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Start Over Subject human physiology

261. Post-Exercise Decrease of Plasma Hyaluronan: Increased Clearance or Diminished Production?

Creator:
Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay, Mekonen, W., Rössler, A., Schwaberger, G., Lamprecht, M., and Hofmann, P.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
H. G. Hinghofer-Szalkay, W. Mekonen, A. Rössler, G. Schwaberger, M. Lamprecht, P. Hofmann. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

262. Potential neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties of a long-lasting stable analog of ghrelin: an in vitro study using SH-SY5Y cells

Creator:
Alena Popelová, Kákonová, A, Blanka Železná, Lenka Maletínská, Jaroslav Kuneš, and Hrubá, L
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Ghrelin, SH-SY5Y cells, Methylglyoxal cytotoxicity, Neuroprotection, Apoptosis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are increasing in prevalence. Currently, there are no effective and specific treatments for these disorders. Recently, positive effects of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin on memory and learning were demonstrated in mouse models of AD and PD. In this study, we tested the potential neuroprotective properties of a stable and long-lasting ghrelin analog, Dpr3ghrelin (Dpr3ghr), in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stressed with 1.2 mM methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic endogenous by-product of glycolysis, and we examined the impact of Dpr3ghr on apoptosis. Pre-treatment with both 10-5 and 10-7 M Dpr3ghr resulted in increased viability in SH-SY5Y cells (determined by MTT staining), as well as reduced cytotoxicity of MG in these cells (determined by LDH assay). Dpr3ghr increased viability by altering pro-apoptotic and viability markers: Bax was decreased, Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was attenuated. The ghrelin receptor GHS-R1 and Dpr3ghr-induced activation of PBK/Akt were immuno-detected in SH-SY5Y cells to demonstrate the presence of GHS-R1 and GHS-R1 activation, respectively. We demonstrated that Dpr3ghr protected SH-SY5Y cells against MG-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis. Our data suggest that stable ghrelin analogs may be candidates for the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders., A. Popelová, A. Kákonová, L. Hrubá, J. Kuneš, L. Maletínská, B. Železná., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

263. Potkani jsou stejně lechtiví jako lídé

Creator:
Tomáš Petrásek
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, věda, fyziologie živočichů, fyziologie člověka, potkan, science, animal physiology, human physiology, Rattus norvegicus, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tomáš Petrásek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

264. Preadipocyte factor-1 concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa: the influence of partial realimentation

Creator:
Petra Kaválková, Ivana Dostálová, Denisa Haluzíková, Trachta, P., Hanušová, V, Zdeňka Lacinová, Hana Papežová, Daniela Domluvilová, Vít Zikán, and Martin Haluzík
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, preadipocyte factor-1, anorexia nervosa, realimentation, adipose tissue, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is a member of epidermal growthfactor like family of proteins that regulates adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Experimental studies suggest that circulating Pref-1 levels may be also involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. We hypothesized that alterations in Pref-1 levels may contribute to the ethiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa or its underlying metabolic abnormalities. We measured Pref-1 concentrations and other hormonal, biochemical and anthropometric parameters in eighteen patients with anorexia nervosa and sixteen healthy women and studied the influence of partial realimentation of anorexia nervosa patients on these parameters. The mean duration of realimentation period was 46±2 days. At baseline, anorexia nervosa patients had significantly decreased body mass index, body weight, body fat content, fasting glucose, serum insulin, TSH, free T4, leptin and total protein. Partial realimentation improved these parameters. Baseline serum Pref-1 levels did not significantly differ between anorexia nervosa and control group (0.26±0.02 vs. 0.32±0.05 ng/ml, p=0.295) but partial realimentation significantly increased circulating Pref-1 levels (0.35±0.04 vs. 0.26±0.02 ng/ml, p<0.05). Postrealimentation Pref-1 levels significantly positively correlated with the change of body mass index after realimentation (r=0.49, p<0.05). We conclude that alterations in Pref-1 are not involved in the ethiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa but its changes after partial realimentation could be involved in the regulation of adipose tissue expansion after realimentation., P. Kaválková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

265. Preconditioning Modulates Susceptibility to Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias in the Rat Heart: The Role of a-Adrenergic Stimulation and K(ATP) Channels

Creator:
Ravingerová, T., Dezider Pancza, Atila Ziegelhöffer, and Ján Styk
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Ischemic preconditioning, Arrhythmias, Adrenergic stimulation, K(ATP) channels, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
a1_A new concept of cardioprotection based on the exploitation of endogenous mechanisms is known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). It has been hypothesized that substances released during brief ischemic stress (e.g. catecholamines) stimulate the receptors and trigger multiple cell signaling cascades. Opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels [K(ATP)] has been suggested as a possible final step in the mechanisms of protection. In this study, the role of adrenergic activation was tested in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to test ischemia (TI; 30 min occlusion of LAD coronary artery) by: 1) mimicking IPC (5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion) with short-term (5 min) administration of norepinephrine (NE, 1 µM), 15 min prior to TI; 2) blockade with b- or a1-receptor antagonists, propranolol (10 µM) and prazosin (2 µM), respectively, applied 15 min prior to TI during IPC. The role of K(ATP) opening was examined by perfusion with a K(ATP) blocker glibenclamide (10 mM) during IPC. Both IPC and NE-induced PC effectively reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) to 33 % and 37 %, respectively, vs 100 % in the non-PC controls, whereby ventricular fibrillation (VF) was totally abolished by IPC and markedly suppressed by PC with NE (0 % and 10 %, respectively, vs 70 % in the non-PC hearts; P<0.05). The severity of arrhythmias (arrhythmia score, AS) was also markedly attenuated by both interventions (IPC: AS 1.7±0.4; NE-PC: AS 1.8±0.3 vs AS 4.1±0.2 in the controls; P<0.05). Protection was not suppressed by propranolol (VT 28 %; VF 14 %; AS 2.2±0.6), whereas prazosin reversed the protective effect of PC (VT 83 %; VF 67 %; AS 4.0±0.8). Antiarrhythmic protection afforded by NE-PC was abolished by pretreatment of rats with pertussis toxin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) given 48 h prior to the experiments., a2_Glibenclamide did not suppress the IPC-induced protection. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the rat heart to ischemic arrhythmias can be modulated by IPC. Protection is mediated via stimulation of a1-adrenergic receptors coupled with Gi-proteins but glibenclamide-sensitive K(ATP) channels do not appear to be involved in the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic protection in this model., T. Ravingerová, D. Pancza, A. Ziegelhoffer, J. Styk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

266. Prediction of vertebral fractures by trabecular bone score in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Creator:
Killinger, Zdenko, Kužma, Martin, Tomková, Soňa, Brázdilová, Kristína, Jackuliak, Peter, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, kosti, human physiology, bones, Trabecular bone score, Vertebral fractures, Ankylosing spondylitis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Ankylosing spondylarthritis (AS) is associated falsely increased lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). New tool for discrimination of subjects at fracture risk is needed. Vertebral fracture (VF) prediction of routine methods for osteoporosis assessment, BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS), in patients with AS. Cross-sectional study of all AS patients regularly followed at the rheumatology outpatient clinics of two centers. All subjects undergone BMD measurement at lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) using Hologic® Horizon device. TBS at L1-4 in all subjects by TBS InSight® software were assessed. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) was performed using the lateral spine imaging IVA™ and graded using Genant semi-quantitative approach. 119 AS subjects (90 males/29 females), mean age 47.6 years were included in the study. In 20 patients 34 VFs were detected, from whom 7 patients had multiple fractures. Subjects with VF were older and had lower FN BMD, TBS in comparison to non-VF subjects. No differences in LS BMD, FN BMD or BASDAI between groups were observed. Among patients with VF only 3 had T-score less than -2.5 but 7 has TBS less than 1.23 which means highly degraded microarchitecture. AS patients with VF have lower TBS and FN BMD in comparison to non-VF subjects. In addition, TBS was able to detect 20 % more VFs than BMD. Therefore, TBS seems promising in VF discrimination among patients with AS., Zdenko Killinger, Martin Kužma, Soňa Tomková, Kristína Brázdilová, Peter Jackuliak, Juraj Payer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

268. Pressure overload selectively increases n-3 PUFA in myocardial phospholipids during early postnatal period

Creator:
Novák, F., František Kolář, Voců, Š., Marek Vecka, and Olga Nováková
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, myocardium, postnatal development, pressure overload, rat, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Increasing hemodynamic load during early postnatal development leads to rapid growth of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, which is associated with membrane phospholipid (PL) remodeling characterized by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accumulation. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of additional workload imposed early after birth when ventricular myocytes are still able to proliferate. Male Wistar rats were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AC) at postnatal day 2. Concentrations of PL and their fatty acid (FA) profiles in the LV were analyzed in AC, sham-operated (SO) and intact animals on postnatal days 2 (intact only), 5 and 10. AC resulted in LV enlargement by 22 % and 67 % at days 5 and 10, respectively, compared with age-matched SO littermates. Concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin decreased in AC myocardium, albeit with different time course and extent. The main effect of AC on FA remodeling consisted in the accumulation of n-3 PUFA in PL. The most striking effect of AC on FA composition was observed in phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin. We conclude that excess workload imposed by AC inhibited the normal postnatal increase of PL concentration while further potentiating the accumulation of n-3 PUFA as an adaptive response of the developing myocardium to accelerated growth., F. Novák, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

269. Prevalence of tidal expiratory flow limitation in preschool children with and without respiratory symptoms: application of the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method

Creator:
Adriana Jiřičková, Šulc, Karel, Petr Pohunek, Otomar Kittnar, Alena Dohnalová, and Jiří Kofránek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, děti předškolního věku, fyziologie, preschool children, human physiology, respiratory disorders, expiratory flow limitation, negative expiratory pressure technique, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Negative expiratory pressure (NEP) applied at the mouth during tidal expiration provides a non-invasive method for detecting expiratory flow limitation. Forty-two children were studied, i.e. 25 children with different respiratory symptoms (R) and 17 without any respiratory symptoms (NR). Children were examined without any sedation. A preset NEP of -5 cm H 2 O was applied; its duration did not exceed duration of tidal expiration. A significance of FL was judged by determining of a flow-limited range (in % of tidal volume). FL was found in 48 % children of R group. No patient of the NR group elicited FL (P<0.001 R vs. NR). The frequency of upper airway collapses was higher in R group (12 children) than in NR gr oup (5 children). In conclusion, a high frequency of tidal FL in the R group was found, while it was not present in NR group. A relatively high frequency of expiratory upper airway collapses was found in both groups, but it did not differ significantly. NEP method represents a reasonable approach for tidal flow limitation testing in non-sedated preschool children., A. Jiřičková, J. Šulc, P. Pohunek, O. Kittnar, A. Dohnalová, J Kofránek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public