Several studies have investigated the association between infection with Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908), pregnancy and fertility, but the results of studies focused on the fertility are rather ambiguous. Here we report results of four new cross-sectional studies. The studies were performed in the General University Hospital, Prague (study A with n = 1 165, and study C with n = 317), in private clinics of the Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Prague (study B with n = 1 016), and in a population of Czech and Slovak volunteers from the Facebook page 'Guinea Pigs' willing to participate in various basic science studies (study D with n = 524). In studies A and B, the clinical records were used to assess the fertility problems, whereas in studies C and D, the women were asked to rate their fertility problems using a six-point scale. Pregnant T. gondii-infected women were older than T. gondii-free women (study A: 33.1 vs 31.2, P < 0.001; study B: 30.6 vs 29.6, P = 0.012) and more often used assisted reproductive technology to conceive (study A: 17.2% vs 12.4%, P = 0.041; study B: 13.4% vs 9.2%, P = 0.317). Pregnant T. gondii-infected primiparous women were older than T. gondii-free primiparas (study A: 31.1 vs 29.5, P < 0.001; study B: 29.7 vs 28.9, P = 0.064) and more often used assisted reproductive technology to conceive (study A: 24.7% vs 14.4%, P = 0.010; study B: 15.9% vs 15.5%, P = 0.888). T. gondii-infected women reported to take a longer time to conceive than T. gondii-free women (P = 0.015). They also claimed to have more fertility problems than T. gondii-free women (P < 0.0001). Our results suggest that 'asymptomatic' latent toxoplasmosis could be a more serious source of fertility problems and health-associated burden than more severe but far rarer congenital toxoplasmosis., Šárka Kaňková, Jaroslav Flegr, Pavel Calda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Otázka přetrvávajícího nepoměrnéého zastoupení žen v matematice, fyzice a technických vědách je zajímavá vědecky i společensky. Dávno pryč je doba, kdy bylo nutno probojovávat vůbec samotnou příležitost žen v přírodních a exaktních vědách působit. Připomeňme si zde tyto zašlé časy textem profesora Augusta Seydlera, otištěným v Květech roku 1883. and August Seydler.
Sofia Kovalevskaya was not only a great Russian mathematician, but also a writer and advocate of women's rights in the 19th century. After concluding her sexondary schooling, Sofia was determined to continue her education at the university level. She travelled to Heidelberg to study mathematics, but discovered there that as a woman she could not graduate. In 1870 she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Meierstrass, in 1874 she was granted a Ph.D. from the Göttingen University. In 1883 she received an invitation from Gösta Mittag-Leffler to lecture at the University of Stockholm. Sophia's most famous work is on the theory of partial differential equations, and on the rotation of a solid body about a fixed point. Sophia died very young, at the age of 41, from pneumonia., Ivo Kraus., and Obsahuje bibliografii