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26662. The effect of pheochromocytoma treatment on subclinical inflammation and endocrine function of adipose tissue
- Creator:
- Lenka Bošanská, Ondřej Petrák, Tomáš Zelinka, Miloš Mráz, Jiří Widimský, and Martin Haluzík
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, feochromocytomy, záněty, leptin, physiology, pheochromocytoms, inflammations, body weight, adiponectin, resistin, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of surgical removal of pheochromocytoma on the endocrine function of adipose tissue and subclinical inflammation as measured by circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Eighteen patients with newly diagnosed pheochromocytoma were included into study. Anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, serum CRP, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and six months after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma. Surgical removal of pheochromocytoma significantly increased body weight, decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. Serum CRP levels were decreased by 50 % six months after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma (0.49±0.12 vs. 0.23±0.05 mg/l, p<0.05) despite a significant increase in body weight. Serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were not affected by the surgery. We conclude that increased body weight in patients after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma is accompanied by an attenuation of subclinical inflammation probably due to catecholamine normalization. We failed to demonstrate an involvement of the changes in circulating leptin, adiponectin or resistin levels in this process., L. Bošanská ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26663. The effect of phospholipase A2 on mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation
- Creator:
- Rauchová, H., Kalous, M., and Drahota, Z.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- phospholipase A2, free fatty acid, lysophosphatide, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation, and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of cold-adapted hamster is strongly inhibited by phospholipase A2 (PLA2)- Our data show that the glycerol-3-phosphate branch of the respiratory chain is sensitive to PLA2 action more than the succinate branch and that the transfer of reducing equivalents from the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to arteficial electron acceptor is especially sensitive to the PLA2 action.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26664. The effect of pitfall trap construction and preservative on catch size, species richness and species composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
- Creator:
- Knapp, Michal and Růžicka, Jan
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Carabidae, sampling technique, pitfall trap design, bias, propylene glycol, formaldehyde, cup trap, funnel, assemblages similarity, species composition, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pitfall trapping is the most frequently used sampling technique for epigeal arthropods. Trap design could significantly affect the catch so the results of studies using different trap designs may be difficult to compare. Although species composition is frequently investigated in ecological studies, however when pitfall trapping is employed, the effect of trap design on the recorded species composition is rarely considered. In the present study, we investigated the effect of trap construction (funnel or cup trap) and the preservative used (formaldehyde or propylene glycol) on total catch, catch of particular species, species richness and species composition of the ground beetle assemblage sampled. We were interested in the extent to which trap design could bias these characteristics. Total catch was significantly affected by trap construction and preservative used, with the effect of the latter being the stronger. Species richness was only slightly affected by trap design when assemblages caught by traps of a particular type were corrected for unequal sample size. Moreover, we show that the traps of different designs differ in their efficiency for catching particular species of carabid and thus the composition of assemblages recorded using pitfall traps is affected by trap construction and the preservative used. We conclude that to assess the full significance of the effect of pitfall trap design on the results of ecological studies on epigeal arthropods it is necessary to simultaneously use traps of various designs., Michal Knopp, Jan Růžička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26665. The effect of plant quality and temperature on the fitness of Cinara pruinosa (Sternorrhyncha: Lachnidae) on Norway spruce
- Creator:
- Stadler, Bernhard
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lachnidae, Cinara, environmental change, fitness, plant quality, and temperature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Many aspects in the life-history of aphids are critically dependent on the quality of their host plants and prevailing temperature. Therefore, the fitness of an aphid clone will depend on these parameters and will determine its ecological and ultimately its evolutionary success. Measuring and calculating the fitness of an organism in a natural environment is an important but also a difficult task, as many parameters that code for fitness need special assumptions, e.g. a uniform environment or stable age distribution. In this study, three aspects of environmental variability were considered: (a) the nutritional supply of the host plants (high- and low-quality plants), (b) the changes in host plant quality due to the endogenic life cycle of the host and (c) constant and variable temperature regimes. For each of three successive generations of Cinara pruinosa (Hartig) feeding on Picea abies (L.) Karsten, the change in fitness was determined by calculating the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and expected total reproductive success (ETRS) when the aphids were reared under greenhouse (constant temperature) or field (variable temperature) conditions. Nutritional supply, plant life cycle and temperature affected the fitness of aphids, with fluctuating temperatures obscuring the effects. As a consequence, differences in fitness values among treatments were most pronounced under the constant temperature regime of a greenhouse and less marked in the field. If plant quality varies but not temperature, the contribution to clonal fitness of early generations is overestimated in comparison to later generations. The limitations and consequences for the interpretation of fit ness values of aphids are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26666. The effect of prey availability on ovarian development and oosorption in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Osawa, Naoya
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Asymmetry, Harmonia axyridis, Coccinellidae, energy storage, oosorption, ovarian development, oviposition strategy, population dynamics, and predator
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas was investigated under laboratory conditions to clarify the relationship between food abundance or scarcity and ovarian development or oosorption. Four conditions were used: (1) fully fed for 24 h, (2) 24-h starvation, (3) 48-h starvation, and (4) 24-h starvation followed by 24-h re-feeding. Body length and initial body weight were not significantly related to the number of ovarioles per female. Both starvation conditions significantly increased the percentage of oosorptive individuals and ovarioles per female, and significantly decreased the percentage of mature ovarioles per female. Re-feeding for 24 h after a 24-h starvation resulted in a significantly higher percentage of mature ovarioles per female; however, the percentage of mature ovarioles remained lower than in the fully fed condition. Oosorption mainly occurred during the intermediate developmental stage of the ovarioles. The rates of ovarian development and oosorption in predatory H. axyridis were much faster compared with those in herbivorous ladybird beetles. Body length, initial body weight, and the number of ovarioles were significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid during the last 24 h of each experimental condition. From an analysis of the weight loss and the number of eggs laid during the last 24 h of each experimental condition, it appears that the realized weight of the eggs may be directly determined by the amount of food digested by the adult. The ovarian development and oosorption were asymmetric in the right and left ovaries. These may be important strategies for oviposition in H. axyridis, because selective provision of maturing ovarioles in the right or left ovary with digested nutrients would favor their development. In addition, the energy loss through oosorption during the intermediate developmental stage of oocytes would be less than the energy loss resulting from the resorption of mature oocytes. Therefore, one role of the ovary in H. axyridis, in addition to egg production, might be as a kind of energy storage system for increasing reproductive success. An immediate start of ovarian development under favorable feeding conditions and rapid oosorption during food scarcities may be an adaptive ovipositional and survival strategy for female adults of H. axyridis in response to heterogeneous and fluctuating resource conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26667. The effect of psychoemotional load on ventricular repolarization reflected in integral body surface potential maps
- Creator:
- Kellerová, E., Regecová, V., Katina, S., Titomir, L.I. , Aidu, E.A.I. , Trunov, V.G., and Szathmáry , V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Electrocardiology, Depolarization, Repolarization, Body surface potential map, and Mental arithmetic stress test
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the reflection of psychoemotional stress in the body surface potential distribution as documented by isointegral maps of cardiac activation and recovery. In 72 young men (18.3 ± 7.3 y.) with no cardiovascular history body surface potential maps (BSPMs) at rest and during the test of mental arithmetic were recorded. The digitalized data for each point of the QRS, STT and QRST integral maps, for each subject in both situations, were processed and evaluated by methods of univariate as well as spatial mathematical and statistical modeling. The results showed during MA a significant decrease of repolarization integral values over the sternum and right precordium, which contributed to analogically localized decrements also in the QRST BSM. The decrease occurred in more than 2/3 of lead points. The most pronounced changes were observed in the right precordial area, where potentials decreased in more than in 70 % of subjects. In conclusion, the discriminative power of the difference STT and QRST integral maps was strong enough to distinguish the mental arithmetic induced changes in the superficial cardiac electric field. These adrenergic transient alterations in ventricular recovery may be of importance in subjects at risk for ventricular arrhythmias.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26668. The effect of quercetin on light-induced cytotoxicity of hypericin
- Creator:
- Andrej Miroššay, Onderková, H., Ladislav Mirossay, Šarišský, M., and Ján Mojžiš
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, hypericin, quercetin, cell line, oxygen radicals, cytotoxic activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Protective effect of quercetin, a natural antioxidant compound, on hypericin-induced cytotoxicity was studied in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Hypericin (10-5 mol.l-1) alone significantly decreased cell survival to 21 % that found in the controls, whereas in combination with quercetin (10-5 mol.l-1) this decrease was diminished to 46 %. Lower concentrations of quercetin had no protective effect. These findings indicate that oxygen radicals can play an important role in hypericin-induced phototoxic effects., A. Miroššay, H. Onderková, L. Mirossay, M. Šarišský, J. Mojžiš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26669. The effect of rat strain, diet composition and feeding period on the development of a nutritional model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats
- Creator:
- Otto Kučera, Garnol, T., Halka Lotková, Staňková, P., Yvona Mazurová, Miloš Hroch, Bolehovská, R., Tomáš Roušar, and Zuzana Červinková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxidační stres, cytokiny, oxidative stress, cytokines, fatty liver, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this work was to establish and characterize a nutr itional model of NAFLD in rats. Wistar or Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed ad libitum a standard diet (ST-1, 10 % kcal fat), a medium-fat gelled diet (MFGD, 35 % kcal fat) and a high-fat gelled diet (HFGD, 71 % kcal fat) for 3 or 6 weeks. We examined the serum biochemistry, the hepatic malondialdehyde, reduced glut athione (GSH) and cytokine concentration, the respiration of liver mitochondria, the expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) mRNA in the liver and histopathological samples. Feeding with MFGD and HFGD in Wistar rats or HFGD in Sprague-Dawley rats induced small-droplet or mixed steatosis without focal infl ammation or necrosis. Compared to the standard diet, there were no significant differences in serum biochemical parameters, except lower concentrations of triacylglycerols in HFGD and MFGD groups. Liver GSH was decreased in rats fed HFGD for 3 weeks in comparison with ST-1. Higher hepatic malondialdehyde was found in both strains of rats fed HFGD for 6 weeks and in Sprague-Dawley groups using MFGD or HFGD for 3 weeks vs. the standard diet. Expression of UCP-2 mRNA was increased in Wistar rats fed MFGD and HFGD for 6 weeks and in Sprague-Dawley rats using HFGD for 6 weeks compared to ST-1. The present stud y showed that male Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats fed by HFGD developed comparable simple steatosis without signs of progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis under our experimental conditions., O. Kučera ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26670. The effect of regular physical activity on the left ventricle systolic function in patients with chronic coronary artery disease
- Creator:
- Roman Panovský, Pavel Kukla, Radek Jančár, Jaroslav Meluzín, Jiří Jančík, Vladimír Kincl, Poloková, K., Mífková, L., Alena Havelková, Látalová, R., Petr Dobšák, and Martin Pešl
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, věnčité tepny, coronary arteries, coronary artery disease, aerobic training, left ventricle systolic function, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- b1_The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of aerobic training on the left ventricular(LV) systolic function. Thirty patients with stable coronary artery disease, who had participated in the conducted 3-month physical training, were retrospectively divided into 2 co horts. While patients in the cohort I(n=14) had continued training individually for 12 months, patients in the cohort II(n=16) had stopped training after finishing the conducted program. Rest and stress dobutamine/atropine echocardiography was performed in all patients before the training program and 1 year later. The peak systolic velocities of mitral annulus (Sa) were assessed by tissue Doppler imaging for individual LV walls. In addition, to determine global LV systolic longitudinal function, the four-site mean systolic velocity was calculated (Sa glob). According to the blood supply, left ventricular walls were divided into 5 groups: A-walls supplied by nonstenotic artery; B-walls supplied by coronary artery with stenosis ≤ 50 %; C-walls supplied by coronary artery with stenosis 51-70 %; D-walls with stenosis of supplying artery 71-99 %; and E-walls with totall y occluded supplying artery. In global systolic function, the follow-up values of Sa glob in cohort I were improved by 0.23±0.36 as compared with baseline values at rest, and by 1.26±0.65 cm/s at the maximal load, while the values of Sa glob in cohort II were diminished by 0.53±0.22(p=NS), and by 1.25±0.45 cm/s(p<0.05), respectively. Concerning the resting regional function, the only significant difference between cohorts in follow-up changes was found in walls E:0.37±0.60 versus -1.76± 0.40 cm/s(p<0.05). At the maximal load, the significant difference was found only in walls A(0.16±0.84 versus -2.67±0.87 cm/s; p<0.05)., b2_Patients with regular 12-month physical activity improved their global left ventricle systolic function mainly due to improvement of contractility in walls supplied by a totally occluded coronary artery., R. Panovský ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public