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1. Can primary hyperaldosteronism be considered as a specific form of diabetes mellitus?

Creator:
Jiří Widimský, Strauch, B., Gustav Šindelka, and Jan Škrha
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, inzulin, insulin, primary hyperaldosteronism, specific type, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
J. Widimský Jr., B. Strauch, G. Šindelka, J. Škrha. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Can the gold standard be beaten? How reliable are various modifications of the Synacthen test compared to the insulin tolerance test

Creator:
Mikuláš Kosák, Michaela Dušková, Luboslav Stárka, Jandikova, H., Pospisilova, H., Sramkova, M., Václav Hána, Martin Krsek, Drahomíra Springer, and Kateřina Šimůnková
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article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, fyziologie, insulin, physiology, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
M. Kosak, M. Duskova, L. Starka, H. Jandikova, H. Pospisilova, M. Sramkova, V. Hana, M. Krsek, D. Springer, K. Simunkova. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. CD36 regulates fatty acid composition and sensitivity to insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Creator:
Kontrová, K., Jarmila Zídková, Bartoš, B., Skop, V., Jiří Sajdok, Ludmila Kazdová, Mikulík, K., Petr Mlejnek, Václav Zídek, and Michal Pravenec
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, mastné kyseliny, inzulin, physiology, fatty acids, insulin, CD36, 3T3-L1 adipocyty, interference RNA, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, RNA interference, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that CD36 fatty acid (FA) transporter might affect insulin sensitivity by indirect effects on FA composition of adipose tissue. We examined the effects of CD36 downregulation by RNA interference in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on FA transport and composition and on sensitivity to insulin action. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes, without detectable CD36 protein, showed reduced neutral lipid levels and significant differences in FA composition when levels of essential FA and their metabolites were lower or could not be detected including gamma linolenic (C18:3 n6), eicosadienic (C20:2 n6), dihomo-gamma linolenic (C20:3 n6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (C20:5 n3), docosapentaenoic (DPA) (C22:5 n3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22:6 n3) FA. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibited a significantly higher n6/n3 FA ratio, reduced Δ5-desaturase and higher Δ9-desaturase activities. These lipid profiles were associated with a significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (4.02±0.1 vs. 8.42±0.26 pmol.10-3 cells, P=0.001). These findings provide evidence that CD36 regulates FA composition thereby affecting sensitivity to insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes., K. Kontrová, J. Zídková, B. Bartoš, V. Skop, J. Sajdok, L. Kazdová, K. Mikulík, P. Mlejnek, V. Zídek, M. Pravenec., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Determination of caveolin-1 in renal caveolar and non-caveolar fractions in experimental type 1 diabetes

Creator:
Hana Demová and Radko Komers
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, diabetologie, diabetes mellitus, nemoci ledvin, inzulin, diabetology, kidney diseases, insulin, caveolin-1, type 1 diabetes mellitus, sucrose fractination, losartan, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
1a_Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is the main structural component of caveolae, acting as a modulator of signal transduction. CAV-1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of microvascular complications in Type 1 diabetes (DM). We sought to determine whether fractionation on sucrose gradient (SF), a method routinely utilized for isolation of caveolar fractions in homogenous cell lines, is applicable for CAV-1-related studies in tissues with multiple cell types, such as the normal rat kidney cortex (C). Using this method, we also determined whether streptozotocin- induced DM in rats (4-week duration) leads to changes in renal subcellular targeting of CAV-1, and evaluated the effects of tight metabolic control (insulin, 12 IU /day) and angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan (4 weeks, 20 mg/kg/day). Immunoblotting of individual fractions obtained from C revealed CAV-1 expression in fractions 4-6 that corresponded to light scattering band that typically forms after separating cellular fractions on SF. These fractions were considered to be caveolar fractions. In C, CAV-1 was also detectable in fracti ons 8-10. These and all other fractions except caveolar fractions were considered to be non-caveolar fractions. A ratio of caveolar/non-caveolar expression of CAV-1 (CNCR) was computed for each renal cortex allowing comparisons of CAV-1 subcellular distribution in C and DM rats, and effects of treatments., 2a_Using this approach, DM was characterized by marked increases in CNCR as compared to C (5.54±1.56 vs. 2.65±1.33, p<0. 05) that were reduced by treatment with insulin (0.78±0. 24, p<0.01 vs. DM) or losartan (0.84±0.06, p<0.01 vs. DM). In summary, analysis of CAV-1 following the SF of renal cortex detected similar distribution of the protein as in homogenous cell lines, DM-induced changes in CAV-1 targeting, and the effects of pharmacological treatments. This suggests applicability of SF in studies focusing on CAV-1 targeting in organs with various cell lines in vivo., H. Demová, R. Komers., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Different secretory response of pancreatic islets and insulin secreting cell lines INS-1 and INS-1E to osmotic stimuli

Creator:
Orečná, M., Hafko, R., Bačová, Z., Jarmila Vargová, Dušan Chorvát, and Vladimír Štrbák
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, endokrinologie, inzulin, nádorové buňky, pankreas, endocrinology, insulin, cancer cells, pancreas, cell volume, pancreatic islets, tumor cell line, Ca2+ and exocytosis, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Objective of this study was to characterize osmotically-induced insulin secretion in two tumor cell lines. We compared response of freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets and INS-1 and INS-1E tumor cell lines to high glucose, 30 % hypotonic medium and 20 % hypertonic medium. In Ca2+-containing medium glucose induced insulin release in all three cell types. Hypotonicity induced insulin secretion from islets and INS-1 cells but not from INS-1E cells, in which secretion was inhibited despite similar increase in cell volume in both cell types. GdCl3 (100 μmol/l) did not affect insulin response from INS-1E cells to hypotonic challenge. Hypertonic medium inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion from islets but not from tumor cells. Noradrenaline (1 μmol/l) inhibited glucose-induced but not swelling-induced insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Surprisingly, perifusion with Ca2+-depleted medium showed distinct secretory response of INS-1E cells to hypotonicity while that of INS-1 cells was partially inhibited. Functioning glucose-induced insulin secretion is not sufficient prerequisite for hypotonicity-induced response in INS-1E cells suggesting that swelling-induced exocytosis is not essential step in the mechanism mediating glucose-induced insulin secretion. Both cell lines are resistant to inhibitory effect of hyperosmolarity on glucose-induced insulin secretion. Response of INS-1E cells to hypotonicity is inhibited by the presence of Ca2+ in medium., M. Orečná, R. Hafko, Z. Bačová, J. Podskočová, D. Chorvát Jr., V. Štrbák., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Effect of leptin and insulin on chick embryonic muscle cells and hepatocytes

Creator:
Dalma Lamošová and Zeman, M.
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, leptin, svalové buňky, insulin, muscle cells, chick embryo, hepatocytes, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In the present study we used the primary cultures of chick embryonic muscle and liver cells as a model for potential mutual combination effects of leptin and insulin, respectively. The influence of both hormones on the proliferation and protein synthesis was dose-dependent and related to the age of embryos from which the cells were isolated. Leptin (10 and 100 ng/well) increased the proliferation (estimated by DNA content and incorporation of labeled thymidine into DNA) and protein synthesis (determined by incorporation of labeled leucine into proteins) of muscle cells. The effect of leptin and insulin in muscle cells was similar. In younger embryo (11-day-old) the lower dose of leptin was more effective than the higher one compared to the insulin effect. Mutual effects of leptin and insulin were neither additive nor synergistic and were equivalent to the effects of individual hormones. In hepatocytes the influence of leptin was dependent on the age at which the cells were isolated (11- and 19-day-old embryos). The presence of insulin neither potentiated nor inhibited the effect of leptin., D. Lamošová, M. Zeman., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Effects of adenosine A1 receptor antagonism on insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets

Creator:
Zywert, A., Szkudelska, K., and Szkudelski, T.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, adenosin, insulin, adenosine, secretion, islets, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Adenosine is known to influence different kinds of cells, including β-cells of the pancreas. However, the role of this nucleoside in the regulation of insulin secretion is not fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of adenosine A1 receptor antagonism on insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic islets were tested using DPCPX, a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. It was demonstrated that pancreatic islets stimulated with 6.7 and 16.7 mM glucose and exposed to DPCPX released significantly more insulin compared with islets incubated with glucose alone. The insulin-secretory response to glucose and low forskolin appeared to be substantially pote ntiated by DPCPX, but DPCPX was ineffective in the presence of glucose and high forskolin. Moreover, DPCPX failed to change insulin secretion stimulated by the combination of glucose and dibutyryl-cAMP, a non-hydrolysable cAMP analogue. Studies on pancreatic islets also revealed that the potentiating effect of DPCPX on glucose-induced insulin secretion was attenuated by H-89, a selective inhibitor of protein kinase A. It was also demonstrated that fo rmazan formation, reflecting metabolic activity of cells, was enhanced in islets exposed to DPCPX. Moreover, DPCPX was found to increase islet cAMP content, whereas ATP was not significantly changed. These results indicate that adenosine A1 receptor blockade in rat pancreatic islets potentiates insulin secretion induced by both physiological and supraphysiological glucose concentrations. This effect is proposed to be due to increased metabolic activity of cells and increased cAMP content., A. Zywert, K. Szkudelska, T. Szkudelski., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Effects of atorvastatin and insulin in vascular dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes

Creator:
Sena, C. M., Matafome, P., Louro, T., Nunes, E., and Seiça, R. M.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endoteliální dysfunkce, inzulin, endothelial dysfunction, insulin, type 2 diabetes, atorvastatin, Goto-Kakizaki rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Atorvastatin and insulin have distinct mechanisms of action to improve endothelial function. Therefore, we hypothesized that atorvastatin and insulin therapies alone or in combination could have beneficial effects on en dothelium-dependent vascular reactivity, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic parameters in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes fed with atherogenic diet (GKAD). In parallel with the development of diabetes and lipid profile, the generation of oxidative stress was determined by measurement of lipid peroxides and oxidized proteins and the presence of inflammation was evaluated by assessing C-reactive protein (CRP). Additionally, endothe lial dependent and independent vascular sensitivity to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were evaluated. GKAD showed increased carbonyl stress, inflammation, fasting glycemia, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction when compared to control GK rats. Noteworthy, supplementation with insulin deteriorated endothelial dysfunction while atorvastatin induced an improvement. Atorvastatin and insulin therapies in combination improved metabolic parameters, CRP levels and insulin resistance indexes and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction in GKAD rats while they were unable to reduce urinary 8-isoprostranes and plasma carbonyl compounds. The therapeutic association of atorvastatin and insulin provided a better metabolic control with a reduction in endothelial dysfunction in GKAD rats by a mechanism that involves an improvement in systemic inflammation., C. M. Sena ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Expression of lipolytic genes in adipose tissue is differentially regulated during multiple phases of dietary intervention in obese women

Creator:
Koppo, K., Valle, C., Šiklová-Vítková, M., Czudková, E., Glisezinski, I. de, Woorde, J. van de, Langin, D., and Vladimír Štich
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, insulin, adipocytes, hypocaloric diet, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
K. Koppo ... [et. al.]. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Fasting insulin pulsatile secretion in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Creator:
Grimmichová, Tereza, Jana Vrbíková, Petr Matucha, Karel Vondra, Veldhuis, P. P., and Johnson, M. L.
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print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, inzulin, pulz (lékařství), syndrom polycystických ovarií, diabetes mellitus, endocrinology, insulin, pulse, polycystic ovary syndrome, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of our study was to evaluate rapid insulin pulses and insulin secretion regularity in fasting state in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison to lean healthy women. PCOS (n=8) and controls (n=7) underwent every minute blood sampling for 60 min. Insulin pulsatility was assessed by deconvolution and insulin secretion regularity by approximate entropy methodology. PCOS had higher testosterone (p<0.02), prolactin (p<0.05) and lower sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (p<0.0006) levels than controls. Approximate entropy, insulin pulse frequency, mass, amplitude and interpulse interval did not differ between PCOS and controls. PCOS had broader insulin peaks determined by a common half-duration (p<0.07). Burst mass correlated positively with testosterone (p<0.05) and negatively with SHBG (p<0.0004) and common half-duration correlated positively with prolactin (p<0.008) and cortisol levels (p<0.03). Approximate entropy positively correlated with BMI (p<0.04) and prolactin (p<0.03). Lean PCOS patients tended to have broader insulin peaks in comparison to healthy controls. Prolactin, androgens and cortisol might participate in alteration of insulin secretion in PCOS-affected women. Body weight and prolactin levels could influence insulin secretion regularity., T. Grimmichová, J. Vrbíková, P. Matucha, K. Vondra, P. P. Veldhuis, M. L. Johnson., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public