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793. Adaptability of students with different individual and typological peculiarities of vegetative functions regulation

Creator:
Tananakina, Tatiana, Lila, Natalya, Ivasenko, Anzhelika, Bolgov, Dmitrij, Mavrich, Svetlana, and Modna, Yuliya
Format:
electronic, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, hodnotící studie, and TEXT
Subject:
adaptace fyziologická, autonomní nervový systém--fyziologie, fyziologické jevy, srdeční frekvence--fyziologie, časná diagnóza, hodnocení rizik, mladiství, dospělí, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, studenti, and výchova, vzdělávání
Language:
English
Description:
In the last decade the health of young people in Ukraine as well as in many other countries of the world significantly deteriorated according to the results of screening tests. Because of this the main task of prophylactic medicine is development and introduction of new methods of early diagnostics of diseases. The aim of the work to assess the peculiarities of adaptation of students with different types of vegetative regulation. Material and methods: 415 second year students of Lugansk State Medical University were tested. The mechanisms of physiological functions of the body regulation were assessed by registration of cardiac rhythm variability (CRV). Analysis of CRV was performed by three methods: statistical, geometrical, and spectral analysis. The express method proposed by Shlyk, N.I. (2009) was later used to determine the prevailing type of vegetative regulation. To assess adaptability the method of R.M. Baevskij (1979) was used. Results: In the result of investigation 4 types of functional states of regulatory systems were determined: I type 295 (71 %) of tested, II in 14 (3 %), III in 96 (23 %) and IV only in 10 (2%). I type of functional state of regulatory systems in the wakeful state at rest was characterized by moderate prevalence of central regulation of heart rhythm (MPCR), decreased activity of autonomic regulation. It was noticed that some of the parameters of CRV (like R­R, SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50) which characterize autonomic regulation, were statistically lowere (р≤0.01) compared to type III, and some (like AMo and SI) higher, in both female and male students. Summarized spectrum capacity and components of its wave structure (HF, LF, VLF) which characterize central regulation were statistically significantly lower (р≤0.01) for the I type of regulation compared to the III one which is characterized by moderate prevalence of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm. In female students with type I autonomic regulation compared to male students such CRV parameters as R­R and AМo were statistically significantly lower (р≤0.05), while the parameters of total potency (TP) and high frequency waves (HF) were higher (р≤0.05), which could point to more centralized heart rhythm regulation in male compared to female. The evaluation of regulatory systems overstress allowed to determine the state of adaptation and risk of overstress or breakdown in students with different types of autonomic regulation. Conclusions: Thus, evaluation of adaptation state in students with different types of autonomic regulation allows to characterize the current functional state and uncover the risk of disease development., Tatiana Tananakina, Natalya Lila, Anzhelika Ivasenko, Dmitrij Bolgov, Svetlana Mavrich, Yuliya Modna, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

794. Adaptace pacientů hospitalizovaných v dětském a adolescentním věku po suicidálním pokusu

Creator:
Jiří Koutek and Jana Kocourková
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, adolescence, psychopatologie, sebepoškozování, psychology, psychopathology, self-mutilation, suicidální pokus, katamnesa, psychosociální adaptace, suicide attempt, catamnesis, psychosocial adaptation, self-harm, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
2005 po suicidálním pokusu byl zaslán anonymní katamnestický dotazník, zaměřený na psychosociální adaptaci, psychopatologické projevy včetně suicidálního jednání. Návratnost činila 29 %, resp. 38 % ze všech dosažitelných. 23 % souboru je nezaměstnaných. 68 % mělo někdy přání být mrtvý nebo ublížit si, 36 % si dělalo plány na suicidium, 18 % se opět o ně pokusilo, jeden respondent opakovaně. U 41 % se vyskytovalo sebepoškozování, u 36 % bylo užití drog v posledním roce, 27 % pije vícekrát týdně alkohol, 73 % kouří cigarety. Pouze menšina (36 %) byla po propuštění v psychiatrické péči, i když tato byla doporučena ve všech případech. Uváděné obtíže svědčí o trvajícím suicidálním riziku., Anonymous catamnestic questionnaire, focused on psychosocial adaptation and psychopathological symptoms including suicide behaviour was sent to 77 patients hospitalized in 2004-2005 after a suicide attempt. Return of the questionnaire was 29 %, precisely 38% of those within reach. 23 % of the sample are unemployed. 68 % have sometimes wished to be dead or to hurt themselves, 36 % have made suicide plans, 18 % repeated suicide attempt, one respondent repeatedly. In 41 % self-harm occurred, 36 % have taken drugs in the course of last year. 27 % drink alcohol more than once a week and 73 % smoke cigarettes. Even though a psychiatric follow-up had been recommended to every patient discharged from the clinic, only a minority of them (36 %) underwent it. To conclude, the reported problems indicate a persistent suicide risk., Jiří Koutek, Jana Kocourková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

795. Adaptácia a orientačné overovanie psychometrických charakteristík Testu životnej orientácie LOT-R

Creator:
Kövérová, Miroslava and Ján Ferjenčík
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, psychology, dispositional optimism, adaptation of LOT-R, positive psychology, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Štúdia informuje o výsledkoch slovenskej adaptácie Testu životnej orientácie LOT-R. V jej rámci bola overovaná faktorová štruktúra nástroja a zisťované informácie týkajúce sa jeho reliability a validity. Údaje získané od 226 stredoškolákov (119 chlapcov, 107 dievčat) vo vekovom rozpätí 16-19 rokov boli s pomocou balíka IBM Amos podrobené dvom konfirmatórnym faktorovým analýzam testujúcim plauzibilitu jednofaktorového a dvojfaktorového modelu štruktúry LOT-R. Výsledky preukázali, že formálne spĺňali oba modely v uspokojivej miere kritériá pre ich prijatie ako vzájomne si konkurujúce reprezentácie faktorovej štruktúry nástroja. Napriek tomu, že dvojfaktorové riešenie reprodukovalo pôvodné údaje s vyššou mierou presnosti, možno ho pre vysokú koreláciu medzi oboma faktormi a sémantickú homogénnosť položiek považovať zrejme skôr za artefakt zodpovedajúci existencii raz pozitívne, inokedy negatívne artikulovaných položiek, než reflektovanie kvalitatívne dištinktívnych dimenzií. Výsledky tak okrem iného demonštrujú potrebu zohľadňovať v obdobných analýzach nielen úzko ohraničené štatisticko-matematické hľadiská, ale prinajmenej v rovnakej miere aj logické a sémantické kritériá. V druhej časti príspevku sú prezentované výsledky overovania reliability a validity získané z údajov 54 vysokoškolských študentov. Dosiahnuté test-retestové korelácie naznačujú na vysokú stabilitu výsledkov v čase (rtt = 0,77 po troch týždňoch, rtt = 0,76 po dvoch mesiacoch a rtt = 0,68 po troch mesiacoch od prvého merania). Akceptovateľná bola i zistená vnútorná konzistentnosť testu (alfa koeficient = 0,73)., a2_Napokon, výsledky korelácií medzi LOT-R a štyrmi inými vybranými metodikami ziťujúcimi mieru subjektívnej pohody, sebahodnotenia, nádeje a úzkostlivosti priniesli podporu pre závery o konvergentnej a diskriminačnej validite LOT-R ako nástroja identifikujúceho dispozičný optimizmus., Paper brings information about Slovak adaptation of Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). In this framework, both, factor structure of instrument and reliability and validity of LOT-R were examined. The data obtained from 226 high school students (119 boys, 107 girls) in the age range 16-19 years were put through two confirmatory factor analyses in order to test plausibility of one-factor versus two-factor model for LOT-R factor structure. Results showed that both models fulfill acceptably criteria for their confirmation as concurring factor representations of LOT-R structure. Although the two-factor model reproduced original data with a higher accuracy, this solution should be considered rather as an artifact of differently articulated items (positively and negatively) but holding semantics of the same quality. Very high correlation between both factors which was found in confirmatory analysis supports this issue, too. In second part of paper, results of reliability and validity examinations (based on the data received from the sample of 54 university students) are reported. Test- retest correlations show that LOT-R results are sufficiently stabile over time (rtt = 0.77 for three weeks span, rtt = 0.76 for two months span and rtt = 0.68 for three monhts span). Also internal consistency of the test was acceptable (Alpha coefficient = 0.73). Finally, correlations between LOT-R and four other instruments measuring subjective well-being, self-esteem, hope and anxiosity have offered support for convergent and discriminatory validity of the LOT-R as an instrument measuring dispositional optimism., and Miroslava Kövérová, Ján Ferjenčík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

796. Adaptation of the heart to hypertension is associated with maladaptive gap junction connexin-43 remodeling

Creator:
Marcela Fialová, Katarína Dlugošová, Ľudmila Okruhlicová, Kristek, F., Manoach, M., and Narcisa Tribulová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, hypertenze, srdeční arytmie, physiology, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, gap junction remodeling, connexin-43, malignant arrhythmias, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We hypothesized that hypertension-related myocardial remodeling characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis might be accompanied by cell-to-cell gap junction alterations that may account for increased arrhythmogenesis. Intercellular junctions and expression of gap junction protein connexin-43 were analyzed in rat heart tissues from both spontaneous (SHR) and L-NAME model of hypertension. Isolated heart preparation was used to examine susceptibility of the heart to lethal ventricular fibrillation induced by low potassium perfusion. Ultrastructure observation revealed enhanced neoformation of side-to-side type while internalization of end-to-end type (intercalated disc-related) of gap junctions prevailed in the myocardium of rats suffering from either spontaneous or L-NAME-induced hypertension. In parallel, immunolabeling showed increased number of connexin-43 positive gap junctions in lateral cell membrane surfaces, particularly in SHR. Besides, focal loss of immunopositive signal was observed more frequently in hearts of rats treated with L-NAME. There was a significantly higher incidence of hypokalemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in hypertensive compared to normotensive rat hearts. We conclude that adaptation of the heart to hypertension-induced mechanical overload results in maladaptive gap junction remodeling that consequently promotes development of fatal arrhythmias., M. Fialová, K. Dlugošová, L. Okrouhlicová, F. Kristek, M. Manoach, N. Tribulová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a biblioigrafické údaje
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

797. Adaptations of Coccinella magnifica, a myrmecophilous coccinellid to aggression by wood ants (Formica rufa group). II.. Larval behaviour, and ladybird oviposition location1

Creator:
Sloggett, John J. and Majerus, Michael E.N.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
occinella magnifica, Coccinella septempunctata, Formica rufa, ant-tended aphids, myrmecophily, and oviposition
Language:
English
Description:
Like adults, larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Coccinella magnifica are rarely attacked by Formica rufa ants on foraging trails, but more often attacked on ant-tended aphid colonies. Larvae of the non-myrmecophile Coccinella septempunctata, to which C. magnifica was compared, were more readily attacked by ants in both situations. To avoid or counter ant aggression when foraging for aphids, C. magnifica larvae exhibit three main tactics: they may feed on un- or non-tended aphids; when feeding on tended colonies they often carry prey away, minimising time spent there; and if attacked, they use limited chemical defence. No novel behaviours were found in C. magnifica larvae, not occurring to some extent in C. septempunctata. Coccinella magnifica eggs were laid distant to ant-tended aphids, although closer to un- or non-tended aphids.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

798. Adaptive preferential selection of female coccinellid hosts by the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Creator:
Davis, Dexter S., Stewart, Sarah L. , Manica, Andrea, and Majerus, Michael E.N.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Parasitoidism, host discrimination, host sex, Dinocampus coccinellae, Braconidae, Coccinella septempunctata, and Coccinellidae
Language:
English
Description:
Females of the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae are known to parasitise both male and female coccinellid hosts. It is suggested that female hosts provide more resources for developing wasp larvae because they tend to be larger than male hosts, and female coccinellids have a much greater food intake than males. Thus the wasp's lifetime reproductive success should be increased by ovipositing preferentially in female rather than male hosts when given a choice. Laboratory experiments, using Coccinella septempunctata as a host, show that such a preference does exist. Wasps preferentially oviposit in females, and this preference is not simply a result of the larger mean size of females compared to males. These results corroborate higher rates of prevalence in female compared to male hosts reported previously.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

799. Adaptive preferential selection of young coccinellid hosts by the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Creator:
Majerus, Michael E. N., Geoghegan, Irene E., and Majerus, Tamsin M. O.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
parasitoid, host selection, host discrimination, Dinocampus coccinellae, Braconidae, Coccinella septempunctata, and Coccinellidae
Language:
English
Description:
Dinocampus coccinellae females which eclose in mid-summer have the opportunity to oviposit in overwintered or in newly eclosed coccinellid hosts. Given the short further longevity of overwintered hosts, offspring fitness would be increased by ovipositing preferentially in young hosts. Laboratory choice tests show that female D. coccinellae do exhibit such a preference.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

800. Adaptive significance of the prolonged diapause in the western Mediterranean lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Creator:
Obregón, Rafael, Haeger, Juan Fernández, and Jordano, Diego
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, konkurence, motýli, competition, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Tomares ballus, prolonged diapause, evolutive adaptation, changing environment, parasitoids, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Diapause is a common dormancy strategy exhibited by many species of invertebrates and insects to temporarily avoid seasonally recurring unfavourable conditions for their development, most usually in winter. Less frequently, a prolonged diapause lasting two or more years is described in species living in unpredictable environments where it is adaptive, but with significant costs. In this paper we examine the occurrence of prolonged diapause in the lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus. Pupae of this species undergo an obligate diapause from mid-May to late January the following year. However, during our rearing experiments (from 2009 to 2016) the emergence of adults occurred sequentially and a fraction of the pupae remained in diapause for up to seven years. The annual percentage emergence after the first year of diapause was 45.6%, and only barely exceeded 50.0% in 2015. Remarkably, 12 pupae (11.4% of the initial brood) remained in diapause in their eighth year. The negative exponential equation fitted to the emergence data suggests that further emergences may occur within the next five years. Therefore, the potential for successful prolonged diapause of T. ballus pupae may be more than 10 years. The adaptive value of this strategy is discussed in relation to the effects of adverse and unpredictable weather during the flight period of the butterfly, intra-guild competition, parasitoids and changes in habitat quality. We suggest that this strategy may also be exhibited by other species of Mediterranean lycaenids., Rafael Obregón, Juan Fernández Haeger, Diego Jordano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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