Podáváme přehled současných názorů na kombinační léčbu a na postavení fixních kombinací v léčbě hypertenze podle doporučení ESH/ESC a ČSH z roku 2013. Mezi nejčastěji doporučované dvojkombinace patří blokátor renin-angiotenzinového systému (ACEI nebo sartan) a blokátor vápníku, dále blokátor renin-angiotenzinového systému a diuretikum a blokátor vápníku a diuretikum. V roce 2014 se na českém trhu objevila fixní kombinace ACE inhibitor (perindopril), blokátor vápníku (amlodipin) a diuretikum (indapamid). Ve studii the PIANIST u 4 731 nedostatečně kontrolovaných hypertoniků fixní trojkombinace perindopril, amlodipin a indapamid vedla ke snížení krevního tlaku o 28,3/13,8 mm Hg a k dostatečné kontrole hypertenze u 92 % nemocných. Výhoda fixních kombinací je především ve větší komplianci nemocného, a tím v lepší kontrole hypertenze. Trojkombinaci k dobré kontrole tlaku potřebuje asi třetina hypertoniků., We present an overview of the present views on combination treatment and on fixed combinations in the treatment of hypertension according to guidelines of ESH/ESC and ČSH from 2013. The most frequently recommended dual combinations include a blocker of the renin-angiotensin system (ACEI or sartan) and a calcium channel blocker, and further a blocker of the renin-angiotensin system and a diuretic and a calcium channel blocker and a diuretic. In 2014 a fixed-dose combination of an ACE inhibitor (perindopril), a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an diuretic (indapamide) appeared on the Czech market. Within the PIANIST study including 4 731 insufficiently controlled hypertensives, a fixed-dose triple combination of perindopril, amlodipine and indapamide led to a decrease in blood pressure by 28.3/13.8 mm Hg and to a sufficient control of hypertension in 92 % of patients. The advantage of fixed combinations primarily consists in greater compliance of patients and thereby in a better control of hypertension. About 1/3 of hypertensives need a triple combination for a satisfactory blood pressure control., and Jindřich Špinar, Jiří Vítovec, Lenka Špinarová, Miroslava Bendová
Participation of Human Subjects in a Clinical Trial is the fundamental part of Medical Research. Human Subject's participation depends on the willingness of the potential Subjects to volunteer in such a Clinical Trial. The Subject's motivations for the Clinical Trial participation diverse based on the different motivational factors. Patient's deciding whether to participate in a Clinical trial or not is influenced mainly by the current Patient’s health status and the possibility of the available standard therapy in the treatment of a serious or a life-threatening illness. The important role in the Patient decision process takes the close relationship Physician-Patient. There is no consensus among Scientists whether the Patient’s expected therapeutic benefit using the new medicinal product is the most motivational factor for the Clinical trial participation or not. Some of the latter research has concluded that some Patients frequently overestimate the chance of benefit from particular treatment. However the Patient's expectations of the potential therapeutic benefit do not depend on the Patient's correct understandings of the Clinical Trial purpose. The Patient’s willingness to contribute to the progress of medicine and desire to help other Patients is secondary consideration for the Clinical Trial participation which is reported in the medical journals. Especially Patients suffering from a life-threatening illness report altruistic reasons however this will not exclude them to expect the potential personal benefit as well. The indirect costs reimbursement to Patients during the Clinical Trial participation might motivate many potential participants for the Clinical Trial participation. This article sought to present the most frequent Subject's Expected Benefit from the Clinical Trial participation in the context of the Patient being engaged in Medical Research. Gaining a deeper understanding of this topic might be benefited for both Researchers and Physicians., Olga Norková, and Literatura 18
Background: There is emerging molecular evidence concerning the modification of miR expression pattern after the treatment with chemopreventive agents. We investigated whether a potential chemopreventive agent called "Procont" deriving from a biological system has a positive effect on the DMBA induced dysregulation of let7 a, miR21 and miR146a miRNAs. Materials and Methods: CBA/CA H2k inbred mice were fed by Procont for 7 days before the intraperitoneal injection of DMBA. After one week of the beginning of Procont diet we analized the let7a, miR21, miR146a gene expression in vital organs of mice. Results: The Procont feeding significantly decreased all of the investigated miRNA expression compared with either the mice on a normal diet in the control group or mice were exposed to DMBA alone. Conclusion: The results indicate that "Procont" diet has a potential chemopreventive effect in mice exposed to DMBA., Mónika Szirmai, Krisztina Juhász, András Bertha, Katalin Gombos, Katalin Gőcze, Ingrid Magda, Péter Révész, István Ember, and Literatura
Glukokortikoidy jsou deriváty přirozeného lidského glukokortikoidu kortizolu. Jsou po více než 65 let používány v léčbě řady nemocí a poruch, především pro své imunosupresivní vlastnosti. Jejich použití je však provázeno radou vedlejších účinků, které musíme při léčbě pacientů vzít do úvahy. Článek shrnuje biologické účinky glukokortikoidů, hlavní indikace pro jejich použití, jejich vedlejší účinky a preventivní opatření, která musíme mít na mysli v průběhu léčby., Glucocorticoids are derivatives of natural human glucocorticoid cortisol. There are used for treatment of a number of diseases and disorders for more than 65 years mainly because of their immunosuppressive properties. However, their use is accompanied by various side effects that have to be considered when treating patients. The article summarizes biological effects of glucocorticoids, main indications for their use, their side effects and precautions necessary to bear in mind during treatment., and Michal Kršek