his study traces the changing portrayals of Maria Theresa in the writings of the most important Czech historians (F. M. Pelcl, W. W. Tomek, J. Kalousek, B. Rieger, J. Svátek, J. Pekař and J. Prokeš) up until the end of the First Republic. It also considers the works of popular chroniclers, the French historian E. Denis, and school textbooks. The author shows that from the end of the 18th century to the 1930s Czech historiography presented an image of Maria Theresa as an exceptionally capable ruler whose wide-ranging reforms brought considerable progress in many different spheres of life both in Bohemia and the monarchy as a whole. From the outset, however, there was also criticism of various aspects of her policies that were perceived as inimical to the Czech nation. First there was Germanization, especially in the education system; then, from the 1860s, the centralizing tendency of administrative reforms that threatened the (albeit limited) autonomy of the Czech state and opened the door to dualism. This criticism was especially abrasive in the works of J. Kalousek, B. Rieger and J. Svátek. Some even pointed to an actively hostile attitude on the part of the empress towards the Czech Lands. As the proliferation of factual evidence consolidated the positive image of the great monarch, critical assessments became more objective, though they never disappeared altogether. It is worth noting that, with few exceptions, the positive importance of absolutist enlightenment reforms for the emergence of the modern Czech nation-state was often overlooked., Eduard Maur., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Publikace poměrně podrobně charakterizuje vývoj slovenské ekonomiky, a zvláště dopravy již od poloviny 19. století, byť ve svém jádru pojednává o období samostatné Slovenské republiky (1939-1945) a poválečného tříletí. Podle recenzenta jde o velmi solidní a komplexní práci, jejíž největší přínos spočívá ve využití velkého množství dosud nezpracovaných pramenů a v zachycení pozoruhodných rozdílů v rozvoji dopravní infrastruktury, technologií a způsobů cestování mezi českými zeměmi a Slovenskem v různých obdobích., The publication History of transportation in Slovakia 1938-1948 (1950): Its boundaries and limits characterizes in a fairly detailed manner the development of the Slovak economy since the mid-1800s, although its core deals with the independent Slovak Republic (1939-1945) and the first three years after the war. In the reviewer´s opinion, it is a very solid and comprehensive work the greates contribution of which consists in the use of a large amount of hitherto unprocessed sources and a capture of remarkable differences in the development of transportation infrastructure, technologies, and modes of travel between Slovakia and the Cezch Lands in various periods of time., [autor recenze] Pavel Szobi., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The Czech-Jewish community in Bohemia and Moravia used in its sociolect a lot of specific lexical elements. One of them is also the lexeme podzelená (as Czech term for the religious holiday sukkoth, i.e. the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles, sometimes also for the ritual hut sukkah itself) that is missing in prestigious Czech dictionaries It emerged - in a very exceptional and rare way - from the prepositional elliptical collocation pod zelenou,. It appears already in the oldest Czech translation of siddur in 1847, and also relatively profusely in the texts of Jewish origin (primarily of the Czech-Jewish assimilative orientation) as late as the holocaust period. In post-war decades, this term was finally replaced by the word sukot (indeclinable plural in Czech) as a consequence of a new cultural situation in the Czech Judaism (the arrival of new members from Ruthenia and Slovakia to Czech Jewish communities, shift to orthodoxy, regeneration of the knowledge of Hebrew, cultural orientation to Israel).
Recenzent seznamuje s výklady britského historika v knize a spatřuje jejich přínos především v bohaté faktografii, založené na důkladném studiu francouzských archivních materiálů, a v neotřelém pohledu, nezatíženém rozsáhlými a mnohdy vášnivými diskusemi nad fenomény kolaborace a odboje ve francouzské historiografii a společnosti. K hlavním kladům knihy podle něj patří také interdisciplinarita, propojující přístupy sociálních dějin, dějin každodennosti a dějin policie s takzvanými velkými politickými dějinami. Autor načrtává mnohem různorodější a rozpornější obraz reality, než odpovídá zavedeným mýtům o policii ve velkém a dobrovolně kolaborující s režimem ve Vichy i s Němci, o její zbabělosti a setrvalém propojení se zločinem., The reviewer provides an account of interpretations of the British historian; he sees their main contribution in rich facts based on a thorough study of French archival documents and a novel angle of view unburdened by extensive and often heater discussions over phenomena of resistance and collaboration in the French histography and society. In the interviewer´s opinion, the book´s strenghts also include an interdisciplinary approach combining social history, everydayyhistory and police history with the so-called great political history. The author drafts a much more diverse and disparate picture of reality than that suggested by established myths about the police force extensively and voluntarily collaborating both with Germans and the Vichy regime, about the cowardice of police officers and their permanent links to the world of crime., [autor recenze]. Dalibor Vácha, and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy