Objectives. The global pandemic of COVID-19 represents a major stressor in the lives of health-care professionals. The present study investigat-ed experienced stress and self-reported trauma symptoms among Slovak nurses during the fall of 2020, aiming to describe the extent of expe-rienced stress and trauma, and explain the vari-ation in trauma symptoms using psychosocial predictors. Sample and settings. An online form measuring traumatic stress symptoms, social support, cop-ing strategies, sleep quality and overall experi-enced stress was distributed among nurses and other healthcare professionals. 565 participants responded between November 12th and Decem-ber 20th 2020. Statistical analyses. Several multiple linear re-gressions with demographic and psychosocial predictors were performed to explain variation in traumatic symptoms.Results. The present data shows that 83% of medical nurses perceived increased stress and more than 62% experienced trauma symptoms. Traumatic symptoms could be partly explained based on the participants’ age, perceived social support, and used coping strategies. Higher so-cial support and strategies of acceptance and positive reframing were related to fewer trauma symptoms, while avoidance strategies, such as self-distraction, self-blame, venting, and behav-ioral disengagement to more trauma symptoms. In line with the present findings, professional psychosocial support is important to alleviate stress and prevent traumatization in healthcare workers after the COVID-19 crisis.Limitations. Data were collected via an online form, with a sample consisting of mostly nurses and women lacking data on other medical pro-fessions and men. Finally, traumatic symptoms develop slowly, therefore it is not possible to measure their recovery at this point. and Globálna pandémia ochorenia covid-19 pred-stavuje závažný stresor v životoch zdravot-níckych pracovníkov. Táto štúdia skúmala prežívaný stres a traumatické symptómy u slo-venských zdravotných sestier počas jesene 2020, s cieľom popísať ich rozsah a vysvetliť variáciu v symptómoch traumy na základe psy-chosociálnych prediktorov. Zber dát prebiehal prostredníctvom online formulára distribuova-ného zdravotným sestrám. Súčasťou formulára boli škály na meranie symptómov traumatické-ho stresu (TSQ-10), prežívanej sociálnej opory (MSPSS), copingových stratégií (Brief COPE), kvality spánku (PSQI) a celkového prežívaného stresu (PSS-10). Počas zhoršujúcej sa druhej vlny pandémie, medzi 12. novembrom a 20. decembrom 2020 na formulár odpovedalo 565 zdravotných sestier. Na vysvetlenie variácie traumatických symptómov bolo vytvorených niekoľko lineárnych regresných modelov ob-sahujúcich demografické a psychosociálne prediktory. Získané dáta ukázali, že 83 % zdra-votných sestier vnímalo v danom období, že sú pod zvýšenou mierou stresu, a viac ako 62 % sa prejavovalo traumatickými symptómami. Traumatické symptómy možno čiastočne vy-svetliť na základe veku participantov, vnímanej sociálnej opory a použitých stratégií zvládania. Vyššia sociálna podpora a stratégie prijatia a pozitívneho prerámcovania súviseli s men-ším počtom traumatických symptómov, zatiaľ čo vyhýbavé stratégie, ako sú sebarozptýlenie, sebaobviňovanie, ventilovanie a odangažované správanie, súviseli s väčším množstvom trau-matických symptómov. Limitmi výskumu sú zber prostredníctvom online formulára, vzorka zložená prevažne zo sestier ženského pohlavia, bez údajov o iných zdravotníckych profesiách a o mužoch. Napokon, traumatické symptómy sa vyvíjajú pomaly, preto v tomto bode nie je možné zmerať ich zotavenie. V súlade so súčas-nými zisteniami je dôležitá odborná psychoso-ciálna podpora na zmiernenie stresu a preven-ciu traumatizácie zdravotníckych pracovníkov po kríze covid-19.
Projekt se zaměřuje na propojení multidisciplinárních specialistů se zájmem o výzkum a léčení transgeneračního přenosu traumatu holocaustu. Mnoho neléčených traumat z kolektivních katastrof se přeneslo na další generace. Cílem je výměna informací a zkušeností o této problematice v rámci zemí V4 a přinášení nových poznatků o léčení traumat pro židovské komunity a pro odborníky, kteří se touto problematikou zabývají. and The project focuses on connecting multidisciplinary specialists interested in research and healing of the transgenerational transmission of Holocaust trauma. A lot of untreated traumas from the collective catastrophe have been passed to the next generations. The aim is to exchange information and experience about this issue within the V4 countries and to bring new insights about healing of trauma for Jewish communities and for the specialists who work with this issue.
Sledování lidských rodů je složitou součástí psychologického zkoumání. Projekt Vyhnání, vykořenění a změna životní linie - mezigenerační studie se zabývá psychologickými dopady aktu zvůle komunistické tajné policie v Československu, tzv. akce Asanace. Projekt navazuje na kumulující se zkušenost s transgeneračním traumatem. Zaměřuje se na generaci přímých účastníků, disidentů, kteří byli nuceni opustit svoji zem v letech 1977-1984, dále na potomky - druhou a třetí generaci, kteří v některých případech žijí v zahraničí. Pomocí čtyř druhů metod (fokusové skupiny, hloubkové rozhovory, dotazníkové metody, modifikovaný Stroopův test) se snaží porozumět transgenerační transmisi traumatu, zkoumá vedle traumatické situace také resilienci a posttraumatický růst. Zajímáme se o to, jak se traumatická situace transformuje v průběhu let, co přináší do pokračující rodové linie. Vedle standardních výzkumných článků plánují autoři také shrnující monografii na toto téma. and Tracking the family lineage is a complicated part of psychological research. The project titled Expulsion, uprooting, and change of lifeline-intergenerational study investigates the psychological impact of the communist secret police terror in Czechoslovakia (so-called Action “Asanace”), following the cumulation of research and therapeutic experience with transgenerational trauma. It focuses on the generation of the primary victims, dissidents forced to leave their homeland between 1977-84, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation of their offspring, some of whom live abroad. It aims to understand the transition of trauma, resilience, and posttraumatic growth using several methods (focus groups, in-depth interviews, surveys, Modified Stroop Test). We shall examine transformations of the traumatic situation in time and its aftermath in the family lineage. Besides standard research papers, the authors plan a monograph.
The development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects lipid metabolism during pregnancy. However, the magnitude of changes in lipid parameters is unclear. In addition, the patterns of these changes may vary based on the criteria selected for making the diagnosis of GDM. Thus, our aim was to compare the anthropometric and laboratory profiles of GDM-associated vs. GDM-free gestation with those of healthy non-pregnant women. We designed a cross-sectional study involving a group of females affected by GDM, a group of healthy pregnant controls and a group of healthy non-pregnant counterparts. GDM patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the fulfilled diagnostic criteria, that is, those presenting with high fasting plasma glucose in the first trimester (subgroup 1), high fasting plasma glucose in the second trimester (subgroup 2) and high plasma glucose following oral glucose load in the second trimester (subgroup 3). The anthropometric and metabolic profiles of GDM subjects resembled the facets of metabolic syndrome (highest body mass index, waist circumference, C-peptide level, triglycerides) significantly more than the respective profiles of healthy non-pregnant women (p<0.0001). While total cholesterol (TC) (together with LDL-C and non-HDL-C) in pregnant women with GDM and without GDM did not differ, both groups had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (TG) than non-pregnant women (p<0.0001). Subgroup 1 had the highest fasting glucose level in the second trimester whereas subgroup 3 had the lowest fasting glucose level (p=0.019). Concentration of TG increased, being the lowest in subgroup 1 and the highest in subgroup 3 (p=0.006). Women with GDM had more pronounced features of metabolic syndrome than pregnant women without GDM. Both groups reached higher levels of TC (LDL-C, non-HDL-C) than non-pregnant controls and did not differ from each other. We found differences in TG and fasting glucose levels among different types of GDM
Cílem této studie je představit překlad a adaptaci Škály pracovní dedikace (Job Dedication Scale) do češtiny. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 142 pracovníků v sociálních službách domovů pro seniory napříč Českou republikou, kteří byli hodnoceni svými přímými nadřízenými Škálou pracovní dedikace. Překlad proběhl formou zpětných translací s využitím tří na sobě nezávislých překladatelů. Popisná statistika přinesla zjištění o negativní šikmosti udělených hodnocení a snížené variabilitě odpovědí u některých položek. Konfirmační faktorová analýza plné verze škály nepotvrdila i přes vysokou hodnotu vnitřní konzistence shodu modelu se získanými daty. V návaznosti na výsledky faktorových analýz a modifikačních indexů byly povoleny reziduální korelace mezi vybranými položkami, což zvýšilo kvalitu testovaného modelu. Výpočty vnitřní konzistence ukázaly excelentní hodnoty, přičemž vyřazení jakékoliv položky by tuto hodnotu snížilo. Limity studie spatřujeme v malém a specifickém výzkumném souboru, a také v přístupu k posuzování pracovní dedikace zaměstnance s využitím pouze jednoho hodnotitele. and This study aims to present the translation and adaptation of the Job Dedication Scale into Czech. The final sample consisted of 142 workers in the social services of retirement homes across the Czech Republic, evaluated by their direct superiors on the Job Dedication Scale. The translation took the form of back translations using three independent translators. Descriptive statistics showed the negative skewness of the given ratings and the reduced variability of responses for some items. Despite the high value of internal consistency, the confirmatory factor analysis of the full version of the scale did not demonstrate agreement with the obtained data. Following the results of factor analyses and modification indices, residual correlations between selected items were allowed, which increased the quality of the tested model. The modified model showed a good match with the data. Values of the internal consistency of the scale were excellent. Eliminating any item would reduce this value. The small and specific sample is one of the limits of the study. Another limit is an approach to assessing the job dedication of the employee using only one evaluator.
Intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (α-Proteobacteria) are the most widespread endosymbionts of insects. Host infection is usually associated with alterations in reproduction, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, the induction of parthenogenesis and offspring sex ratio bias: all phenomena that may influence host speciation. In the present study, by using well-established molecular tools, we investigated the presence of Wolbachia in leaf beetles of the genus Crioceris and their host plants, which are various species of Asparagus. Multilocus sequence typing of bacterial genes showed that despite their occurrence in the same habitat and feeding on the same plant, two species of Crioceris, C. quinquepunctata and C. quatuordecimpunctata, are infected by two different strains of Wolbachia. C. asparagi, C. paracenthesis and C. duodecimpunctata, which are sympatric with the infected species, do not harbour the bacterium. Interestingly, DNA of Wolbachia was detected in host plant tissues that are exploited by the beetles, providing evidence for the horizontal transmission of the bacterium between beetles and their host plants. Moreover, Wolbachia was detected in species of Crioceris that are not closely related., Michał Kolasa, Matteo Montagna, Valeria Mereghetti, Daniel Kubisz, Miłosz A. Mazur, Łukasz Kajtoch., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In the present study, we investigated the effect of acrylamide (ACR) exposure during pregnancy on the ovary of female adult offspring of two subsequent generations. Sixty-day-old Wistar albino female rats were given different doses of ACR (2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day) from day 6 of pregnancy until giving birth. Females from the first generation (AF1) were fed ad libitum, and thereafter, a subgroup was euthanized at 8 weeks of age and ovary samples were obtained. The remaining females were maintained until they reached sexual maturity (50 days old) and then treated in the same way as the previous generation to obtain the second generation of females (AF2). The histopathological examination indicated a high frequency of corpora lutea along with an increased number of antral follicles that reached the selectable stage mainly at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. Interestingly, ACR exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of CYP19 gene and its corresponding CYP19 protein expression in AF1 females. The TUNEL assay showed a significantly high rate of apoptosis in stromal cells except for dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. However, in AF2 females, ACR exposure significantly increased the number of degenerating follicles and cysts while the number of growing follicles was reduced. Moreover, in both ACR-treated groups, estradiolproducing enzyme CYP19A gene and its corresponding protein were significantly reduced, and an excessive apoptosis was produced. We concluded that the ovarian condition of AF1 females had considerable similarity to the typical early perimenopausal stage, whereas that of AF2 females was similar to the late perimenopausal stage in women.
Propofol has been shown to against intestinal reperfusion injury when treated either before or after ischemia, during which mast cell could be activated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of propofol in restoring the intestinal epithelial cells integrity disrupted by mast cell activation or the released tryptase after activation in vitro. We investigated the effect of: (1) tryptase on Caco-2 monolayers in the presence of PAR-2 inhibitor or propofol, (2) mast cell degranulation in a Caco-2/LAD-2 co-culture model in the presence of propofol, and (3) propofol on mast cell degranulation. Epithelial integrity was detected using transepithelial resistance (TER) and permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (the apparent permeability coefficient, Papp). The expression of junctional proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1/TJP1) and occludin were determined using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. The intracellular levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and Ca2+ were measured using flow cytometry. Tryptase directly enhanced intestinal barrier permeability as demonstrated by significant reductions in TER, ZO-1, and occludin protein expression and concomitant increases in Papp. The intestinal barrier integrity was restored by PAR-2 inhibitor but not by propofol. Meanwhile, mast cell degranulation resulted in epithelial integrity disruption in the Caco-2/LAD-2 co-culture model, which was dramatically attenuated by propofol. Mast cell degranulation caused significant increases in intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels, which were blocked by propofol and NAC. Propofol pretreatment can inhibit mast cell activation via ROS/Ca2+ and restore the intestinal barrier integrity induced by mast cell activation, instead of by tryptase.