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1912. ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters in Human Metabolism and Diseases
- Creator:
- Štefková, J., Poledne, R., and Hubáček, J.A.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- ABC transporter, Lipid metabolism, Cholesterol, and Mutation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of active transporters involves a large number of functionally diverse transmembrane proteins. They transport a variety of substrates including amino acids, lipids, inorganic ions, peptides, saccharides, metals, drugs, and proteins. The ABC transporters not only move a variety of substrates into and out of the cell, but also are also involved in intracellular compartmental transport. Energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to transport the substrate across the membrane against a concentration gradient. The typical ABC transporter consists of two transmembrane domains and two nucleotide-binding domains. Defects in 14 of these transporters cause 13 genetic diseases (cystic fibrosis, Stargardt disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, Tangier disease, etc.). Mutations in three genes affect lipid levels expressively. Mutations in ABCA1 cause severe HDL deficiency syndromes called Tangier disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency, which are characterized by a severe deficiency or absence of high-density lipoprotein in the plasma. Two other ABCG transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8, mutations of which cause sitosterolemia, have been identified. The affected individuals absorb and retain plant sterols, as well as shellfish sterols.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1913. Atraktivita a důveryhodnost
- Creator:
- Šrámková, Lenka
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzická atraktivita, osobní atraktivita, důvěryhodnost, atraktivita tváře, policie, physical attractiveness, personal attractiveness, credibility, face attractiveness, and police
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jelikoţ je atraktivita často diskutovaným tématem, tato studie se jí zabývá jakoţto fenoménem sociální psychologie, především jejím vlivem při sociálním kontaktu. Provizorně byla zmapována orientační typologie lidí podle vzhledu (dvanáct kategorií) a do nich byli nalezeni vhodní zástupci. Cílem výzkumu pak bylo zjistit pořadí kategorií podle vnímané atraktivity a přisuzované důvěryhodnosti a vztah mezi těmito dvěma komponentami. Fotografie jsou portrétové a je jich čtyřiadvacet (dvanáct muţů a dvanáct ţen). Hlavním cílem tohoto šetření je však především připravit podklad pro plánovaný výzkum vlivu fyzické atraktivity člověka na jeho posouzení a ohodnocení jinými lidmi, konkrétně dopravními policisty, protoţe právě oni jsou často vystaveni rozhodování se na základě „prvního dojmu“. Respondenti tohoto předvýzkumu byli muţi ve věku 20 – 35 let, budoucí policisté, kteří portrétované subjekty osobně neznali. Výsledky ukázaly korelaci mezi percipovanou atraktivitou a přisuzovanou důvěryhodností (r = 0,538 pro muţe a r = 0,668 pro ţeny, resp. r = 0,748 pro muţe, r = 0,864 pro ţeny). Do následujícího výzkumu byly na základě tohoto předvýzkumu vybrány fotografie osob hodnocených jako nejatraktivnější, resp. nejméně atraktivní. and Attractiveness is a widely discusses topic today, this paper focuses on attractiveness as a phenomenon of social psychology and especially on its influence on social contacts. An orientation typology of humans according to their appearance (twelve categories) was mapped out and the appropriate representatives of each category were found. The goal of the research was to state the order of these categories according to perceived attractiveness and ascribed credibility and to trace the relation between these two components. There were twenty-four portrait photographs (twelve men and twelve women). However, the main target of this study was to prepare the background for the planned research on the influence of the physical attractiveness of a person on the way he or she is viewed and evaluated by others, to be more specific, by traffic policemen as they often make decisions based on their "first impression". Respondents were men, 20-35 years old, soon-to-be policemen and they did not personally know the people on the portraits. The results show correlation between the perceived attractiveness and ascribed credibility (r = 0,538 for men and r = 0,668 for women). On the basis of this pre-study, the portraits of persons evaluated as the most attractive and the least attractive were chosen for the following research.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1914. Atrezie hymenu a syndrom inkompletního zdvojení dělohy 15leté dívky: kazuistika
- Creator:
- Rejdová, Ingrid, Zahrádková, Markéta, and Mužíková, D.
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- hymen--chirurgie--patologie, uterus--abnormality--chirurgie--ultrasonografie, anamnéza, dospělí, lidé, and ženské pohlaví
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- I. Rejdová, M. Zahrádková, D. Mužíková
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1915. Atrial contribution to ventricular ejection in sequentially paced patients
- Creator:
- Kvasnička, J., Tauchman, M., Kovář, D., Jandík, J., Gajdošová, I., and Rejchrt, P.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- atrial contribution, pulse pressure, DDD pacing, AV optimization, and AV interval
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new method for quantitative assessment of the atrial contribution to ventricular ejection in sequentially paced patients is described. The atrial contribution (AC) has been defined as the pulse pressure decrement (invasive arterial measurement by a canulla inserted into the brachial artery), expressed in percent of the control pulse pressure, induced by switching off the atrium activating impulse for one beat In 17 patients, the AC was found to be atrioventricular (AV) interval dependent, the measurements were well reproducible (the mean difference between two measurements at different times was 93 %, S.D. 8.4). For the AV interval of 170 ms, it was found to be 29.3 % (+8.9) in patients with the sick sinus syndrome, 27.0 % (+3.2) in patients with complete AV block and only 10.8 % (+2.1) a in patient with complete AV block and heart dysfunction.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1916. Atrioventricular conduction time in fetuses assessed by doppler echocardiography
- Creator:
- Viktor Tomek, Jan Janoušek, Reich, O., Jiří Gilík, Roman Antonín Gebauer, and Jan Škovránek
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, prenatální ultrasonografie, dopplerovská echokardiografie, prenatal ultrasonography, Doppler echocardiography, atrioventricular block, fetus, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We performed measurement of mechanical atri oventricular conduction time intervals in human fetuses assessed by Doppler echocardiography and provided re ference values. We found that atrioventricular cond uction time interval was prolonged with gestational age and decreased with increasing fetal heart rate. No correlation between gestat ional age and heart rate was found. Using normal limits established by this study, mechanical atrioventricular interval >135 ms in the 20th week and/or >145 ms in the 26th week of gestation could be suspected of having the first-degree AV block. We compared reference values with fetuses of mothers with anti-SSA Ro/SSB La autoantibodies, being in risk of isolated congenital heart block development. One of 21 fetuses of mothers with positive autoantibodies was affected by prolonged atrioventricular interval according to the established limits, with sinus rhythm after the birth., V. Tomek ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1917. Atropa Belladonna L. water extract: modulator of extracellular matrix formation in vitro and in vivo
- Creator:
- Petr Gál, Vasilenko, T., Kováč, I., Kostelníková, M., Jakubčo, J., Pavol Szabo, Barbora Dvořánková, František Sabol, Hans-Joachim Gabius, and Karel Smetana
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, phytotherapy, aqueous extract, wound healing, fibroblast, keratinocyte, inflammation, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Previously, we found that treatment of cutaneous wounds with Atropa belladonna L. (AB) revealed shortened process of acute inflammation as well as increased tensile strength and collagen deposition in healing skin wounds (Gál et al. 2009). To better understand AB effect on skin wound healing male SpragueDawley rats were submitted to one round full thickness skin wound on the back. In two experimental groups two different concentrations of AB extract were daily applied whereas the control group remained untreated. For histological evaluation samples were removed on day 21 after surgery and stained for wide spectrum cytokeratin, collagen III, fibronectin, galectin-1, and vimentin. In addition, in the in vitro study different concentration of AB extract were used to evaluate differences in HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation by detection of Ki67 and keratin-19 expressions. Furthermore, to assess ECM formation of human dermal fibroblasts on the in vitro level fibronectin and galectin-1 were visualized. Our study showed that AB induces fibronectin and galectin-1 rich ECM formation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the proliferation of keratinocytes was also increased. In conclusion, AB is an effective modulator of skin wound healing. Nevertheless, further research is needed to find optimal therapeutic concentration and exact underlying mechanism of action., P. Gál ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1918. Attaboy
- Creator:
- Vyskočil, František
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1919. Attachment of human endothelial cells to polyester vascular grafts: pre-coating with adhesive protein assemblies and resistance to short-term shear stress
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Chlupáč, Eva Filová, Riedel, T., Houska, M., Eduard Brynda, Remy-Zolghadri, M., Bareille, R., Fernandez, P., Daculsi, R., Bourget, C., Bordenave, L., and Lucie Bačáková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní cévy, polyethylentereftalát, blood-vessels, polyethylene terephthalate, blood vessel prosthesis, endothelial cells, fibrin, shear stress, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cardiovascular prosthetic bypass grafts do not endothelialize spontaneously in humans, and so they pose a thrombotic risk. Seeding with cells improves thei r performance, particularly in small-caliber applications. Knitted tubular polyethylene- terephthalate (PET) vascular pros theses (6 mm) with commercial type I collagen (PET/Co) were modified in the lumen by the adsorption of laminin (LM), by coating with a fibrin network (Fb) or a combination of Fb and fibronectin (Fb/FN). Primary human saphenous vein endothelial cells were seeded (1.50 × 10 5 /cm 2 ), cultured for 72 h and exposed to laminar shear stress 15 dyn/cm 2 for 40 and 120 min. The control static grafts were excluded from shearing. The cell adherence after 4 h on PET/Co, PET/Co +LM, PET/Co +Fb and PET/Co +Fb/ FN was 22 %, 30 %, 19 % and 27 % of seeding, respectively. Comp ared to the static grafts, the cell density on PET/Co and PET/Co +LM dropped to 61 % and 50 %, respectively, after 120 min of flow. The cells on PET/Co +Fb and PET/Co +Fb/FN did not show any detachment during 2 h of shear stress. Pre-coating the clinically-used PET/Co vascular prosthesis with LM or Fb/FN adhesive protein assemblies promotes the adherence of endothelium. Cell retention under flow is improved particularly on fibrin-containing (Fb and Fb/FN) surfaces., J. Chlupáč ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1920. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered heart rate asymmetry
- Creator:
- Ingrid Tonhajzerová, Igor Ondrejka, Farský, I., Višňovcová, Z., Mešťaník, M., Michal Javorka, Alexander Jurko, and Andrea Čalkovská
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, porucha pozornosti spojená s hyperaktivitou, srdeční rytmus, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, heart rate, ADHD, heart rate asymmetry, heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic regulation, nonlinear analysis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with complex neurocardiac integrity. We aimed to study heart rate time asymmetry as a nonlinear qualitative feature of heart rate variability indicating complexity of cardiac autonomic control at rest and in response to physiological stress (orthostasis) in children suffering from ADHD. Twenty boys with ADHD and 20 healthy age-matched boys at the age of 8 to 12 years were examined. The continuous ECG was recorded in a supine position and during postural change from lying to standing (orthostasis). Time irreversibility indices - Porta’s (P%), Guzik’s (G%) and Ehlers’ (E) - were evaluated. Our analysis showed significantly reduced heart rate asymmetry indices at rest (P%: 49.8 % vs. 52.2 %; G%: 50.2 % vs. 53.2 %; p<0.02), and in response to orthostatic load (P%: 52.4 % vs. 54.5 %, G%: 52.3 % vs. 54.5 %; p<0.05) associated with tachycardia in ADHD children compared to controls. Concluding, our study firstly revealed the altered heart rate asymmetry pattern in children suffering from ADHD at rest as well as in response to posture change from lying to standing (orthostasis). These findings might reflect an abnormal complex cardiac regulatory system as a potential mechanism leading to later cardiac adverse outcomes in ADHD., I. Tonhajzerová, I. Ondrejka, I. Farský, Z. Višňovcová, M. Mešťaník, M. Javorka, A. Jurko Jr., A. Čalkovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public