The paper aims at a unification of the two directions in contemporary philosophy of science: the direction which deals with the relation of data to phenomena with the direction which deals with the knowledge about mechanism and its employment in scientific thinking. It aims also at a reconstruction of the development of scientific knowledge which is characterized in contemporary philosophy of science as a movement from data, via phenomena, to mechanisms. An attempt will be made to show that this in fact amounts to an assignment of philosophical categories like data, phenomena, mechanism, etc. This unification and reconstruction draws also on the reconstruction of the main stages of the development of knowledge leading from A.-J. Ångström’s measurement of the wave-lengths of spectral lines of hydrogen in 1868 to N. Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom proposed in 1913., Práce se zaměřuje na sjednocení obou směrů současné filosofie vědy: směr, který se zabývá vztahem dat k jevům se směrem, který se zabývá znalostmi o mechanismu a jeho využití ve vědeckém myšlení. Zaměřuje se také na rekonstrukci rozvoje vědeckých poznatků, které jsou v současné filosofii vědy charakterizovány jako pohyb od dat, přes jevy, k mechanismům. Pokusíme se ukázat, že to ve skutečnosti představuje přiřazení filosofických kategorií, jako jsou data, jevy, mechanismy atd. Toto sjednocení a rekonstrukce čerpá také z rekonstrukce hlavních etap rozvoje znalostí vedoucích z A.- J. Ångströmovo měření vlnových délek spektrálních čar vodíku v roce 1868 až N., and Igor Hanzel
Arithmetic networks consist of neural, Boolean and fuzzy ones. Supposing the acyclic structure, decomposition of arithmetic network is possible. There are three results of our analysis: node unification, edge unification and network decomposition. We obtain only 14 node types and 4 edge types for realization of a wide class of traditional arithmetic networks from literature. The main result of our work is the splitting of the competitive neurons (nodes) to distance and soft extreme nodes. The side result of analysis is using the group of nodes instead of layer. It enables grouping the nodes of the same type but with the possibility of long interconnections. The main aiin of our work was to realize the system of arithmetic networks in the SQL language on any SQL server. The database realization enables not only saving, watching and editing the network structures and parameters but also studying the response of archived networks. The learning process was not included because of being iterative in general and unrealizable without loops on database server at that time.
This paper presents the database of manuscripts and bibliography of codicological literature, which has been developed by the Department for the Cataloguing and Study of Manuscript at the CAS Masaryk Institute and Archive. The database facilitates the cataloguing of new manuscripts and the inclusion of data from printed catalogues and records of retrospective and recent bibliography as well as updating existing descriptions. It comprises three interconnected sections: the database of manuscripts, the database of codicological literature and most recently the database of institutions and fonds, including current information on institutions owning and administering historical fonds and manuscript collections.