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33. Recognition of geographical information system layers based on spatial analysis

Creator:
Hrubeš, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
GIS, semantic recognition, and spatial analysis
Language:
English
Description:
Presented in this paper is the idea of GIS layers semantic recognition methodology. The aim was to evaluate a possibility of GIS layer recognition based on spatial analysis and performance tests which validate proposed methodology. The final interest was to develop a GIS layer classifier and evaluate its function for independent data set. In my approach to the classification of the GIS data layers I use methods based on the nearest neighbor and histogram of the distance matrix. The reasons for such a solution are in good complexity of the spatial data description and in implementation of these algorithms under statistics software. In the range of the experiment tests I developed methodology for classification and I verified that it is possible to recognize the spatial layer via spatial statistic. Then I developed the classifier based on the Kohonen's Self Organization Maps and evaluated it on a test set. All the executed tests under artificial spatial data and real GIS data show that the proposed methodology is fully relevant and forms a basis for successful use in practical applications. All executed classification models showed that the proposal methodology could directly recognize the GIS layer, as for layers with similar spatial characteristic they recognize only a class of layers. For complete recognition it is necessary to add other information about layers.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

34. Rekonstrukce trasy pro dopravu stavebního kamene z Horoměřic na Levý Hradec: model a realita /

Creator:
Nový, Petr,
Type:
text and studie
Subject:
Archeologie, cesty historické, cesty zaniklé, kámen stavební, GIS, analýzy prostorové, hradiště, geoarcheologie, archeogeofyzika, petroarcheologie, české země od příchodu Slovanů do roku 1306, and doprava, komunikace, pošta, inženýrské sítě
Language:
Czech
Description:
Reconstruction of the route for transportation of building stone from Horoměřice to Levý Hradec: model and reality.
Rights:
unknown

37. Severozápadná brána a opevnenie na predhradí hradiska Mikulčice - Valy

Creator:
Marek Hladík
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, archaeology, Great Moravia, Mikulčice-Valy, Fortification, Stratigraphy, GIS, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of this paper is to present and interpret the finding situation around so-called north-western gate in the outer bailey of the Great Moravian centre Mikulčice-Valy. In addition to the gate, this area revealed remains of a fortification wall and of a settlement, which was protected by the fortification wall. The analysed and interpreted finding situation was surveyed in 1966-1968. The first sections of the paper define the objectives of the paper (chronology, structure, decay of the fortification), introduces the method of revision processing (analysis of entities and qualities, spatial analyses in the GIS environment) and describes the finding situation revealed in the monitored area. Then, the paper focuses on the analysis of spatial relationships of documented contexts (stratigraphy). This analysis is a starting point for a discussion with hypotheses about the chronology and construction of the gate and fortification wall published by Z Klanica, Poulík and B. Kavánová in the second half of the 20th century. Finally, the paper presents an interpretation model about dating construction and decay of the fortifications in outer bailey of the Mikulčice agglomeration., Marek Hladík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

38. Simulation of the snowmelt runoff for the upper Hron basin

Creator:
Parajka, Juraj
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
snowmelt runoff simulation, SRM Model, GIS, modelovanie odtoku zo snehu, and model SRM
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This study is focused on the snowmelt runoff simulations for the upper Hron basin using dte degree-day approach of the SRM model. Our effort was directed at the determination and selection of input data and model parameters using GIS tools. The aim of this paper was to simulate the snowmelt runoff using only regularly measured data, without their special pre-processing. Comparison between measured and computed runoff indicates that the SRM model could be used for the snowmelt runoff simulation for the upper Hron basin. Results for the smaller upper Telgart subbasin were not so acceptable, because of lack of representative input data, which is essential for the determination of the snow depletion curve. and Práca je venovaná simulácii odtoku zo snehu pre povodie horného Hrona s využitím modelu odtoku zo snehu - SRM. Hlavným cieľom práce bolo posúdiť a otestovať možnosti výberu a určenia vstupných údajov a kalibrácie parametrov do modelu SRM s využitím dát pravidelne meraných v sieti meteorologických staníc. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že SRM veľmi dobre simuluje prietok pre povodie horného Hrona ako celku. Simulácia pre povodie horného Hrona rozdeleného na dve výškové zóny, a najmä pre čiastkové povodie Hrona po Telgárt, nedosiahla akceptovateľné výsledky. Tento fakt spôsobili najmä nedostatečné vstupné údaje. Kritickým sa ukázali najmä vstupné informácie o priestorovom rozložení snehovej pokrývky.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

39. Spatial Assessment of soil drought indicators at regional scale: hydrolimits and soil water storage capacity in Záhorská Nížina Lowland

Creator:
Orfánus, Tomáš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
soil drought indicators, hydrolimits, field capacity, limited water availability, wilting point, water storage capacity of soil, root zone, GIS, Záhorská Nížina Lowland, indikátory pôdneho sucha, hydrolimity, poľná vodná kapacita, bod zníženej dostupnosti, bod vädnutia, vododržná kapacita pôdy, and Záhorská nížina
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Serious attention is paid today to the problems of landscape regionalization with respect to its hydrological response. The quantification and the spatial pattern of soil drought indicators (SDI) are considered crucial for a correct hydrological zonation of agricultural lands with regard to water-related phenomena of practical importance, such as drought risk, runoff generation and soil erosion. The paper deals with regional estimation of hydrolimits (field capacity, point of limited availability, wilting point) and water storage capacity (expressed as the difference between the field capacity and the wilting point) of the root zone of agricultural landscape and their interpretation as potential soil drought indicators (SDI). A spatial and pedotransfer approach was applied to the region of the Záhorská nížina Lowland. Relevant outputs (parameters of soil water retention curves) were derived from the data of the Comprehensive Agricultural Soil Survey digital database (KPP DB) using pedotransfer functions (Rosetta model). A spatial processing of model outputs to the form of the regional maps of SDI was performed using GIS tools. SDI were then quantitatively evaluated for (i) individual textural soil units and (ii) individual pedo-ecological regions of Záhorská nížina Lowland respectively. Water storage capacity of soil represents the maximum volume of long-term available water in the effective root zone of cultural crops. To be used as soil-drought indicator, the water storage capacity data should always be interpreted in combination with information about the water contents related to the field capacity and the wilting point. Generally, it is assumed that spatial pattern of SDI is closely related to the soil textural units, while in the case of Záhorská nížina Lowland the segmentation of the landscape to pedo-ecological regions is considered inadequate from hydrological point of view. and V súčasnosti je v kruhoch hydrológov venovaná veľká pozornosť problematike regionalizácie krajiny z hľadiska jej hydrologickej odozvy. Kvantifikácia indikátorov pôdneho sucha (SDI) a poznanie ich priestorovej variability sú kľúčové pre korektné delenie poľnohospodársky využívaných pôd na zóny vo vzťahu k hydrologickým javom s praktickým významom, ako sú sucho, tvorba odtoku a pôdna erózia. Príspevok sa v regionálnej mierke zaoberá odhadom hydrolimitov (poľnej vodnej kapacity, bodu zníženej dostupnosti, bodu vädnutia) a vododržnej kapacity (ako rozdielu v obsahu vody medzi poľnou vodnou kapacitou a bodom vädnutia) koreňovej vrstvy pôd v poľnohospodárskej krajine a ich interpretáciou ako potenciálnych indikátorov pôdneho sucha. Pedotransférový prístup bol využitý pre priestorové spracovanie SDI v rámci regiónu Záhorskej nížiny. Relevantné výstupy (parametre vlhkostných retenčných kriviek) boli odvodené z údajov digitálnej databázy Komplexného prieskumu poľnohospodárskych pôd (KPP DB) využitím pedotransférového modelu Rosetta. Výstupy z modelu boli priestorovo spracované do podoby regionálnych máp indikátorov pôdneho sucha s využitím nástrojov GIS a následne kvantitatívne zhodnotené pre (i) jednotlivé pôdne druhy a (ii) jednotlivé pedo-ekologické regióny Záhorskej nížiny. Vododržná kapacita pôdy reprezentuje maximálny objem vody v koreňovej vrstve pôdy dlhodobo prístupnej pre kultúrne plodiny. Údaje o vododržnej kapacite pôd musia byť pre účel stanovenia potenciálu pôdy z hľadiska jej ohrozenosti suchom (teda ako indikátor pôdneho sucha) interpretované vždy v kombinácii s informáciou o obsahoch vody zodpovedajúcich poľnej vodnej kapacite a bodu vädnutia. Všeobecne možno konštatovať, že priestorová distribúcia indikátorov pôdneho sucha je úzko zviazaná s prirodzenou variabilitou pôdnych druhov, kým segmentácia územia podľa pedo-ekologických regiónov je v prípade regiónu Záhorskej nížiny z hydrologického hľadiska nedostačujúca.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

40. The Epigravettian of Kůlna cave? A revision of artefacts

Creator:
Nerudová, Zdeňka and Moník, Martin
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Epigravettian, Kůlna Cave, knapping technology, chert of Olomučany type, GIS, epigravettien, jeskyně Kůlna, technologie kamenné industrie, and rohovec typu Olomučany
Language:
Czech
Description:
Several archaeological artefacts from Kůlna Cave (Blansko disctrict, Czech Republic) date its settlement to the last 250 thousand years. The stratigraphy both inside the cave and at the entrance was complicated, so that macroscopically similar sediments may have comprised of Magdalenian, Gravettian, and Micoquian industries. The first radiocarbon dates surprisingly showed one Epigravettian date, obtained from an animal bone from layer 5, supposedly belonging to the Magdalenian. Also, a further series of dates from strictly controlled contexts (i.e., those definitely correlated with a single layer) showed interstratification of finds between layers. The question of whether there was indeed an Epigravettian settlement phase of the cave was tested with the analysis of butts of debitage, and preserved cores from layers 5 and 6, to specify the used knapping technology. It became clear that the used technology was uniform throughout Magdalenian layers 5 and 6, but spatial analysis of hearths and heated artefacts indicate these were likely to have been disturbed and may also include older material. and Jeskyně Kůlna (okr. Blansko, Česká republika) poskytla velké množství archeologických nálezů, dokládající osídlení jeskyně po dobu posledních 250 tisíc let. Stratigrafická situace uvnitř i v sondách ve vstupu do jeskyně nebyla jednoduchá a proto se v makroskopicky témž sedimentu mohly nalézt společně industrie magdalénienu, gravettienu a micoquienu. Překvapením bylo první radiokarbonové datování, ve kterém bylo mimo jiných dat získáno datum odpovídající dnes epigravettienu, pocházející ale ze zvířecí kosti z vrstvy 5, která měla náležet magdalénienu. I další série radiokarbonových dat přes to, že vzorky byly důsledně kontrolovány, aby jejich asociace s patřičnou vrstvou byla jistá, přinesla další doklady interstratifikace nálezů mezi vrstvami. Bylo otázkou, zda epigravettienské datum ze zvířecí kosti odpovídá nějakému epizodickému osídlení jeskyně, nebo zda jde jen o náhodně zavlečenou kost do jeskynní stratigrafie. Byla proto provedena analýza charakteru patek debitáže a dochovaných jader, pocházejících z vrstvy 5 a 6 za účelem identifikace technologie jejich sbíjení. Ukázalo se, že technologie sbíjení je v magdalénienských vrstvách uniformní, ale prostorová analýza ohnišť a teplem ovlivněných artefaktů nevylučuje promíchání vrstev včetně intruze staršího materiálu.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public