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22. Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) utilizes both Coccinellini and Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae) as hosts in Kashmir Himalayas
- Creator:
- Maqbool, Amir, Ahmed, Imtiaz, Kiełtyk, Piotr, and Ceryngier, Piotr
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- blanokřídlí, lumčíkovití, brouci, slunéčkovití, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, beetles, Coccinellidae, Dinocampus coccinellae, Coleoptera, Oenopia conglobata, Priscibrumus uropygialis, parasitoid, host selection, host suitability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dinocampus coccinellae is a parasitoid wasp usually parasitizing ladybird beetles of the tribe Coccinellini. A field survey conducted between March and November 2016 revealed three hosts of this parasitoid in the Srinagar district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir: two members of the Coccinellini (Oenopia conglobata and Coccinella undecimpunctata) and one of the Chilocorini (Priscibrumus uropygialis). Proportion of the latter (atypical) host that were parasitized was 0.09 and intermediate between that recorded for C. undecimpunctata (0.06) and O. conglobata (0.14). A series of laboratory experiments revealed that while a member of Coccinellini (O. conglobata) was more often attacked by D. coccinellae than a member of Chilocorini (P. uropygialis), the proportions of each species from which parasitoids emerged did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences between D. coccinellae females bred from O. conglobata and P. uropygialis, with respect to selection of the two host species and their suitability for the development of the parasitoid. However, members of the Chilocorini other than P. uropygialis (Chilocorus infernalis and Simmondsius pakistanensis) were rarely attacked by D. coccinellae and parasitoid larvae did not emerge from any of those attacked. The results of our experiments indicate that in Kashmir Himalayas D. coccinellae is adapted to parasitize hosts belonging to both Coccinellini and Chilocorini., Amir Maqbool, Imtiaz Ahmed, Piotr Kiełtyk, Piotr Ceryngier., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
23. Distribution and dispersal of the invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), across the heterogeneous landscape of the Iberian Peninsula
- Creator:
- Gil-Tapetado, Diego, Gómez, José F, Cabrero-Sañudo, Francisco J, and Nieves-Aldrey, José L
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- blanokřídlí, Hymenoptera, Pyrenejský poloostrov, Iberian Peninsula, Cynipidae, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Asian chestnut gall wasp, invasive species, niche models, dispersal, distribution, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), also known as the Asian chestnut gall wasp, is a non-native invasive species that has recently appeared in many regions of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula. This species is an important pest of chestnut trees in several regions and is of concern for foresters in these areas. The results of this research revealed 14 different hotspots of infestation of D. kuriphilus and resulted in the development of models that predict the distribution of D. kuriphilus in Spain over the next 37 years (2019-2055). These results indicate a rapid spread in all Spanish chestnut forests and identify areas that are theoretically highly suitable and susceptible to colonization by this cynipid based on predictions of three different niche models. Although D. kuriphilus is able to induce galls on all chestnut trees, the models indicate that there are differences in the suitability of the different regions for this species. This differential suitability results in some areas having better environmental conditions than others for D. kuriphilus, which is a factor that should be taken into account in its management and biological control. This study of the current distribution, patterns of dispersal using GIS and potentially suitable areas for D. kuriphilus, using niche models will assist in the management and control of this pest in Spain., Diego Gil-Tapetado, José F. Gómez, Francisco J. Cabrero-Sañudo, José L. Nieves-Aldrey., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24. Distribution, abundance and host association of two parasitoid species attacking frugivorous drosophilid larvae in central Japan
- Creator:
- Mitsui, Hideyuki and Kimura, Masahito T.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Asobara japonica, Ganaspis xanthopoda, parasitoids, drosophilid flies, abundance, distribution, coevolution, and host association
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In central Japan Ganaspis xanthopoda and Asobara japonica commonly parasitize the larvae of frugivorous drosophilids, mainly in montane forests, and urban environments and small groves, respectively. These two parasitoids start reproduction about one month later than their host drosophilids, probably to avoid searching for hosts when host density is low in early spring. It is likely that the local variation in the abundance of these parasitoids and a temporal refuge for their hosts contribute to the persistence of this parasitoid-host community. The forest species, G. xanthopoda, parasitized at least three Drosophila species that are abundant in forests, supporting the hypothesis that parasitoids are better adapted to attack frequently-encountered host species. This parasitoid did not parasitize drosophilid species that are phylogenetically distantly-related to the three host species or less frequent in forests. Benefits of using such species as host would not exceed the costs of evolving virulence to them. Another parasitoid, A. japonica, parasitized various indigenous and exotic drosophilid species including those that it rarely encountered in the field. It is not clear why this species has such a wide host range.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25. Diversity of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an urban environment in Cameroon during and after colonization of the area by Wasmannia auropunctata
- Creator:
- Mbenoun Masse, Paul Serge, Tindo, Maurice , Djiéto-Lordon, Champlain, Mony, Ruth , and Kenne, Martin
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Formicidae, ants, Wasmannia auropunctata, Pheidole megacephala, diversity, colonization, urban environment, and Cameroon
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Invasive species disrupt the organization and functioning of many ant communities. Little is known about ant assemblages formerly in areas invaded by the little fire ant. In this study, we surveyed the same areas and compared the ant communities there when an invasive species first colonized the areas and 10 years later, using the same methodology (quadrat and baiting). A total of 83,299 worker ants from 17 species or morphospecies, in 4 subfamilies and 10 genera were recorded in the two periods sampled. Seven ant species were found to co-occur with W. auropunctata while 12 species were collected in the same area 10 years later, with no W. auropunctata recorded in any of the traps. In the absence of W. auropunctata, the number and diversity of ant species increased and the ant communities were dominated by the African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala. Our findings indicate that the disappearance of W. auropunctata is probably related to population increases in P. megacephala associated with dramatic changes in landscape. Further studies at other invaded locations should be carried out in order to reveal the generality of these patterns throughout this country.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26. Does climate influence phenological trends in social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) in Poland?
- Creator:
- Tryjanowski, Piotr, Pawlikowski, Tadeusz, Pawlikowski, Krzysztof, Banaszak-Cibicka. Weronika, and Sparks, Tim H.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Vespinae, Vespa crabro, Vespula germanica, German wasp, hornet, appearance date, climate change, long-term study, temperature, social insects, and Poland
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Responses of insects to recent climate change have been well documented in a number of taxa, but not in wasps. This study examined shifts in phenology of the two most important wasp species (Vespa crabro and Vespula germanica) in Poland over the last three decades. Both species showed similar temporal trends, advancing their phenology after the early 1980s, but this pattern was detected only for workers not for the appearance of queens. The appearance times for V. germanica were negatively related to mean April temperature, appearing earlier in years with warmer springs, and positively related to precipitation in April. The studied species advanced aspects of their phenology, but linking this to temperature was not achieved for V. crabro suggesting that we have to pay more attention to the life history traits of the study organisms.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27. Does the decline of red wood ants after clear-cutting favour epigeic arthropods?
- Creator:
- Żmihorski, Michał
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Formica, predation, competition, forest management, clear-cuts, intra-guild predation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In forest ecosystems in the temperate and boreal zones in Europe, red wood ants (RWA, Formica rufa group) have a significant affect as predators and competitors in communities of ground-dwelling arthropods. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution and abundance of RWA affect the distribution of many other species. The hypothesis that a reduction in the abundance of RWA in clear-cut areas enables other arthropods to increase in abundance was tested. The study was conducted in NW Poland in 2007 and 2008. A total of 276 1×1 m plots were sampled and 1,696 individuals recorded. The probability of the occurrence of RWA decreased significantly towards the center of clear-cut areas and increased with increasing plant cover. The frequency of Lasius platythorax, Formica fusca and spiders in the plots significantly increased towards the edge of a clear-cut area. Moreover, the occurrence of L. platythorax was negatively associated with the presence of RWA, while that of the Myrmica species was positively associated. The effect of the distance to the edge of a clear-cut area seems to be much more pronounced than the effect of RWA. This suggests that the arthropods studied prefer habitats close to the edge that are utilized by RWA than RWA-free sites located in the centre of clear-cut areas. and Michal Zmihorski.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
28. Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with notes on their phylogeny
- Creator:
- Heidemaa, Mikk, Nuorteva, Matti, Hantula, Jarkko, and Saarma, Urmas
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, sawfly, Dolerus asper, D. brevicornis, D. derzavini, D. gibbosus, D. harwoodi, taxonomy, neotype, morphology, phylogeny, phenology, molecular markers, and distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Concordant differences in morphology, phenology and RAMS markers, as well as in sequenced mtDNA (COI, COII, cytb) and nuclear DNA (ITS2) fragments, indicate that Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 are valid species. On the basis of morphology, molecular markers, and distributional records, both species are distinct from Dolerus gibbosus Hartig, 1837 (= Dolerus planatus Hartig, 1837). Taxonomy of the species is clarified and the neotypes of Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 are designated. The synonymies of Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859, to Dolerus planatus Hartig, 1837 and Dolerus derzavini Malaise, 1931, spec. rev. to D. asper Zaddach, 1859 are abandoned. Dolerus carbonarius Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus fumosus Zaddach, 1859 are considered to be species inquirendae. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS2 fragment and fragments of ITS2 + COI and ITS2 + COII yielded the topology [D. asper, (D. brevicornis, D. gibbosus)], while those of all other markers and their combinations resulted in the topology [D. brevicornis, (D. asper, D. gibbosus)]. In the latter hypothesis the clade asper + gibbosus is also supported by structural synapomorphies.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29. Ecological and seasonal patterns in the diversity of a species-rich bee assemblage (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes)
- Creator:
- Müller, Andreas, Oertli, Sabine, and Dorn, Silvia
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sampling effort, seasonal patterns, ecological patterns, species richness, diversity, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, bees, Alps, and Switzerland
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Meaningful ecological studies on insect communities require sampling protocols that take into consideration temporal fluctuations in abundance and species composition. Bees with their specific requirements for nutrition and nesting are good indicators of landscape structure and overall biodiversity, provided the ecological and seasonal patterns they show are taken into consideration. The present two year study traced the ecological and seasonal patterns on 2 km2 of a southern slope in the Swiss Alps, ranging from 1150 to 1550 m above sea level. The study area consisted mainly of grassland under different regimes, mostly hay meadows and pastures. By direct netting at five monthly intervals in each year a total of 247 bee species were recorded. This comprehensive sampling scheme identified one of the most diverse bee faunas in Central and Northern Europe, consisting of a statistically estimated 280 species. Most species were rare with 14.6% represented by a single individual. Ecological analysis of the bee community showed that the primitively eusocial species were over represented among the abundant species and the parasitic species among the rarest. Both abundance and species richness were subject to marked seasonal variations. A substantial turnover in species composition as well as changes in ecological patterns were observed. More than 25% of all species were recorded in only one of the two years, in particular many of the parasitic species. Singletons accounted for a higher proportion when individual years rather than the pooled data were analysed. All these findings underline the importance of season-long sampling and sampling over more than one year if bees are to be used as indicators in ecological and studies on bee communities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30. Effect of ant attendance on aphid population growth and above ground biomass of the aphid's host plant
- Creator:
- Hosseini, Afsane, Hosseini, Mojtaba, Katayama, Noboru, and Mehrparvar, Mohsen
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, polokřídlí, mšicovití, blanokřídlí, populační růst, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hymenoptera, population growth, Formicidae, ant-aphid interaction, aphid performance, developmental stage, plant yield, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ant-aphid mutualism is considered to be a beneficial association for the individuals concerned. The population and fitness of aphids affected by ant attendance and the outcome of this relationship affects the host plant of the aphid. The main hypothesis of the current study is that ant tending decreases aphid developmental time and/or increases reproduction per capita, which seriously reduces host plant fitness. The effect of attendance by the ant Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on population growth and duration of different developmental stages of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were determined along with the consequences for the fitness of the host plant of the aphid, Vicia faba L., in greenhouse conditions. The initial aphid density was manipulated in order to study aphid performance due to density-dependent changes in ant attendance. The population growth rate of ant attended aphids was more than that of unattended aphids. However, the ratio of 1st-2nd nymphs to adults in aphid populations attended by ants was lower. The yields of bean plants on which the aphids were attended by ants were significantly greater than those of unattended plants. This study indicates that ants not only increase aphid fitness in terms of their population growth rate, but also benefit the host plant., Afsane Hosseini, Mojtaba Hosseini, Noboru Katayama, Mohsen Mehrparvar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public