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313. A “right to sadness”: late socialist environmentalism between technocracy and romanticism and the Czech nature writer Jaromír Tomeček

Creator:
Babička, Martin
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
environmentalism, late socialism, Czechoslovakia, socialist realism, and nuclear energy
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article examines the works of nature writer Jaromír Tomeček, his public image, and his reception by literary theory and criticism as a distinctive late socialist response to environmental concerns. The article argues that the “ecological techno-optimism” of Jaromír Tomeček was representative of the late socialist reconsideration of human-nature relations that rejected the earlier modern understanding of humans as masters of nature and tried to find a new harmony between the two, but that also rejected the “pessimistic” perspective of Western ecology. Revising the tradition of socialist realism, late socialist literature allowed for sorrow over loss (“a right to sadness”) while still giving primacy to joy over progress, negating the “existential despair” of the 1960s. It thus preserved the progressive temporal orientation tied to the socialist ideal of increasing material wellbeing while trying to reconcile technocratic rationality with romantic subjectivity. “Ecological techno-optimism” eventually materialized in the form of the nuclear energy programme as the solution to the ecological crisis.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

314. A 15,000-year history of Early Upper Paleolithic hunters moving through the Pustý Žleb valley - Artefacts and chronology of Pod Hradem Cave, Moravian Karst, Czech Republic

Creator:
Nejman, Ladislav, Škrdla, Petr, Wright, Duncan, Bartík, Jaroslav, and Přichystal, Antonín
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition, chronostratigraphy, stone artefacts, and EUP cultures
Language:
Czech
Description:
Archaeological evidence shows that Paleolithic hunters occasionally used the difficult-to-access Pod Hradem Cave for short-term visits. The small collection of artefacts spanning a c. 15,000-year period were made from a range of different raw materials collected from known sources in the surrounding regions up to 120 km away. In this paper, we interpret the sum of the archaeological evidence associated with artefacts from Pod Hradem Cave against an updated chronology, and report a previously unpublished stone artefact. Combined, this information suggests variable cave use throughout the site history. During the Early-Upper Paleolithic this likely involved visits by small, mobile bands using Pod Hradem Cave as a short stop over while passing through the Pustý Žleb valley.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

315. A bibliometric analysis of research papers published on photosynthesis: 1992-2009

Creator:
Yu, J. J., Wang, M. H., Xu, M., and Ho, Y. S.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
bibliometrie, bibliometrics, author keyword, research trend, scientometrics, science citation index expanded, 12, and 00
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
We present here a bibliometric analysis of publications on photosynthesis research from 1992 to 2009 in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) Web of Science. This has allowed us to examine the growing trends and the key topics on this subject. We have assessed the document type, language of the publications, publication output, subject category, journal distribution, countries and territories of these publications, institutions involved, hot topics and highly cited papers. The top 30 countries/territories were ranked according to their total number of articles (TA), single country articles (SCA), internationally collaborative articles (ICA), first author articles (FAA) and corresponding author articles (CAA). Research directions on the subject of photosynthesis were also investigated and evaluated by statistically analyzing the distribution of author keywords in the database. Our analysis indicates that “water”, “stress”, “carbon dioxide”, “nitrogen” and “climate change” are hot topics of research on photosynthesis during this period., J. J. Yu ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

317. A calibration-free evapotranspiration mapping technique for spatially-distributed regional-scale hydrologic modeling

Creator:
Szilágyi, József and Kovács, Ákos
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
spatially distributed evapotranspiration, complementary relationship of Evaporation, MODIS data, priestorové rozdelenie evapotranspirácie, komplementárny vzťah pre evapotranspiráciu, and údaje MODIS
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Monthly evapotranspiration (ET) rates over Hungary for 2000-2008 are mapped at a spatial scale of about 1 km with the help of MODIS daytime land surface temperature as well as sunshine duration, air temperature and humidity data. Mapping is achieved by a linear transformation of MODIS daytime land surface temperature values employing the complementary relationship of evaporation. Validation of the ET rates has been performed at spatial scales spanning almost three magnitudes from a few hundred meters to about a hundred kilometers employing eddy-covariance (EC) measurements and catchment water balance closures. Typically the unbiased ET estimates are within 15 % of EC values at a monthly basis, within 7 % at an annual, and within only a few percent at a multi-year basis. The ET estimates yield an especially remarkable match (relative error of 0.2 %, R2 = 0.95) with high-tower EC measurements at a monthly basis. The spatial distribution of the ET estimates confirm earlier, complex regional hydrologic model results and observations as well as yields a perfect estimate of the country’s precipitation recycling index (the ratio of the multi-year mean ET and precipitation rates spatially aggregated for the whole country) of 89.2 % vs an observed value of 89.6 %. The CREMAP method is very simple, easy to implement, requires minimal data, calibration-free, and works accurately when conditions for the complementary relationship are met. and Pomocou údajov ročlenených podľa MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer), s využitím dennej povrchovej teploty, trvania slnečného svitu, teploty vzduchu a jeho vlhkosti boli zostrojené mapy mesačnej evapotranspirácie (ET) Maďarska pre roky 2000-2008 s priestorovým rozlíšením približne 1 km. Mapovanie bolo zrealizované lineárnou transformáciou MODIS dennej teploty povrchu s uvážením doplňujúceho vzťahu pre evapotranspiráciu CR, navrhnutou Bouchetom (1963). Výsledky dosiahnuté touto metódou boli verifikované v priestorovej mierke pokrývajúcej tri rády od niekoľkých stoviek metrov po stovky kilometrov, použijúc merania metódou pulzácií (eddy covariance, EC), a bilanciou vody v koncovom profile povodí. Typicky, hodnoty ET sú v medziach 15 % mesačných hodnôt EC a 7 % ročných hodnôt a len v medziach niekoľkých percent viacročných hodnôt evapotranspirácie, ktoré boli určené inými metódami. Hodnoty ET sú v dobrej zhode s výsledkami meraní ET na vysokej veži metódou EC (relatívna chyba 0.2 %, R2 = 0,95). Priestorové rozdelenia vypočítaných hodnôt ET potvrdzujú predchádzajúce výsledky modelovania regionálnymi modelmi, ako aj hodnoty indexu recyklácie zrážok krajiny (precipitation recycling index), čo je pomer mnohoročnej priemernej ET a zrážok agregovaných v krajine, s hodnotou 89,2 % vs pozorovaná hodnota 89,6 %. Metóda CREMAP je jednoduchá, ľahko implementovateľná, vyžaduje minimum vstupných hodnôt, nie je ju potrebné kalibrovať a keď sú splnené podmienky jej použiteľnosti, je aj dostatočne presná.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

318. A causal-mentalist view of propositions

Creator:
Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven B. and Franklin, James
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
propositions, causal-mentalist view, cluster analysis, game theory, perception algorithms, Platonism, and symbol grounding
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In order to fulfil their essential roles as the bearers of truth and the relata of logical relations, propositions must be public and shareable. That requirement has favoured Platonist and other non-mental views of them, despite the well-known problems of Platonism in general. Views that propositions are mental entities have correspondingly fallen out of favour, as they have difficulty in explaining how propositions could have shareable, objective properties. We revive a mentalist view of propositions, inspired by Artificial Intelligence work on perceptual algorithms, which shows how perception causes persistent mental entities with shareable properties that allow them to fulfil the traditional roles of (one core kind of) propositions. The clustering algorithms implemented in perception produce outputs which are (implicit) atomic propositions in different minds. Coordination of them across minds proceeds by game-theoretic processes of communication. The account does not rely on any unexplained notions such as mental content, representation, or correspondence (although those notions are applicable in philosophical analysis of the result).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

319. A cheap chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging system

Creator:
Lootens, P. and Vandecasteele, P.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
diuron and Zea mays
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
A cheap chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence imaging system was developed for measuring leaf areas of 30×45 cm. Uniform saturating irradiances were created using CuSO4 filtered radiation from stroboscopes. The system was tested using maize leaves treated with diuron. Comparison was made with a small-area-measuring pulse amplified modulation Chl fluorometer. and P. Lootens, P. Vandecasteele.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

320. A chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of the allocation of radiant energy absorbed in photosystem 2 antennae of cotton leaves during exposure to chilling

Creator:
Kornyeyev, D., Logan, B. A., and Holaday, A. S.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
energy dissipation, Gossypium hirsutum, low temperature, and photoinhibition
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
When dark-acclimated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312) leaves, pre-treated with lincomycin to inhibit chloroplast protein repair processes, were exposed to 10 °C and a PPFD of 500 μmol m-2 s-1, the proportion of excitation energy entering photochemistry (P) increased, but only to 5 % of the total energy absorbed at steady state levels of P, which were reached at 40 min of irradiation. Thermal dissipation (D) of absorbed energy increased throughout the 360 min irradiation period and accounted for the greatest portion of absorbed energy at 10 °C. When D was partitioned into constitutive (DCON), regulated (DREG), and photoinhibitory (DPI) components, it was primarily composed of DREG, the readily reversible portion of D. However, the induction of D was slow at 10 °C. Sixty minutes were required for D to reach 70 % of the energy absorbed. Considerable absorption of energy in excess of that utilized in photochemistry or dissipated thermally (designated as E) occurred, especially during induction of P and D. Over the irradiation period, the time-dependent averaged E exhibited an inverse, linear relationship with the ratio of variable (Fv) to maximum (Fm) fluorescence (PS2 efficiency) and a linear relationship with DPI. We propose that time-dependent averaged E may be useful for estimating the potential for damage to PS2 under stressful environmental conditions. and D. Kornyeyev, B. A. Logan, A. S. Holaday.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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