The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure and application of the same drug in adulthood on cognitive functions of adult male rats tested in Morris water maze (MWM). Adult male rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg), saline or no injection were examined. Half of the animals were injected daily with MA (1 mg/kg) after finishing the testing. Three types of tests were used: (1) “Place navigation test” (Learning), (2) “Probe test” and (3) “Retention memory test” (Memory). Our results showed that prenatal MA exposure did not affect the test of learning and the Probe test. In the test of memory prenatally MA-exposed rats showed smaller search errors and used spatial strategies more than both control groups. Further, MA application in adulthood prolonged trajectories, increased the incidence of random search and decreased the incidence of direct swim in the Place navigation test. In addition, MA administration in adulthood increased the speed of swimming regardless of prenatal exposure. The present study thus demonstrates that 1) Prenatal MA exposure does not affect learning in the MWM, 2) Prenatal MA exposure improves performance in the Retention memory test in the MWM, and 3) MA application in adulthood impairs learning in the Morris water maze., B. Schutová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article is devoted to the ways of determining the directions in the texts from the Czechlands written between the 12th and 14th centuries and focuses on an analysis of two types of texts of different character and purpose - chronicles and charters. It first describes the symbolic meaning of the cardinal directions in medieval culture and traces its reflection in the texts from the Czech milieu. It follows the loss of the symbolic meaning of the cardinal directions in the later period and vulgarisation of the usage of their titles, which is manifested in the function of the descriptions of detailed situations dealing with everyday life. The author further deals with the other ways of marking certain directions, the most natural of which is perhaps marking according to the right and left hands. and Tomáš Klimek.