Cílem článku je postihnout nejdůležitější hermeneutické aspekty Husserlova myšlení, ukázat je v jejich vzájemné souvislosti a upozornit na to, že rozvoj hermeneutiky probíhal z podstatné části v návaznosti na Husserla a jako pokračování jeho snah jinými prostředky. Autor se zaměřuje na vyhodnocení hermeneutického smyslu vybraných aspektů Husserlovy fenomenologie, nikoli na podrobnou diskuzi jejího vnitřního vývoje. Článek shrnuje souvislosti Husserlova posunu od statické fenomenologie ke geneticky orientované fenomenologické analýze. Jako předstupeň uvedeného posunu je nejprve představena koncepce motivovanosti vnímání z Idejí k čisté fenomenologii a fenomenologické filosofii II. Následně autor na základě rozboru hlavních spisů pozdního Husserla charakterizuje koncepci genetické fenomenologie a analyzuje její hlavní pojmy: pojem pasivní geneze a zejména pojem horizontu. V závěru článku je nastíněna vazba mezi Husserlovou koncepcí genetické fenomenologie a pozicí hermeneutické fenomenologie, která byla postupně formulována M. Heideggerem, H.-G. Gadamerem a P. Ricoeurem., The aim of the article is to capture the most important hermeneutical aspects of Husserl’s thinking, to display them in their mutual relatedness, and to draw attention to the fact that the development of hermeneutics drew significantly on the work of Husserl and can be seen as a continuation of his endeavour by other means. The author focuses on an evaluation of the hermeneutical sense of selected aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology, rather than on a detailed discussion of its inner evolution. The article summarises the contexts of Husserl’s move from a static phenomenology to a genetically-orientated phenomenological analysis. As an introductory phase of the move in question, the conception of the motivated perception of the Ideas of a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy II is presented. Subsequently the author, on the basis of the main works of the late Husserl, characterises the conception of the genetical phenomenology and analyses its main concepts: the concept of passive genesis, and especially the concept of horizon. In the conclusion of the article the connection between Husserl’s conception of genetical phenomenology and the position of hermeneutical phenomenology is sketched, as it is gradually formulated by M. Heidegger, H.-G. Gadamer and P. Ricoeur., and Martin Ďurďovič.
The aim of the article is to apply the concept of the hermeneutical circle to the position of a sociologist. The hermeneutical problem in sociology is exemplified by research into social action that examines how sociological understanding captures meanings attributed to the action by the actors themselves. Although several distinguished theorists have already introduced the idea of hermeneutics into sociology, none of them pursued the topic of the hermeneutical circle in detail. This article applies the hermeneutical circle to sociology through the concepts of ‘pre-understanding’ and the ‘fusion of horizons’. The analysis results in the acknowledgement of epistemological pluralism in sociology and leads to the conclusion that the justification of truth in sociology cannot be simply a matter of correspondence-based verification, but must involve a form of decision-making about true knowledge within an intersubjective sociological rationality.
The aim of the article is to interpret Heidegger’s theory of understanding as a specific contribution to the investigation of human action. First, Heidegger’s notion of understanding as practical copying is explained and is distinguished from the analytic theory of action based on the concept of intention. Second, the possibility of grasping intentional action as an answer to the situation of disturbed understanding is analysed against the background of Heidegger’s concept of the worldliness of the world. The article attempts to supplement Heidegger’s conception. The genesis of intentional action may be sought in the notion of the identity of self-understanding that is grounded in Dasein’s elaboration of the overall interpretation of the world and in Dasein’s explicit reflexion of the possibilities of his or her own existence. In this context, the relationship between the analysis of action and the lifeworld concept is outlined and it is stressed that theoretical reflection may play an important role in deliberation over possibilities of action. At the end of the article, Gadamer’s concepts of dialogue and play are employed to highlight some conditions that result from social dimension of action and restrict the formulation of intentions. The article approaches Heidegger’s notion of understanding in an unorthodox way: through a hermeneutical dialogue with different interpretative and philosophical positions., Martin Ďurďovič., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
A unifying picture to the hermeneutical approach to schizophrenia is given by combining the philosophical and the experimental/computational approaches. Computational models of associative learning and recall in the cortico-hippocampal system helps to understand the circuits of normal and pathological behavior.