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17242. Vitalistic approaches to life in Early Modern England

Creator:
Szántó, Veronika
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
teorie vědy, theory of science, Anne Conway, Francis Glisson, Henry More, Margaret Cavendish, cambridgeský platonismus, biologie, vědecká revoluce, vitalismus, Cambridge Platonism, biology, scientific revolution, vitalism, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
V dějinách idejí se vitalismu dostalo různých definic a různé postavy byly označeny za vitalisty. Když se soustředíme na 17. století, zjistíme, že badatelé identifikovali jako vitalisty autory, kteří zastávají názory, jež jsou v diametrálním protikladu. Stručně představím názory dualistických vitalistů (Henry More, Ralph Cudworth a Nehemiah Grew) a monistických vitalistů (Francis Glisson, Margaret Cavendishová, Anne Conwayová), a filosofické a teologické uvažování, které formovalo jejich myšelní. Ve  všech těchto různých podobách vitalismu se nacházejí identifikovatelné společné motivy: bytostná neredukovatelnost života (považovaná za vlastnost buď nehmotného ducha nebo samotného hmoty) a univerzalita života (sahající daleko za "organickou" oblast přírody až "anorganické")., Vitalism has been given different definitions and diverse figures have been labelled as vitalists throughout the history of ideas. Concentrating on the seventeenth century, we find that scholars identify as vitalists authors who endorse notions that are in diametrical opposition with each other. I  briefly present the ideas of dualist vitalists (Henry More, Ralph Cudworth and Nehemiah Grew) and monist vitalists (Francis Glisson, Margaret Cavendish and Anne Conway) and the philosophical and theological considerations informing their thought. In all these varied forms of vitalism the identifiable common motives are the essential irreducibility of life (regarded as a property of either an immaterial spirit or matter itself) and the universality of life (extending well beyond the “organic” realm of nature, incorporating the “inorganic”)., and Veronika Szántó.
Rights:
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17243. Vitamin D and thyroid diseases

Creator:
Karel Vondra, Luboslav Stárka, and Richard Hampl
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vitamin D, nemoci štítné žlázy, autoimunita, rakovina štítné žlázy, thyroid diseases, autoimmunity, thyroid cancer, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In this review we summarize recent opinions on the possible role of vitamin D in the risk of thyroid diseases development. It may be concluded from the available data that vitamin D deficiency, particularly levels below 12.5 ng/ml should be considered as an additional, but important risk factor for development of thyroid autoimmunity, both chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves´ disease. A higher risk of Graves´ disease development is also associated with several polymorphisms in the gene encoding for vitamin D binding protein and for the specific receptor of active form of vitamin D - 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the respective target cells. Important for development of thyroid cancer appeared polymorphisms of genes encoding for vitamin D receptors and of genes encoding for the participating hydroxylating enzymes in thyroid tissue, leading to a diminished local 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation capacity with following alteration of antiproliferatory, antiapoptotic and prodifferentiating efficacy of the latter. Whether supplementation with high doses of vitamin D or its analogues possesses preventive or therapeutic effect is an object of intensive studies., K. Vondra, L. Stárka, R. Hampl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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17244. Vitamin D in anxiety and affective disorders

Creator:
Marie Bičíková, Michaela Dušková, Vítků, J., Božena Kalvachová, Daniela Řípová, Pavel Mohr, and Luboslav Stárka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, deprese, úzkost, parathormon, depression, anxiety, parathormone, calcidiol, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Reduced levels of vitamin or its metabolites have been reported in various psychiatric disorders. Insufficient levels of vitamin D in depressive patients have been confirmed by many authors, but there have been conflicting results in subjects with anxiety disorders. In the present cross-sectional study, levels of calcidiol were determined in groups of depressive men and women and in men and women with anxiety disorders and compared with age matched controls. Significantly lower levels of calcidiol were found in men and women with depression as well as in age matched patients with anxiety disorders., M. Bičíková, M. Dušková, J. Vítků, B. Kalvachová, D. Řípová, P. Mohr, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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17245. Vitamin D in autistic children and healthy controls

Creator:
Bičíková, M. , Máčová, L., Ostatníková, D., and Hanzlíková, L.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Vitamin D, Children, Calcidiol, Calcitriol, and Autism
Language:
English
Description:
Insufficient levels of vitamin D have been demonstrated by many authors as a risk factor for autistic patients, however, the causality has not been reliably elucidated. In the present study, levels of calcidiol were determined in group of autistic children and compared with age matched healthy children as controls. Suboptimal levels of calcidiol in more than 60 % of both autistic patients as well as of control group were found. No significant differences in vitamin D between autistic children and healthy controls were observed.
Rights:
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17246. Vitamin D supplementation changed relationships, not levels of metabolic-hormonal parameters in autoimmune thyroiditis

Creator:
Karel Vondra, Radovan Bílek, Petr Matucha, Salátová, M., Vosátková, M., Luboslav Stárka, and Richard Hampl
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis, supplementation of vitamin D, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In women with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency we have found reference levels of relevant metabolichormonal parameters except for parathormone and total calcium. Three months supplementation with vitamin D (4300 IU/day, cholekalciferol) did not lead to significant changes of investigated hormonal parameters, while the levels of parathormone and calcium reached normal levels. However, a correlation analysis revealed marked changes in mutual relations. First, an inverse correlation of vitamin D with parathormone, insulin secretion (C peptide, insulin) and its efficiency (HOMA IR) disappeared. Relationships of vitamin D to hepatic insulin resistance (insulin/C peptide), to DHEA (both negative), and to DHEAS/DHEA ratio (positive) were newly found. Second, a positive correlation of CRP with insulin secretion remained, while its relation to insulin efficiency (HOMA IR, insulin/ C peptide) was newly observed. Analogical positive correlations appeared also among anti TPO and insulinemia, insulin/C peptide, HOMA IR, and anti Tg to C peptide. A relationship of the CRP with anti TPO became significant (+). Third, out of glucose metabolism parameters only insulin/C peptide and glycemia did not correlate with vitamin D during its deficiency, while after supplementation insulin/ C peptide alone correlated positively with both DHEAS and DHEA, and negatively with vitamin D., K. Vondra, R. Bílek, P. Matucha, M. Salátová, M. Vosátková, L. Stárka, R. Hampl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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17247. Vitamin D upregulates endothelin-1, ETBR, eNOS mRNA expression and attenuates vascular remodeling and ischemia in kidney fibrosis model in mice

Creator:
Arfian, N., Kusuma, M. H. H., Emoto, N., Ikeda, K., Suzuki, Y., Jeffilano, A., Nugroho, D. B., and Anggorowati, N.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Kidney fibrosis, Endothelin-1, Vitamin D, Vascular remodeling, eNOS, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We examined the upregulation of ET-1/ETBR/eNOS signaling in renoprotective effect of vitamin D in kidney fibrosis model in mice using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). One group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.125 mg/kg of Calcitriol (UUO+VD). Vascular remodeling was quantified based on lumen area and lumen/wall area ratio (LWAR) of intrarenal arteries using Sirius Red staining. ET-1, ETBR, eNOS, CD31 and VEGF mRNA expressions were quantified using qRT-PCR. Focusing on endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling in endothelial cells (EC), siRNA of ET-1 was performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for reducing ET-1 expression. Then HUVECs were treated with and without 100 nM Calcitriol treatment in hypoxic and normoxic conditions to elucidate ET-1/eNOS signaling. Our in vivo study revealed vascular remodeling and renal ischemia attenuation after Calcitriol treatment. Vascular remodeling was attenuated in the UUO+VD group as shown by increasing lumen areas and LWAR in intrarenal arteries. These findings were associated with significant higher CD31 and VEGF mRNA expression compared to the UUO group. Vitamin D treatment also increased ET-1, ETBR and eNOS mRNA expressions. Our in vitro study demonstrated Calcitriol induced ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions upregulation in HUVEC under normoxic and hypoxic condition. Meanwhile, siRNA for ET-1 inhibited the upregulation of eNOS mRNA expression after Calcitriol treatment. Vitamin D ameliorates kidney fibrosis through attenuating vascular remodeling and ischemia with upregulating ET-1/ETBR and eNOS expression., N. Arfian, M. H. H. Kusuma, N. Anggorowati, D. B. Nugroho, A. Jeffilano, Y. Suzuki, K. Ikeda, N. Emoto., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
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17248. Vitamin D, neurosteroids and autism

Creator:
Ludmila Máčová, Marie Bičíková, Daniela Ostatníková, Hill, M., and Luboslav Stárka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vitamin D, autismus, autoimunita, autism, autoimmunity, neurosteroids, ASD, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Vitamin D had been for a long time investigated for its effects on bone metabolism. Recently has been observed that the incidence of some neurodevelopmental disorders (including autism) increases hand in hand with vitamin D deficiency. Indeed, vitamin D was reported to modulate the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors; moreover, its receptor was found in the central nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency was therefore assessed as a risk factor for autism, however the biological mechanism has not yet been revealed. In our review we focused on potential connections among vitamin D, steroids and autism. Potential mechanisms of vitamin D action are also discussed., L. Máčová, M. Bičíková, D. Ostatníková, M. Hill, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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