A method to determine the optical parameters of thin films deposited on the thick transparent substrate is proposed. The method is based on the calculation of probability amplitude by the Feynman sum over trajectories. We can reproduce quickly known relation used in optics of thin films by this method and it could be generalized to other cases. We have discussed theoretically an accuracy of the method developed by Manifacier et al. [2]. and Je navržena metoda určení optických parametrů tenkých vrstev nanesených na tlustém transparentním substrátu. Metoda je založena na výpočtu amplitudy pravděpodobnosti pomocí Feynmanovy sumace přes trajektorie. Stručně reprodukujeme známé relace z optiky tenkých vrstev touto metodou, které lze zobecnit na jiné případy. Teoreticky diskutujeme o přesnosti metody navržené Manifacierem et al. [2].
A new method called C-C-1 method is suggested, which can improve some drawbacks of the original C-C method. Based on the theory of period , a new quantity for estimating the delay time window of a chaotic time series is given via direct computing a time-series quantity , from which the delay time window can be found. The optimal delay time window is taken as the first period of the chaotic time series with a local minimum of . Only the first local minimum of the average of a quantity is needed to ascertain the optimal delay time. The parameter of the C-C method - embedding dimension m - is adjusted rationally. In the new method, the estimates of the optimal delay time and the optimal delay time window are more appropriate. The robustness of the C-C-1 method reaches 40 %, whereas that of the C-C method is 30 %.
The article is aimed at identifying the basic approaches for assessing the economic efficiency of public projects and their application whilst assessing the efficiency of preventive anti-flooding measures. One of the important things when deciding about applying these measures is information on what value of real estate assets these measures protect and what level of potential damages they are able to prevent. Within the research assignment, therefore, the issue of property indicators in the area is dealt with, based on which the value of real estate assets in the area can be determined, and subsequently the amount of damage can be specified for when the area is hit by potential natural disasters (flood) by using damage curves processed for individual representatives of real estate property. This problem is solved in the ''Procedures for supporting decision-making in the field of securing the stability of the area in terms of possible flooding'' grant project No. 103/05/0016 with support of the Czech Science Foundation. More information about this methodology is on www.fce.vutbr.cz/ekr, the final report of this project will carried in February 2008 also on http://pala.gacr.cas.cz/. and Článek je zaměřen na identifikaci základních přístupů pro hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti veřejných projektů a jejich uplatnění při posuzování efektivnosti preventivních protipovodňových opatření. Pro rozhodování o uskutečnění těchto opatření je mimo jiné důležitá informace, jakou hodnotu nemovitého majetku tato opatření chrání, případně jak vysokým škodám jsou schopna zabránit. V rámci výzkumného projektu je proto řešena problematika územních majetkových ukazatelů, na základě kterých lze stanovit hodnotu nemovitého majetku v území a následně při zasažení území potenciální živelní pohromou - povodní s využitím křivek poškození zpracovaných pro jednotlivé reprezentanty nemovitého majetku vyčíslit výši škody. Tato problematika je řešena v grantovém projektu č. 103/05/0016 s názvem ''Postupy pro podporu a rozhodování v oblasti stavebních investic při zajištění stability území z pohledu možného zaplavení'' za podpory Grantové agentury České republiky. Více informací o vyvinuté metodice lze nalézt na www.fce.vutbr.cz/ekr; závěrečná zpráva projektu bude uveřejněna také na http://pala.gacr.cas.cz/.
PSI trimer to monomer ratio in intact cyanobacterial cells and isolated thylakoids was analysed by two noninvasive, in vivo methods; low-temperature fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectroscopy. We measured fluorescence emission spectra of cells upon chlorophyll (Chl, 436 nm) excitation. All three species - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, and Spirulina platensis - showed shifted Chl peak, indicating they have different spectral properties. CD spectroscopy revealed the highest intensity at 515 nm (PSI peak) in Spirulina platensis cells, which may originate from PSI multi-oligomerisation. The most sensitive response to heat treatment in this strain was the oligomerisation of PSI RCs. PSI dimers and tetramers in Anabaena cells showed smaller changes of the CD signal upon the heat treatment compared to that of Synechocystis WT. The lack of γ-linolenic acid affected the filament morphology by the loss of the spiral shape and the PSI monomerisation in Spirulina I22., T. Zakar, L. Kovacs, S. Vajravel, E. Herman, M. Kis, H. Laczko-Dobos, Z. Gombos., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This study shows the test usage of Mobile Automated Astronomical System No. 1 (M AAS-1) in a local network with an are a of approximately 50 km sq. The network has been built-up especially for experimental purposes to compare the local quasigeoid model determined by three different methods, namely GNSS-levelling, astronomical levelling and gravimetry. The network consists of 34 core points where the astronomic and geodetic coordinates have been measured. Subsequently, the measured data have been processed to obtain vertical deflections and to determine the quasigeoid heights by astronomical levelling. Afterwards, the quasigeoid model has been independently determined also using gravimetric measurements and by the method of GNSS-levelling. In this paper the results of th e comparison of quasigeoid models are being presented. The overall agreement of independently determin ed quasigeoids is on the level of 3 mm. After an overall accuracy evaluation of resulting quasigeoid model authors discuss the benef its of astronomical measur ements using MAAS-1., Tomáš Volařík, Radovan Machotka, Michal Kuruc, Lukáš Puchrik and Josef Jurčík., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The effects of water stress and salt levels on hypericum's leaves were examined on greenhouse-grown plants of Hypericum perforatum L. by spectral reflectance. Salt levels and irrigation levels were applied 0, 1, 2.5 and 4 deci Siemens per meter (dS/m), 80%, 100% and 120% respectively. Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was performed to estimate the effects of water stress and salt levels on spectral reflectance. As a result of ANFIS, it was found that there was close relationship between actual and predicted reflectance values in Hypericum perforatum L. leaves. Performance of ANFIS was examined under different numbers of epoch and rules. On the other hand, RMSE, correlation and analysis time values were found as outputs. Correlation was 99%. The estimation of optimal ANFIS model was determined in 3*3*3 number of rules with 400 epochs.
This paper presents a case study for the strength demonstration of a railway wagon welded node using the probability approach. The design variables were taken from the existing standardization for railway vehicles. The fatigue damage summation method for proving the satisfactory service life as well as the Goodman diagram method for verification of the unlimited service life was used for the node examination. The probability estimation was made using the Monte Carlo SBRA method with the help of the Anthill software. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In this article, the authors use the existing theoretical foundations and partial solutions to provide a general formula, which can be used to determine the value of horizontal deformation factor B for various applications of the Knothe theory. This applies to the calculation of surface deformation not only in the case of hard coal mining, but also in the case of salt mining by borehole. Convergence resulted from mining may cause deformations of caverns used to store liquid and gaseous fuels or the deformations related to the fluidized bed extraction. The calculations for the new analytical model are presented in the examples of the Etzel cavern (Germany) and the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). and Sroka Anton, Misa Rafał, Tajdus Krzysztof.