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12. Caught on camera: circumstantial evidence for fatal mobbing of an avian brood parasite by a host
- Creator:
- Šulc, Michal, Štětková, Gabriela, Procházka, Petr, Požgayová, Milica, Sosnovcová, Kateřina, Studecký, Jan, and Honza, Marcel
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ornithology, behavioural ecology, brood parasitism, nest defence, killing, and video evidence
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hosts have evolved a multiplicity of defensive responses against avian brood parasites. One of them is mobbing behaviour which often includes direct contact attacks. These aggressive strikes may not only distract the parasites but may also be fatal to them, as documented by cases of dead brood parasite females found near host nests. Here, we present the first video-recording of a great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) host whose vigorous nest defence appears to directly lead to the death of a female common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We suggest that the chance of parasite death probably rises with the presence of unfavourable factors, such as water below the nest. Our observation supports previous suggestions that hosts may pose a lethal danger to their parasites.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13. Ceratomyxa bohari sp. n. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) from the gall bladder of Lutjanus bohar Forsskål from the Red Sea coast off Saudi Arabia: morphology, seasonality and SSU rDNA sequence
- Creator:
- Mansour, Lamjed, Abdel-Baki, Abdel-Azeem S, Tamihi, Ahmad F, and Al-Quraishy, Saleh
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitické organismy, spóry, fylogeneze, parasitic organisms, spores, phylogeny, Myxosporea, fish parasites, Bivalvulida, coelozoic infection, Lutjanidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new myxozoan, Ceratomyxa bohari sp. n., infecting the gall bladder of two-spot red snapper, Lutjanus bohar Forsskål, in the Red Sea off Saudi Arabia, is described using light microscopy and characterised genetically. The infection was recorded as mature spores floating free in the bile. The overall prevalence of infection of the type host was 19% (67 fish infected of 360 examined), with the highest prevalence in autumn (31%; 28/90) and the lowest in winter at 12% (11/90). Mature spores are slender and slightly crescent-shaped in the frontal view, with anterior and posterior margins tapered gradually to rounded valvular tips. Spore valves are unequal with a prominent sutural line. The spore dimensions are 3-4 μm (mean 3.5 μm) in length and 16-19 μm (mean 17 μm) in thickness. Two polar capsules are spherical, equal in size, 1.5 μm in diameter. Coils of the polar filament are indiscernible. The sporoplasm is binucleated and fills nearly one third of the extracapsular space restricted to the area below the capsules. The molecular analysis based on the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequence revealed a close relationship with majority of species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 and phylogenetic clustering with species from different geographical location. Thus, the shorter spore of the present Ceratomyxa species and the divergence of the SSU rDNA sequences were the distinctive features that separate it from all previously described species and identified this parasite as a new species of Ceratomyxa., Lamjed Mansour, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Ahmad F. Tamihi, Saleh Al-Quraishy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
14. Characterisation of microsatellite loci in two species of lice, Polyplax serrata (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae) and Myrsidea nesomimi (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae)
- Creator:
- Martinů, Jana, Roubová, Veronika, Milena Nováková, Smith, Vincent S, Václav Hypša, and Štefka, Jan
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- populační genetika, koevoluce, evoluce (biologie), population genetics, coevolution, evolution (biology), Galapágy (Ekvádor : souostroví), Evropa, Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), Europe, ectoparasite, Polyplax, Myrsidea, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterised for two louse species, the anopluran Polyplax serrata Burmeister, 1839, parasitising Eurasian field mice of the genus Apodemus Kaup, and the amblyceran Myrsidea nesomimi Palma et Price, 2010, found on mocking birds endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Evolutionary histories of the two parasites show complex patterns influenced both by their geographic distribution and through coevolution with their respective hosts, which renders them prospective evolutionary models. In P. serrata, 16 polymorphic loci were characterised and screened across 72 individuals from four European populations that belong to two sympatric mitochondrial lineages differing in their breadth of host-specificity. In M. nesomimi, 66 individuals from three island populations and two host species were genotyped for 15 polymorphic loci. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.05 to 0.9 in P. serrata and from 0.0 to 0.96 in M. nesomimi. Deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were frequently observed in the populations of both parasites. Fst distances between tested populations correspond with previous phylogenetic data, suggesting the microsatellite loci are an informative resource for ecological and evolutionary studies of the two parasites., Jana Martinů, Veronika Roubová, Milena Nováková, Vincent S. Smith, Václav Hypša, Jan Štefka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15. First confirmed record of a woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus sp.) in Bhutan
- Creator:
- Jamtsho, Yonten, Dendup, Pema, Wangdi, Leki, Dorji, Rinzin, and Tshering, Bep
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- camera trapping, endangered mammal, and Jigme Dorji National Park
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The three species of woolly flying squirrels of the genus Eupetaurus are amongst the rarest and least studied mammals in the world. The different species are known to occur from only a few locations in the western, north-central and south-eastern margins of the Himalayas. Though the genus has been recorded in Bhutan, there has been no confirmed evidence until now. Here we confirm for the first time the presence of Eupetaurus in Bhutan and discuss some records of mammals and birds with which it co-exists. The woolly flying squirrel was photographed by camera trap during a rapid biodiversity survey in the north-eastern part of Jigme Dorji National Park. From the three widely disjunct populations of Eupetaurus, the external pelage and appearance of this specimen appears to most closely resemble Eupetaurus nivamons. This record warrants further study to confirm identification and better understand its morphology, habitat selection and distribution in Bhutan.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
16. Genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland: the first report of a haplotype of probable Asian origin
- Creator:
- Karamon, Jacek, Stojecki, Krzysztof, Samorek-Pieróg, Małgorzata, Bilska-Zajac, Ewa, Rózycki, Mirosław, Sroka, Jacek, Chmurzyńska, Ewa, Zdybel, Jolanta, and Cencek, Tomasz
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- echinokokóza, echinococcosis, Evropa východní, Europe, Eastern, phylogenetics, Asian haplotype, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 in Poland based on sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genes of worms isolated from red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus). Overall, 83 adults of E. multilocularis from the same number of foxes in different parts of Poland were used for analysis. Sequences of the three mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (cob), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were analysed. Seventy-four individual biological samples were successfully sequenced. Combined sequence analysis of these three genes exhibited fifteen Polish haplotypes (EmPL1-EmPL15). Most isolates (n = 29; 39%) were classified to the EmPL1 haplotype, which occurred mainly in the east, north and centre of Poland. Haplotype EmPL4 (n = 14; 19%) and other haplotypes appeared predominantly in the south and west area. Fourteen haplotypes were grouped in the European clade. One Polish haplotype (EmPL9) (n = 7, 10%) was assigned to the Asian clade with haplotypes from Japan and Kazakhstan. This haplotype was found only in northeast Poland and this is the westernmost report of haplotype of E. multilocularis belonging to the Asian clade in Europe. The investigation demonstrated that populations of E. multilocularis in Poland (and probably also in eastern Europe) included not only different European haplotypes but also those of the Asian origin., Jacek Karamon, Krzysztof Stojecki, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, Ewa Bilska-Zajac, Mirosław Rózycki, Ewa Chmurzyńska, Jacek Sroka, Jolanta Zdybel, Tomasz Cencek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
17. Haemogregarine (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) infection in Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtle, Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Chelidae), from a Brazilian Neotropical savanna region
- Creator:
- Goes, Vinícius C, Brito, Elizângela S, Valadão, Rafael M, Gutierrez, Camila O, Picelli, Amanda M, and Viana, Lúcio A
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, prevalence, parasite intensity, hemoparasite, chelonian, Cerrado, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Knowledge of blood parasites in Brazilian chelonians is limited, since they have been recorded in only six species. Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour) is a freshwater turtle with a wide geographic distribution in Brazil, but there is little information about its natural history. This paper reports on a study of the prevalence and infection intensity of a haemogregarine in two subpopulations of M. vanderhaegei. The study was conducted in two areas of Cerrado in the Upper Paraguay River basin in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, between November 2010 and August 2013. Ninety-five (53%) of the 179 turtles captured were positive for haemogregarine parasites. The parasitic forms observed were two morphotypes of intraerythrocytic gametocytes. The prevalence differed between size classes, increasing significantly according to the animals' body size. There was no significant difference between prevalence and sex, or between sampling periods. The mean parasite intensity was 9 parasites/2,000 erythrocytes (0.45%) and the parasite population presented an aggregated distribution, with an aggregation index of 19 and discrepancy of 0.772. This is the first record of a hemoparasite in the freshwater turtle M. vanderhaegei., Vinícius C. Goes, Elizângela S. Brito, Rafael M. Valadão, Camila O. Gutierrez, Amanda M. Picelli, Lúcio A. Viana., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18. How monoxenous trypanosomatids revealed hidden feeding habits of their tsetse fly hosts
- Creator:
- Votýpka, Jan, Petrželková, Klára J., Brzoňová, Jana, Jirků, Milan, Modrý, David, and Lukeš, Julius
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Glossina, blood-feeding, adenotrophic viviparity, bodonids, Trypanosoma, and infection
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tsetse flies are well-known vectors of trypanosomes pathogenic for humans and livestock. For these strictly blood-feeding viviparous flies, the host blood should be the only source of nutrients and liquids, as well as any exogenous microorganisms colonising their intestine. Here we describe the unexpected finding of several monoxenous trypanosomatids in their gut. In a total of 564 individually examined Glossina (Austenia) tabaniformis (Westwood) (436 specimens) and Glossina (Nemorhina) fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) (128 specimens) captured in the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic, 24 (4.3%) individuals were infected with monoxenous trypanosomatids belonging to the genera Crithidia Léger, 1902; Kentomonas Votýpka, Yurchenko, Kostygov et Lukeš, 2014; Novymonas Kostygov et Yurchenko, 2020; Obscuromonas Votýpka et Lukeš, 2021; and Wallacemonas Kostygov et Yurchenko, 2014. Moreover, additional 20 (3.5%) inspected tsetse flies harboured free-living bodonids affiliated with the genera Dimastigella Sandon, 1928; Neobodo Vickerman, 2004; Parabodo Skuja, 1939; and Rhynchomonas Klebs, 1892. In the context of the recently described feeding behaviour of these dipterans, we propose that they become infected while taking sugar meals and water, providing indirect evidence that blood is not their only source of food and liquids.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
19. Influence of life history traits on the population genetic structure of parasitic helminths: a minireview
- Creator:
- Vázquez-Prieto, Severo, Vilas, Román, Paniagua, Esperanza, and Ubeira, Florencio M
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, reproduction modes, mating systems, long-lived infective stages, differences in longevity and generation time, parasitism intensity, host specificity, host mobility, life cycle complexity, transmission environment, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Parasite life history traits influence the rate of gene flow between populations and the effective population size, both of which determine the levels of genetic variability and the geographic distribution of such variability. In this short review targeted to parasitologists, we summarise how life history traits influence the population genetic structure of parasitic helminths. These organisms are characterised by a wide variety of life cycles and are ecologically different from microparasites, which have been studied in more detail. In order to provide the reader a concise review that illustrates key aspects of the subject matter, we have limited ourselves to studying examples selected for their clarity and relevance., Severo Vázquez-Prieto, Román Vilas, Esperanza Paniagua, Florencio M. Ubeira., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
20. K13 propeller domain mutations and pfmdr1 amplification in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected from Thai-Myanmar border area in 2006-2010
- Creator:
- Phompradit, Papichaya, Chaijaroenkul, Wanna, Muhamad, Phunuch, and Na-Bangchang, Kesara
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- malárie, molekulární markery, malaria, molecular markers, falciparum malaria, artemisinin resistance, PF3D7_1343700, sequencing, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The K13 propeller domain mutation and pfmdr1 amplification have been proposed as useful molecular markers for detection and monitoring of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum Welch, 1897. Genomic DNA isolates of P. falciparum was extracted from 235 dried blood spot or whole blood samples collected from patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria residing in areas along the Thai-Myanmar border during 2006-2010. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to detect mutations in K13 propeller domain of P. falciparum at codon 427-709. Pfmdr1 gene copy number was determined by SYBR Green I real-time PCR. High prevalence of pfmdr1 multiple copies was observed (42.5% of isolates). The presence of K13 mutations was low (40/235, 17.2%). Seventeen mutations had previously been reported and six mutations were newly detected. The C580Y was found in two isolates (0.9%). The F446I, N458Y and P574L mutations were commonly detected. Seven isolates had both K13 mutation and pfmdr1 multiple copies. It needs to be confirmed whether parasites harbouring both K13 mutation and pfmdr1 multiple copies and/or the observed new mutations of K13 propeller domain are associated with clinical artemisinin resistance., Papichaya Phompradit, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Phunuch Muhamad, Kesara Na-Bangchang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
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