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52. The first report of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus Linnaeus)
- Creator:
- Majewska, Anna C., Werner, Anna, Cabaj, Władysław, and Moskwa, Bożena
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, serological survey, IgG antibodies, agglutination test, Białowieża Forest, and Poland
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908 is an apicomplexan parasite with a worldwide distribution. It is of great medical and veterinary importance because it may cause abortion or congenital disease in its intermediate hosts, including man. The European bison, the largest herbivorous animal in Europe, is a species that has been saved from extinction. Twenty-four of 95 examined sera of the European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) from the Białowieża Forest, Poland collected from 2008 to 2011 were found to be positive for the presence of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies using a direct agglutination test, with the antibody titre in positive animals ranging from 40 to 18000. Statistically significant differences were observed only between years of sample collection. This is the first report on T. gondii in lowland European bison living in the natural environment.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
53. The housing satisfaction of Polish households and its determinants
- Creator:
- Żelazowski, Konrad, Kucharska-Stasiak, Ewa, Miklaszewska, Anna, and Wieteska-Rosiak, Beata
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- housing satisfaction, Poland, housing market, and ordered logit model
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The level of satisfaction that households have with their housing is important for people to function properly, as it largely determines their life satisfaction. Housing satisfaction is a multidimensional concept that can be defined, measured, and analysed in various ways. The aim of the article is to identify the housing satisfaction of Polish households in terms of living space, housing standard, and housing expenses, and to identify the main determinants of housing satisfaction. Factors that have a major impact on housing satisfaction are classified based on a literature review. The sources of Poles’ housing satisfaction are identified using ordered logistic regression. This article is one of the first attempts to analyse housing satisfaction in a post-socialist Central and Eastern European economy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
54. The influence of environmental factors on the supranivean activity of flies (Diptera) in Central Poland
- Creator:
- Soszyńska, Agnieszka
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Snow activity, atmospheric factors, phenology, Diptera, and Poland
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- More than half of the insects collected on snow in Central Poland were flies (Diptera). Altogether 83 species of Diptera from 27 families were identified, of which 9 families were recorded for the first time. Two thirds of the Diptera belonged to the Mycetophilidae and Trichoceridae, which were also very species-rich. Other families with many species were the Heleomyzidae, Sphaeroceridae and Phoridae. The peak activity was in the first part of December. Flies were most active on snow when the humidity ranged from 80 to 100%, temperatures between -1 to 5°C and the snow was from 20 to 40 cm deep. The occurrence of Trichoceridae was strictly associated with high humidities, in contrast to Drosophilidae and Heleomyzidae, which were most active at lower humidities. The activity of the flies of the most frequently recorded families was displaced towards either lower (Heleomyzidae and Limoniidae) or higher temperatures (Trichoceridae, Mycetophilidae). In contrast to other families, the supranivean activity of Phoridae was strictly associated with thin snow cover.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
55. The occurrence and preference of Botanophila flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) for particular species of Epichloë fungi infecting wild grasses
- Creator:
- Lembicz, Marlena, Górzynska, Karolina, Olszanowski, Ziemowit, Michelsen, Verner, and Leuchtmann, Adrian
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Diptera, Anthomyiidae, Botanophila, egg morphology, fungi, Clavicipitaceae, Epichloë, molecular phylogeny, Poland, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Specific associations between species frequently occur in ecological interactions. The aim of this study was to determine the preferences of anthomyiid flies of the genus Botanophila for particular species of fungi as sites for laying eggs and as food for both larvae and adults. The associations of their eggs, larvae and flies with the stromata of different species of Epichloë fungi infecting 7 species of grass in Poland were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of their eggs and an analysis of the genetic sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COII) were used to identify the taxa of the flies studied. Three types of eggs were distinguished based on their shape, colour and the presence of dorsal folds and sculpturing on the shells. Tentatively, these eggs were assigned to the following species: B. laterella, B. phrenione, B. dissecta and B. lobata. COII sequences obtained from larvae that hatched from two of the types of eggs formed three distinct clades associated with the reference sequences for Botanophila phrenione, B. lobata (new to the fauna of Poland) and a putative species, “Taxon 1”. Only one of these flies (B. lobata) was restricted to a single species of Epichloë (E. bromicola on Elymus repens); B. phrenione was recorded mainly from E. typhina infecting three different species of grass. The results of this study confirm that there is not a close species specific association between this fungus and this insect., Marlena Lembicz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
56. The origins of Poland in the light of testimonies of witnesses at the Kingdom of Poland versus the Teutonic Knights trial in 1422-1423
- Creator:
- Piotr Węcowski
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- I., polský král, Boleslav, asi 966-1025, III., římský císař, Ota, 980-1002, Jeruzalémští bratři, 15. století, medievalistika, paměť, řádoví rytíři, medievalistics, memory, knights of order, Polsko, and Poland
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In 1422-1423 a trial between the Teutonic Order and the Polish Kingdom took place in the presence of the pope´s envoy Zeno. Around 120 witnesses brought by the Polish side confirmed Poland´s rights to the disputed lands (including Pomerania). The author studies witnesses´ claims regarding the early history of Poland, namely its origins and the first decades of the existence of the kingdom. Witnesses recounted the establishment of the kingdom in AD 1000, during the meeting between the Emperor Otto III and Bolesław I Chrobry. They talked about the introduction of a special payment for the pope, the so-called denarius sancti Petri, usually associated with the activity of Kazimierz I, but also about the loss of the royal crown by Polish rulers, usually explained as a punishment for the murder of the bishop of Cracow Stanislaus by the King Bolesław II. According to the author, the witnesses´ knowledge about the beginnings of Poland was rather extensive, although it was very inaccurate. It was superficial, vague, imprecise, or simply false. It seems that the majority of the inhabitants of the Polish Kingdom, including its political and intellectual elites, were only familiar with a few historical characters and events. and Piotr Węcowski.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
57. The procedures of election the head of state in the Republic of Poland before the Second World War
- Creator:
- Lewandowski, Bartosz
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- president, election, inter-war period, Poland, and legal history
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The article concerns a legal way of election the President in the Polish legal order between second world war. The April Constitution 1935, which made the head of state the most powerful body, tried to reflect the political orientation of its creators. The Constitution from 1935 was made personally for Józef Piłsudski. The political option, ruling Poland after 1926, had to construct the wise of president election, which would be secure for the this option.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
58. The Sudetic Marginal Fault: a young morphophotectonic feature at the NE margin of the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe
- Creator:
- Badura, Janusz, Zuchiewicz, Witold, Štěpančiková, Petra, Przybylski, Bogusław, Kontny, Bernard, and Cacoń, Stefan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geodynamika, geodynamics, Polsko jihozápadní, Čechy severovýchodní (Česko), Poland, Bohemia, Northeastern (Czechia), morphotectonics, digital elevation models, drainage basin parameters, Sude tic Marginal Fault, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We analysed a nearly 133-km-long portion of the Sudetic Marginal Fault (SMF) in Poland (99.7 km) and the Czech Republic (33.8 km), comprised between Złotoryja in the NW and Jesenik in the SE. The fault trace has been subdivided into fifteen segments showing different orientation (N29°W to N56°W, and even N111°W SE of Złoty Stok), geological setting, length (8.8-22.9 km in Poland and 1.4-7.5 km in the Czech Republic), and height of the fault- and fault-line scarps (5-75 m to 200-360 m). Orientation of the entire fault trace approaches N41° W, and the mountain front sinuosity amounts to 1.051. Individual fault segments bear a flight of two to five tiers of triangular facets, showing differentiated state of preservation and degree of erosional remodelling. The highest triangular facets are confined to Rychlebské (Złote) and Sowie Mts. This tiering points to at least five episodes of uplift of the SMF footwall, starting shortly after 31 Ma, i.e. after basalts of the Sichów Hills area were displaced by the fault, and most probably postdating 7-5 Ma time interval, during which rapid cooling and exhumation of the Sowie Góry Mts. massif took place. Morphometric parameters of 244 small catchment areas of streams that dissect the fault scarp include, i.a. elongation, relief, and average slope of individual catchment areas, together with values of the valley flo or width to valley height ratios. These figures point to moderate tectonic activity of the SMF and allow us to conclude about Quaternary uplift, particularly important in the Sowie and Rychlebské (Złote) segments., Janusz Badura, Witold Zuchiewicz, Petra Štěpančiková, Bogusław Przybylski, Bernard Kontny and Stefan Cacoń., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
59. Towards a more economically effective e-government: the case of the transitional economy in Poland
- Creator:
- Lech Wojciech Zacher and Białobłocki, Tomasz
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- věda, internet, evaluace, Internet, evaluation, Polsko, Poland, e-government, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- E-government becomes an important element of the emerging e-societies. There is a great diversity of strategies, policies and results related to its introduction. Educational and cultural conditions and possibilities are vital because they generate - or not - interests in ICTs and their various applications. So capacity building for e-government is a coplex porcess, not limited to introduciton of technological and organizational actions. Moreover e-government is costly and will require soon not only social but also econimic evaluation. These issues are explored in an illustrative case study of e-services in Poland. and Lech W. Zacher, Tomasz Białobłocki
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
60. Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) detected in Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) (Ixodidae)
- Creator:
- Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina, Sroka, Jacek, Zając, Violetta, Sawczyn, Anna, Cisak, Ewa, and Dutkiewicz, Jacek
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- toxoplazmóza, klíšťata, toxoplasmosis, ticks, Polsko, Poland, vectors, PCR, RFLP-PCR, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present work was to determine whether Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius), tick species common in eastern Poland could be infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). A total of 664 unfed D. reticulatus ticks were collected from six localities of Lublin province (eastern Poland) within the framework of study for the presence of bacterial, viral and parasitological infections, with use of PCR and confirmed by sequencing analysis. The prevalence of T. gondii DNA of B1 gene in the total examined D. reticulatus ticks was 3.2%. The infection varies greatly depending on the locality of tick collection (0-16.7%). Preliminary identification of clonal type (I or II/III) by Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR) with use B1 gene showed that all isolates of T. gondii belonged to type I. RFLP analysis using genetic markers SAG1, 5'-SAG2, 3'-SAG2, SAG3, and GRA6 on B1-positive samples showed that only a single isolate proved to be type I with all five markers, another type was classified to type I according to four markers, while another five isolates had only type I alleles at GRA6, which cannot be regarded as type I confirmation. It must be pointed out that the used DNA isolation method by boiling with ammonium hydroxide enables to receive the total DNA from ticks, but may be not quite suitable for genotyping. In conclusion, this study indicates that besides Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus), also D. reticulatus should be considered as a potential vector of T. gondii. The presumption of tick-borne transmission as an alternative pathway of disease spreading could well explain the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the herbivorous mammals and birds. However, this hypothesis needs verification by further experimental and ecological studies., Angelina Wójcik-Fatla, Jacek Sroka, Violetta Zając, Anna Sawczyn, Ewa Cisak, Jacek Dutkiewicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public