die Funktionsstellen in einem Produktionsunternehmen besetzt und mit welcher sprachlichen Qualifikation diese verbunden werden, sie zeigt aber auch, wie sich die Firmensprache ändert, wie die interkulturelle Kommunikation unter Einsatz von sprachlich qualifizierten Mitarbeitern konkret abläuft und wie diese – etwa in Sprachkursen – auf ihre Aufgaben vorbereitet werden.
This package contains data sets for development and testing of machine translation of medical search short queries between Czech, English, French, and German. The queries come from general public and medical experts. and This work was supported by the EU FP7 project Khresmoi (European Comission contract No. 257528). The language resources are distributed by the LINDAT/Clarin project of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project no. LM2010013).
We thank Health on the Net Foundation for granting the license for the English general public queries, TRIP database for granting the license for the English medical expert queries, and three anonymous translators and three medical experts for translating amd revising the data.
This package contains data sets for development and testing of machine translation of medical queries between Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Polish, Spanish ans Swedish. The queries come from general public and medical experts. This is version 2.0 extending the previous version by adding Hungarian, Polish, Spanish, and Swedish translations.
This package contains data sets for development and testing of machine translation of sentences from summaries of medical articles between Czech, English, French, and German. and This work was supported by the EU FP7 project Khresmoi (European Comission contract No. 257528). The language resources are distributed by the LINDAT/Clarin project of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project no. LM2010013). We thank all the data providers and copyright holders for providing the source data and anonymous experts for translating the sentences.
This package contains data sets for development (Section dev) and testing (Section test) of machine translation of sentences from summaries of medical articles between Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Polish, Spanish
and Swedish. Version 2.0 extends the previous version by adding Hungarian, Polish, Spanish, and Swedish translations.
General Information:
Data collector: Jean Costa Silva (University of Georgia)
Date of collection: September-December 2022
Manner of collection: Online questionnaire via Qualtrics
Funding: No
A visual nervous system inspired approach to optical character recognition is proposed in this paper with the hope to touch human performance in a limited extent. Particularly, the application of features motivated by the hierarchical structure of the visual ventral stream for recognition of both English and Persian handwritten digits is investigated. Features are derived by combining position and scale invariant edge detectors in a hierarchy over neighboring positions and multiple orientations. The extracted features are then used to train and test a classifier. We examine three types of classifiers: ANN, SVM and kNN to show that features are not dependent on a specific classifier which is in support of these features. The evaluation of the proposed method over standard Persian and English handwritten digit datasets shows high recognition rates of 99.63% and 98.9%, respectively. A stability analysis is also performed to demonstrate the robustness of this method to orientation, scale, and translation distortions.