Nádorová onemocnění jsou vážný medicínský a společenský problém. Podle evropských statistik se v současné době daří vyléčit přibližně 45 % všech pacientů, u nichž bylo nádorové onemocnění diagnostikováno. Nezastupitelnou úlohu v procesu ošetřovatelské péče sehrává sestra, která pomáhá pacientům zvládat jejich nelehkou životní situaci. Článek je zaměřen na některé psychosociální aspekty při ošetřování pacientů s onkologickým onemocněním a zvládání bolesti u těchto nemocných., Tumour diseases represent a serious medical and social problem. According to European statistics currently about 45% of all patients, who have been diagnosed with cancer, can be cured. The nurse who helps the patients cope with their uneasy life situation plays an unsubstitutable role in the process of nursing care. The paper is focused on some psychosocial aspects in nursing of patients with oncology diseases and pain management in these patiens., Eva Zacharová, and Literatura
Výzkumné šetření má tři hlavní cíle, které se zaměřují na hledání souvislostí mezi vybranými copingovými strategiemi a partnerskou spokojeností. Na základě prostudovaných zdrojů bylo stanoveno 10 výzkumných hypotéz. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 60 respondentů (30 párů). Jednalo se o onkologické pacienty a jejich intimní partnery. Data byla získávána prostřednictvím vytvořeného dotazníku. První část byla zaměřena na zjišťování vybraných sociodemografických údajů. Další část byla tvořena položkami z metody WOC-CA (Dunkel-Schetter et al., 1992) určenými k měření copingových strategií. Třetí část tvořily položky z metody DAS (Spanier, 1976) pro měření partnerské spokojenosti. Na základě statistické analýzy se nepodařilo potvrdit stanovené předpoklady. and The research has three main objectives which focuse on finding links between chosen coping strategies and relationship satisfaction. Ten hypotheses were determined on the basis of literary sources. The research sample consisted of 60 respondents (30 pairs). It included the oncological patients and their intimate partners. The data were collected by using questionnaires. The first part focused on the detection of the socio-demographic data. The second part was made up of items from the method WOC-CA (Dunkel-Schetter et al., 1992) designed to measure coping strategies. The third section included items of method DAS (Spanier, 1976) for measuring relationship satisfaction. The statistical analysis was not able to confirm the research assumptions.
The article first outlines the three major phases of Islamization of Bengal, focusing particulary on the phase of mass Islamization of rural native population, which was characterized by strong tendencies to syncretism with local religious traditions. This syncretistic environment is then described in more detail with special emphasis on the Naths, Vaisnava Sahajiya, and their generally Tantric-yogicbackground. The literature that emerged from this environment is further introduced as a vehicle of mediation between the Perso-Arabic Islamic tradition and Bengalic cultural milieu. As this milieu was conspicuously Tantric in character, the article pays special attention to esoteric Islamic texts, which reveal considerable popularity of various Tantric-yogic notions and bodily techniques among Bengali Muslims., Kristýna Himmerová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In 2018, during a rescue archaeological excavation taking place in one of the gardens of Staré Město near Uherské Hradiště, 23 early medieval graves containing skeletal remains of 26 individuals were detected. The site is situated on the northern border of the well-known Great Moravian burial ground ‘Na Valách’. In a large number of the newly excavated graves, greater or lesser deviations from the usual funeral rite were recorded. While the established burial rite in Great Moravian society means the deceased lies on their back in the supine position with extended extremities and head towards the west, here we found skeletons in very different orientations, lying in a prone or crouched position, or, at least, with unusual positions of their upper or lower limbs. Additionally, some of the graves contained incomplete or no skeletons. There is also one double burial and a triple burial, and several graves in superpositions. In nine graves, objects of material culture were found, the most important of them come from the rider’s grave 20/2018. The presented study aims to interpret the burial contexts using the bioarchaeological approach, which is, however, affected by the quality of the preserved finds, especially skeletal remains.
Although it has been generally reported that carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes are not very selective about their prey, the new studies have shown that the genus is under a strong selective pressure to specialize in certain prey. Moreover, novel nutrient sequestration strategies have recently been described, including leaf litter and faeces utilization. Thus the genus Nepenthes is a new and illustrative example of adaptive radiation with regard to nitrogen sequestration strategy. and Andrej Pavlovič.
Idiopatické střevní záněty (IBD), Crohnova nemoc (CD) a ulcerózní kolitida (UC) jsou chronická zánětlivá onemocnění střev neznámé etiologie a neúplně probádané patogeneze. Mají charakteristický a obtížně předvídatelný průběh, ve kterém se střídají období zhoršení (relapsů) s fázemi relativního klidu (remisí). V posledních 30 letech dochází k významnému zvyšování incidence obou chorob, a to nejen ve vyspělých zemích západní Evropy a v USA, ale také v České republice. Odhaduje se, že idiopatické střevní záněty postihují v těchto oblastech až 0,5 % populace. Lze předpokládat, že v České republice je cca 20 000 až 30 000 takových pacientů. Zjištěná incidence UC ve Skandinávii je 9/100 000 obyvatel a 5?7/100 000 je incidence Crohnovy nemoci. V našich zemích není incidence těchto dvou nemocí vůbec zmapována. Charakteristickým rysem obou nemocí je, že postihují především mladé lidi, typický věk v době diagnózy je 25?30 let. Ani starší generace však není těchto nemocí zcela ušetřena. Vznik IBD po padesátce je zaznamenán u cca 15 % pacientů s Crohnovou chorobou a ulcerózní kolitidou. Diagnóza, diferenciální diagnóza a terapie mají u těchto nemocných v porovnání s mladší generací některé odlišnosti., Milan Lukáš, and Lit.: 6
The article deals with both achaelogical research of the Tall Hisban (northern Jordan) and archaelogists. Concerning the archaelogy it seems that presence of biblical Israelites of late bronze/early iron time is possible despite negative official statement issued in 1976. The negative statement might result from local unfavourable political conditions for research and tight relation between Syria and Israel caused by unsuitable interpretation of biblical names found on cuneiform tablets at Ebla at the time. Looking for all related to Israelites till now do not pertain to proper behaviour in Jordan as well., Pavel Mrázek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The paper interconnects studies of everyday life and everyday consumption and research on socialist housing estates. It is based on an ethnographic stydy of Petržalka, the biggest housing estate in Bratislava, located at the south band of the river Danube.
Porucha funkce autonomního nervového systému (ANS) způsobená chronickým stresem je velmi pravděpodobně jedním z hlavních patofyziologických mechanizmů vzniku a progrese esenciální hypertenze, zejména u mladších hypertoniků. Závažnost dysfunkce lze hodnotit pomocí jednoduchých testů, jakým je například měření klidové srdeční frekvence. Betablokátory jsou nejúčinnější skupinou pro chronickou léčbu nadměrné aktivity sympatiku., Miroslav Souček, J. Nevrlka, I. Řiháček, and Lit. 26
Nedávno jsme v tomto časopise (JMO 4/2009) v článku nazvaném''Před pořízením systému vojáka pro AČR'', popsali náš názor na projekt tzv. systému vojáka, v AČR tehdy pojmenovaný jako ''Voják 21.století''. Nyní je tento projekt veden v Armádě České republiky (AČR) pod názvem modulární bojový komplet (MBK). I náš pohled doznal za uplynulé dva roky určitého posunu, který se odrazil i v návrhu řešení, jež označujeme zkratkou BIG-OŠ, tedy Battlefield Integrated Groups - organizace a školení. Kombinací anglického a českého názvu chceme vyjádřit jak naše národní specifikace a požadavky, tak i skutečnost, že je tento systém připraven na použití v rámci vojenských struktur NATO. Tomuto přístupu odpovídá i systémové složení kompletu, jež vhodně kombinuje národní a alianční prvky a technologie. Tento přístup zde chceme stručně představit. and Recently we described in the JMO journal article, called ''Before acquisition of the soldier system for the Czech Army'', our estimation of so-called the soldier system project, in the Czech Army known like ''Soldier 21st century''. Nowadays, this project is registered under the designation Modular Combat Set (MBK) in the Czech Army. Our view has reached certain shift for last two years and that reflected the proposal of solution, which we have marked like BIG-OŠ - Battlefield Integrated Groups - the organization and training. By the combination English and Czech appellation we want to expresses both our national specification and requirements and the fact that this system is ready for use within the scope of the NATO military configuration. The attitude corresponds to the systematic structure of the set, which combines appropriately not only the national and alliance factors but also the technologies. We would like to introduce the above mentioned attitude briefly in the following text.
One of the most abundant immunologic cell types in early decidua is the uterine natural killer (UNK) cell that despite the presence of cytoplasmic granules rich in perforin and granzymes does not degranulate in normal pregnancy. UNK cells are important producers of angiogenic factors that permit normal dilation of uterine arteries to provide increased blood flow for the growing feto-placental unit. Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration can trigger an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines impairing the normal immune cells activity as well as uterine homeostasis. The present study aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the reactivity of perforin and α-actin on UNK cell from LPStreated pregnant mice. For the first time, we demonstrate that LPS injection in pregnant mice causes α-actin down regulation, concomitantly with perforin loss in UNK cells. This suggests that LPS alters UNK cell migration and activates cytotoxic granule release., B. Zavan, A. M. do Amarante-Paffaro, V. A. Paffaro Jr., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The concept of α-ideals in posets is introduced. Several properties of α-ideals in 0-distributive posets are studied. Characterization of prime ideals to be α-ideals in 0- distributive posets is obtained in terms of minimality of ideals. Further, it is proved that if a prime ideal I of a 0-distributive poset is non-dense, then I is an α-ideal. Moreover, it is shown that the set of all α-ideals α Id(P) of a poset P with 0 forms a complete lattice. A result analogous to separation theorem for finite 0-distributive posets is obtained with respect to prime α-ideals. Some counterexamples are also given.
In vitro produced β-like cells can provide promising cell therapy for curing the epidemic of diabetes. In this context, we aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the differentiation of rat pancreatic ductal epithelial-like stem cells (PDESCs) into β-like cells. The PDESC line cells were cultured in the basal media (DMEM/F12 + 10% FBS + 1% penicillinstreptomycin) supplemented with 0 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, 500 µM, and 5 mM of GABA for 28 days to induce their differentiation. The differentiated cells were detected by cell morphology, dithizone (DTZ) staining, immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay to validate their identity. At the end of 28 days, compared with the control group, enrichment of induced cells was high among the 5 μM, 50 μM, 500 μM, and 5 mM GABA induction groups. The formation of islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) began at 14 days, and the cell clusters showed a growth trend with the culture time. The induced ICCs were positive for DTZ staining, while the control group showed negative results for DTZ staining and the differentiated cells were also positive for β-cell-specific markers (Ins1 and Pdx1). GSIS assay of 50 μM induction group cells at 28 days showed significantly higher levels of C-peptide and insulin secretion than the control, 5 μM, 500 μM, and 5 mM GABA-treated groups (P < 0.01). At the same time, the 50 μM induction group cells also showed significantly higher levels of Ins1, Pdx1 and Nkx6.1 mRNA as compared to the 5 μM, 500 μM and 5 mM GABA groups (P < 0.01). Thus, the addition of GABA to the basal medium effectively induced differentiation of adult rat PDESCs into insulin-secreting β-like cells, and 50 μM was the most effective concentration for the induction.
According to a widespread view, deontic modalities are relative to normative systems. Four arguments in favour of this suggestion will be presented in this paper. Nevertheless, I have proposed and defended an analysis of deontic modalities in terms of Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL) that is non-relativistic (with respect to normative systems) and accommodates minimal semantics of TIL. This leads to a question whether one can do justice to arguments for deontic relativism and put forward a relativistic analysis of deontic modalities in TIL. The main aim of this paper is to amend the former analysis of deontic modalities in terms of TIL to incorporate both the standard (relativistic) view and the minimal semantics of TIL., Podle široce rozšířeného pohledu jsou deontické modality vztaženy k normativním systémům. V tomto příspěvku budou prezentovány čtyři argumenty ve prospěch tohoto návrhu. Nicméně jsem navrhl a obhájil analýzu deontických modalit v podmínkách transparentní intenzivní logiky (TIL), která je nerelativistická (s ohledem na normativní systémy) a pojme minimální sémantiku TIL. Toto vede k otázce zda jeden může dělat spravedlnost k argumentům pro deontic relativismus a navrhl relativistic analýzu deontic modalities v TIL. Hlavním cílem této práce je doplnit dřívější analýzu deontických modalit z hlediska TIL tak, aby zahrnovala jak standardní (relativistický) pohled, tak minimální sémantiku TIL., and Daniela Glavaničová
Based on stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) measurements, photosynthetic pathway types were determined for 61 species in 54 genera and 24 families of flowering plants from the saline meadows of Northeastern China. Of these total vascular plants, 18 species in 17 genera from 6 families were found to have C4 photosynthesis; 43 species in 38 genera from 20 families had C3 photosynthesis. Six dicotyledonous species exhibited C4 pathway, 12 monocotyledonous species were found with C4 photosynthesis. The dicotyledonous C4 species had relative greater mean δ13C value and less total carbon content than both monocotyledonous C4 and C3 species. Most dicotyledonous C4 species were annual forbs and halophytes. Some C4 species had been previously documented, but their δ13C values varied remarkably from those of the present study. Even though there are some fluctuations for the δ13C values of some C4 species, δ13C value was still more reliable for C3 and C4 identification than the use of the enzyme ratio method and of low CO2 compensation concentration.
Plants have developed various photoprotective mechanisms to resist irradiation stress. One of the photoprotective mechanisms described in the literature for LHC2-containing organisms involves a down-regulation of photosystem (PS) 2 occurring simultaneously with the build-up of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH). It is often correlated with deepoxidation of xanthophylls located in LHC2. In Rhodophyta instead of LHC2, the peripheral antenna of PS2 consists of a large extramembrane complex, the phycobilisome (PBS), which transfers its excitation to the core antennae of PS2 composed of the CP43 and CP47 protein-chlorophyll complexes and there is no xanthophyll cycle. In the red alga Rhodella violacea a ΔpH-dependent chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence quenching can be formed. We characterised this quenching, studied the effects of various irradiances and inhibitors. Under photoinhibitory conditions, the ΔpH-dependent Chl fluorescence quenching exerts a photoprotective role and delays the kinetics of photoinhibition. It is the first time that such a photoprotective mechanism is described in PBS-containing organisms. and M. Ritz, K. V. Neverov, A.-L. Etienne.
The broadening of the photospheric lines in ζ Ophiuchu by very rapid rotation allows not ony mapping of its surface velocities and temperature distribution, but makes the star an excellent probe for a profusion of sharp interstellar lines. Being bright, it is a good object for smaller telescopes. Apart from discovering nonradial oscillations in its atmosphere over twenty years ago and a significant temperature differential between pole and equator (the von Zeipel effect), I have recently assisted in the discovery of some 30 lines of interstellar C3 near 405 nm - the first carbon chain to have been found in a diffuse interstellar cloud and at a much higher concentration than expected.
\vspace{-1.6cm} The paper studies the relations between ϕ-divergences and fundamental concepts of decision theory such as sufficiency, Bayes sufficiency, and LeCam's deficiency. A new and considerably simplified approach is given to the spectral representation of ϕ-divergences already established in Österreicher and Feldman \cite{OestFeld} under restrictive conditions and in Liese and Vajda \cite{LiV06}, \cite{LiV08} in the general form. The simplification is achieved by a new integral representation of convex functions in terms of elementary convex functions which are strictly convex at one point only. Bayes sufficiency is characterized with the help of a binary model that consists of the joint distribution and the product of the marginal distributions of the observation and the parameter, respectively. LeCam's deficiency is expressed in terms of ϕ-divergences where ϕ belongs to a class of convex functions whose curvature measures are finite and satisfy a normalization condition.