Depression is a complex disorder related to chronic inflammatory processes, chronic stress changes and a hippocampal response. There is a increasing knowledge about the role of glial cells in nutrient supply to neurons, maintenance of synaptic contacts and tissue homeostasis within the CNS. Glial cells, viewed in the past as passive elements with a limited influence on neuronal function, are becoming recognized as active partners of neurons and are starting to be discussed as a possible therapeutic target. Their role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is also being reconsidered. Attention is devoted to studies of the different types of antidepressants and their effects on transmembrane signaling, including levels of α subunits of G proteins in C6 glioma cells in vitro as a model of postsynaptic changes in vivo. These models indicate similarities in antidepressant effects on G proteins of brain cells and effector cells of natural immunity, natural killers and granulocytes. Thus, an antidepressant response can exhibit certain common characteristics in functionally different systems which also participate in disease pathogenesis. There are, however, differences in the astrocyte G-protein responses to antidepressant treatment, indicating that antidepressants differ in their effect on glial signalization. Today mainstream approach to neurobiological basis of depressive disorders and other mood illnesses is linked to abnormalities in transmembrane signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors. Intracellular signalization cascade modulation results in the activation of transcription factors with subsequent increased production of a wide array of products including growth factors and to changes in cellular activity and reactivity., M. Páv, H. Kovářů, A. Fišerová, E. Havrdová, V. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Neopterin, derivát pteridinu, je produkován v signifikantním množství lidskými monocyty-makrofágy po stimulaci interferonem gama. Představuje užitečný a důležitý parametr monitorování akrivace imunitního systému, který doprováži mnoho onemocněni, v poslední době se objevila řada prací spojujících neopterin a 7,8-dihydroneopterin s intracelulárním oxidativním stresem a je popisována i možná spojitost s apoptózou, vyvolanou tímto oxidativním stresem. v souvislosti s tímto pozorováním se výzkum v oblasti pteridinu obrací v současné době k takovým onemocněním, jako je neurodegenerativní onemocnění mozku, Alzheimerova choroba, Parkinsonova choroba a mnoho dalších nemocí, které jsou provázeny ztrátami a změnami nervových buněk. V této práci jsou uvedeny výsledky dvou studií, ve kterých bylo stanovení neopterinu v moči provedeno u dlouhověkých pacientů a které ukazují na možnost využití stanovení neopterinu v moči pro monitorování zdravotního stavu u gerontologických pacientů., Neopterin, a pteridine derivative, is produced in significant quantity by human monocytes/macrophages stimulated by interferon gamma. Neopterin represents an useful and important parameter for monitoring the immune system activation that accompanies different disorders. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated a link between neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin and intracellular oxidative stress, and indicated possible association with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Based on these observations, the research on pteridines is currently being focused on degeneratíve disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other disorders accompanied by loss and disturbances of neural cells. We report here the results of 2 studies in which we investigated urinary neopterin in elderly patients. These studies demonstrate the potential of neopterin determination in the assessment of general health status in the elderly., Dagmar Solichová, Bohuslav Melichar, Miloš Klejna, Lit: 27, and Souhrn: eng