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1904. Circadian molecular clocks tick along ontogenesis

Creator:
Alena Sumová, Zdeňka Bendová, Martin Sládek, El-Hennamy, R., Matějů, K., Lenka Polidarová, Serhiy Sosniyenko, and Helena Illnerová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, neurofyziologie, cirkadiánní rytmy, ontogeneze, neurophysiology, circadian rhythms, ontogeny, suprachiasmatic nucleus, peripheral clock, clock gene, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The circadian system controls the timing of behavioral and physiological functions in most organisms studied. The review addresses the question of when and how the molecular clockwork underlying circadian oscillations within the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) and the peripheral circadian clocks develops during ontogenesis. The current model of the molecular clockwork is summarized. The central SCN clock is viewed as a complex structure composed of a web of mutually synchronized individual oscillators. The importance of development of both the intracellular molecular clockwork as well as intercellular coupling for development of the formal properties of the circadian SCN clock is also highlighted. Recently, data has accumulated to demonstrate that synchronized molecular oscillations in the central and peripheral clocks develop gradually during ontogenesis and development extends into postnatal period. Synchronized molecular oscillations develop earlier in the SCN than in the peripheral clocks. A hypothesis is suggested that the immature clocks might be first driven by external entraining cues, and therefore, serve as “slave” oscillators. During ontogenesis, the clocks may gradually develop a complete set of molecular interlocked oscillations, i.e., the molecular clockwork, and become self-sustained clocks., A. Sumová, Z. Bendová, M. Sládek, R. El-Hennamy, K. Matějů, L. Polidarová, S. Sosniyenko, H. Illnerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1905. Circulating cell-free DNA extraction from liquid biopsy for cancer research

Creator:
Pfeiferova, L., Safarikova, M., Ulrych, J., Krska, Z., Frankova, V., Zima, T., and Kalousova, Marta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
biomarker, cancer, cell-free DNA, circulating tumour DNA, liquid biopsy, oncology, and precision
Language:
English
Description:
As the number of cancer patients globally increases, a need for reliable biomarkers including circulating tumour DNA from liquid biopsy for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the disease is rising. Currently, mainly tissue samples from biopsy are used, but there are certain limitations: firstly, it is an invasive technique, and secondly, in some cases it is almost impossible to obtain an acceptable tissue sample. This could be changed by using circulating cell-free DNA from liquid biopsy, which also gives the possibility of repeated examination. Here, we focus on the options of isolating circulating cell-free DNA from plasma samples using two isolation techniques: precision manual QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit and automatic MagNA Pure Compact (MPC) using Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit I. Manual extraction gave significantly better yields of circulating tumour DNA (P < 0.05). This DNA also had less contaminants (organic compounds or proteins). DNA obtained by both tested methods of isolation is suitable for subsequent molecular genetic methods.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1906. Cirkulace, import a export osvícenství

Creator:
Smyčka, Václav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Czech Lands, 18th century, cultural transfer, Galicia, české země, 18. století, osvícenství, kulturní transfer, and Halič
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article is a response to Daniela Tinková’s study Enlightenment as ‘vernacularization of knowledge’. In the first part we comment on the positive aspects of Tinková’s conception of the history of the Enlightenment, but also on the lack of clarity concerning the nature of knowledge as both a component of cultural transfer and the outcome of that process. The second part changes perspective, focussing on ‘the transfer of Enlightenment’ and the ‘radiation’ of Enlightenment from the Czech Lands to surrounding regions of the Habsburg monarchy, especially Galicia. For this reason the Czech Lands assumed a regional hegemony in many areas of administration and economic and intellectual life. We also attempt to explain the motivations for accepting ‘Enlightenment knowledge’ while relativizing the power asymmetries in these processes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1907. Císařovna, která přála přírodním vědám

Creator:
Kraus, Ivo
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
česká a uherská královna, císařovna, choť Františka Štěpána I., římskoněmeckého císaře, Marie Terezie, 1717-1780, Peithner z Lichtenfelsu, Jan Tadeáš Antonín, 1727-1792, dějiny vzdělanosti, vyučovací metody, vzdělávací reformy, history of knowledge and education, teaching methods, educational reforms, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ivo Kraus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1908. Čisté prostory

Creator:
Hlaváč, Josef
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Technology of clean rooms in the present modern conception has been used in Czech Republic for more than forty years. It belongs to high technologies and has been used namely in electric engineering industry, pharmacy, health-care technology, precision mechanics and optics, in production of fine chemicals and food. In the technology of clean rooms there is considered as a clean room such a room where the concentration of particles in the air is controlled and checked. Clean room is constructed and used in such a way that minimalizes entry, creation and settling of particles in the room. Further parameters as temperature, humidity and air pressure can be controlled in this room according to the technology requirements.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1909. Citalopram Inhibits L-type Calcium Channel Current in Rat Cardiomyocytes in Culture

Creator:
Hamplová-Peichlová, J., Jan Krůšek, Ivo Paclt, Jaroslav Slavíček, Lisá, V., and František Vyskočil
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Citalopram, Amitriptyline, L-type calcium channel current, Whole cell configuration patch-clamp, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are believed to be less dangerous in the treatment of depressive disorder in comparison with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) due to their relative lack of cardiotoxicity. Thus, we investigated the effect of citalopram (SSRI) on membrane electrophysiology in rat cardiomyocytes in tissue culture. The results were compared with those from amitriptyline (TCA). The whole-cell configuration patch-clamp technique was used. Both citalopram and amitriptyline exhibited the concentration-dependent inhibition of the L-type calcium channel current (ICa). Citalopram in concentrations of 3 mM and 10 mM inhibited peak calcium current by 2.7 % and 8 %, respectively. We demonstrated the same potency of citalopram and amitriptyline to inhibit ICa. These observations led us to conclude that citalopram and amitriptyline are drugs, which exhibit a similar potency for causing concentration-dependent inhibition of ICa., J. Hamplová-Peichlová, J. Krůšek, I. Paclt, J. Slavíček, V. Lisá, F. Vyskočil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1910. Citlivostní analýza vyhodnocování optických parametrů tenkých vrstev: aneb jaké jsou naše šance získat věrohodný výsledek fitováním spekter odrazivosti

Creator:
Spousta, Jiří, Zlámal, Jakub, Urbánek, Michal, Běhounek, Tomáš, Plšek, Radek, Kalousek, Radek, and Šikola, Tomáš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
precision mechanics, optics, přesná mechanika, and optika
Language:
Czech
Description:
Article deals with a sensitivity analysis of fitting procedure: theoretical model of reflectance is fitted to an ''ideal'' data by applying Levenberg - Marquardt algorithm in order to determine optical properties, their accuracy and reliability factor used to quantify a convergence successfulness of the reflectance model at given set of starting parameters vector. and V článku je popsána základní myšlenka citlivostní analýzy fitovací procedury běžně používané při vyhodnocování optických parametrů tenkých vrstev. Hledání minimální hodnoty sumy čtverců odchylek teoretické závislosti a závislosti získané experimentálně je často negativně ovlivněno výběrem startovacího vektoru optických parametrů. Proto je v příspěvku zaveden a diskutován tzv. faktor spolehlivosti, který vypovídá o pravděpodobnosti nalezení věrohodného výsledku fitováním. Počáteční vektor startovacích parametrů je vybírán z určitého okolí ideálního (známého) řešení a sleduje se, zda bylo po fitovací proceduře dosaženo shody (True), či nikoliv (False) s tímto řešením. Faktor spolehlivosti je pak zaveden jako poměr počtu úspěšných (True) ku celkovému (True+False) počtu výpočtů. Ukazuje se, že existují takové kombinace optických parametrů zkoumaných vrstev, že lze ke shodě s ideálním řešením dojít téměř vždy, nezávisle na volbě startovacího vektoru parametrů (např. situace pro tloušťku SiO2 vrstvy na Si dSiO2 = 130 nm). Na druhé straně je možné identifikovat i tloušťky, pro které je vyhledání minima odchylek na tomto počátečním parametru silně závislé (např. dSiO2 = 485 nm). Pro srovnání je rovněž uveden faktor spolehlivosti pro vyhodnocování vrstvy TiO2 na Si. Výsledky, prezentované v tomto příspěvku, byly určovány pomocí vlastního programu reliabiliTy.exe, který se ukázal jako vhodný nástroj k provádění předběžné analýzy citlivosti fitovací metody na volbu startovacích parametrů vrstev.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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