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1304. Adaptace pacientů hospitalizovaných v dětském a adolescentním věku po suicidálním pokusu

Creator:
Jiří Koutek and Jana Kocourková
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, adolescence, psychopatologie, sebepoškozování, psychology, psychopathology, self-mutilation, suicidální pokus, katamnesa, psychosociální adaptace, suicide attempt, catamnesis, psychosocial adaptation, self-harm, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
2005 po suicidálním pokusu byl zaslán anonymní katamnestický dotazník, zaměřený na psychosociální adaptaci, psychopatologické projevy včetně suicidálního jednání. Návratnost činila 29 %, resp. 38 % ze všech dosažitelných. 23 % souboru je nezaměstnaných. 68 % mělo někdy přání být mrtvý nebo ublížit si, 36 % si dělalo plány na suicidium, 18 % se opět o ně pokusilo, jeden respondent opakovaně. U 41 % se vyskytovalo sebepoškozování, u 36 % bylo užití drog v posledním roce, 27 % pije vícekrát týdně alkohol, 73 % kouří cigarety. Pouze menšina (36 %) byla po propuštění v psychiatrické péči, i když tato byla doporučena ve všech případech. Uváděné obtíže svědčí o trvajícím suicidálním riziku., Anonymous catamnestic questionnaire, focused on psychosocial adaptation and psychopathological symptoms including suicide behaviour was sent to 77 patients hospitalized in 2004-2005 after a suicide attempt. Return of the questionnaire was 29 %, precisely 38% of those within reach. 23 % of the sample are unemployed. 68 % have sometimes wished to be dead or to hurt themselves, 36 % have made suicide plans, 18 % repeated suicide attempt, one respondent repeatedly. In 41 % self-harm occurred, 36 % have taken drugs in the course of last year. 27 % drink alcohol more than once a week and 73 % smoke cigarettes. Even though a psychiatric follow-up had been recommended to every patient discharged from the clinic, only a minority of them (36 %) underwent it. To conclude, the reported problems indicate a persistent suicide risk., Jiří Koutek, Jana Kocourková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1305. Adaptácia a orientačné overovanie psychometrických charakteristík Testu životnej orientácie LOT-R

Creator:
Kövérová, Miroslava and Ján Ferjenčík
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, psychology, dispositional optimism, adaptation of LOT-R, positive psychology, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Štúdia informuje o výsledkoch slovenskej adaptácie Testu životnej orientácie LOT-R. V jej rámci bola overovaná faktorová štruktúra nástroja a zisťované informácie týkajúce sa jeho reliability a validity. Údaje získané od 226 stredoškolákov (119 chlapcov, 107 dievčat) vo vekovom rozpätí 16-19 rokov boli s pomocou balíka IBM Amos podrobené dvom konfirmatórnym faktorovým analýzam testujúcim plauzibilitu jednofaktorového a dvojfaktorového modelu štruktúry LOT-R. Výsledky preukázali, že formálne spĺňali oba modely v uspokojivej miere kritériá pre ich prijatie ako vzájomne si konkurujúce reprezentácie faktorovej štruktúry nástroja. Napriek tomu, že dvojfaktorové riešenie reprodukovalo pôvodné údaje s vyššou mierou presnosti, možno ho pre vysokú koreláciu medzi oboma faktormi a sémantickú homogénnosť položiek považovať zrejme skôr za artefakt zodpovedajúci existencii raz pozitívne, inokedy negatívne artikulovaných položiek, než reflektovanie kvalitatívne dištinktívnych dimenzií. Výsledky tak okrem iného demonštrujú potrebu zohľadňovať v obdobných analýzach nielen úzko ohraničené štatisticko-matematické hľadiská, ale prinajmenej v rovnakej miere aj logické a sémantické kritériá. V druhej časti príspevku sú prezentované výsledky overovania reliability a validity získané z údajov 54 vysokoškolských študentov. Dosiahnuté test-retestové korelácie naznačujú na vysokú stabilitu výsledkov v čase (rtt = 0,77 po troch týždňoch, rtt = 0,76 po dvoch mesiacoch a rtt = 0,68 po troch mesiacoch od prvého merania). Akceptovateľná bola i zistená vnútorná konzistentnosť testu (alfa koeficient = 0,73)., a2_Napokon, výsledky korelácií medzi LOT-R a štyrmi inými vybranými metodikami ziťujúcimi mieru subjektívnej pohody, sebahodnotenia, nádeje a úzkostlivosti priniesli podporu pre závery o konvergentnej a diskriminačnej validite LOT-R ako nástroja identifikujúceho dispozičný optimizmus., Paper brings information about Slovak adaptation of Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). In this framework, both, factor structure of instrument and reliability and validity of LOT-R were examined. The data obtained from 226 high school students (119 boys, 107 girls) in the age range 16-19 years were put through two confirmatory factor analyses in order to test plausibility of one-factor versus two-factor model for LOT-R factor structure. Results showed that both models fulfill acceptably criteria for their confirmation as concurring factor representations of LOT-R structure. Although the two-factor model reproduced original data with a higher accuracy, this solution should be considered rather as an artifact of differently articulated items (positively and negatively) but holding semantics of the same quality. Very high correlation between both factors which was found in confirmatory analysis supports this issue, too. In second part of paper, results of reliability and validity examinations (based on the data received from the sample of 54 university students) are reported. Test- retest correlations show that LOT-R results are sufficiently stabile over time (rtt = 0.77 for three weeks span, rtt = 0.76 for two months span and rtt = 0.68 for three monhts span). Also internal consistency of the test was acceptable (Alpha coefficient = 0.73). Finally, correlations between LOT-R and four other instruments measuring subjective well-being, self-esteem, hope and anxiosity have offered support for convergent and discriminatory validity of the LOT-R as an instrument measuring dispositional optimism., and Miroslava Kövérová, Ján Ferjenčík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1306. Adaptation of the heart to hypertension is associated with maladaptive gap junction connexin-43 remodeling

Creator:
Marcela Fialová, Katarína Dlugošová, Ľudmila Okruhlicová, Kristek, F., Manoach, M., and Narcisa Tribulová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, hypertenze, srdeční arytmie, physiology, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, gap junction remodeling, connexin-43, malignant arrhythmias, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We hypothesized that hypertension-related myocardial remodeling characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis might be accompanied by cell-to-cell gap junction alterations that may account for increased arrhythmogenesis. Intercellular junctions and expression of gap junction protein connexin-43 were analyzed in rat heart tissues from both spontaneous (SHR) and L-NAME model of hypertension. Isolated heart preparation was used to examine susceptibility of the heart to lethal ventricular fibrillation induced by low potassium perfusion. Ultrastructure observation revealed enhanced neoformation of side-to-side type while internalization of end-to-end type (intercalated disc-related) of gap junctions prevailed in the myocardium of rats suffering from either spontaneous or L-NAME-induced hypertension. In parallel, immunolabeling showed increased number of connexin-43 positive gap junctions in lateral cell membrane surfaces, particularly in SHR. Besides, focal loss of immunopositive signal was observed more frequently in hearts of rats treated with L-NAME. There was a significantly higher incidence of hypokalemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in hypertensive compared to normotensive rat hearts. We conclude that adaptation of the heart to hypertension-induced mechanical overload results in maladaptive gap junction remodeling that consequently promotes development of fatal arrhythmias., M. Fialová, K. Dlugošová, L. Okrouhlicová, F. Kristek, M. Manoach, N. Tribulová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a biblioigrafické údaje
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1307. Adaptive significance of the prolonged diapause in the western Mediterranean lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Creator:
Obregón, Rafael, Haeger, Juan Fernández, and Jordano, Diego
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, konkurence, motýli, competition, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Tomares ballus, prolonged diapause, evolutive adaptation, changing environment, parasitoids, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Diapause is a common dormancy strategy exhibited by many species of invertebrates and insects to temporarily avoid seasonally recurring unfavourable conditions for their development, most usually in winter. Less frequently, a prolonged diapause lasting two or more years is described in species living in unpredictable environments where it is adaptive, but with significant costs. In this paper we examine the occurrence of prolonged diapause in the lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus. Pupae of this species undergo an obligate diapause from mid-May to late January the following year. However, during our rearing experiments (from 2009 to 2016) the emergence of adults occurred sequentially and a fraction of the pupae remained in diapause for up to seven years. The annual percentage emergence after the first year of diapause was 45.6%, and only barely exceeded 50.0% in 2015. Remarkably, 12 pupae (11.4% of the initial brood) remained in diapause in their eighth year. The negative exponential equation fitted to the emergence data suggests that further emergences may occur within the next five years. Therefore, the potential for successful prolonged diapause of T. ballus pupae may be more than 10 years. The adaptive value of this strategy is discussed in relation to the effects of adverse and unpredictable weather during the flight period of the butterfly, intra-guild competition, parasitoids and changes in habitat quality. We suggest that this strategy may also be exhibited by other species of Mediterranean lycaenids., Rafael Obregón, Juan Fernández Haeger, Diego Jordano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1308. Adaptivní fylogeografie: od molekulárních markerů k funkčním genům

Creator:
Kotlík, Petr, Marková, Silvia, Filipi, Karolína, Strážnická, Michaela, and Searle, Jeremy B.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, biologie, fylogeografie, adaptace živočichů, savci, genetika živočichů, animal adaptation, biology, phylogeography, mammals, animal genetics, Velká Británie, Great Britain, adaptivní fylogeografie, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Dlouhou dobu se předpokládalo, že populace obývající určitá území Evropy také tato území na konci doby ledové kolonizovaly jako první. Nové výzkumy však ukázaly, že v některých případech byla první příchozí populace později nahrazena jinou, pocházející z jiného glaciálního refugia. Náš článek ukazuje, že k takovému nahrazení jedné populace druhou došlo při kolonizaci Velké Británie norníkem rudým (Clethrionomys glareolus) a že při tom hrály roli fyziologické adaptace způsobené mutací v hemoglobinu., It has long been assumed that the populations that first colonized particular empty territory after the last ice age have remained there until the present day. However, recent findings in small mammals suggest that replacements involving a population from one glacial refugium at the cost of a population from another refugium may have been a not infrequent event. The article demonstrates that such population replacement took place during post-glacial colonization of Great Britain by the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and that physiological differences conferred by haemoglobin have probably played a role in this process., and Petr Kotlík, Silvia Marková, Karolína Filipi, Michaela Strážnická, Jeremy B. Searle.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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