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4852. Fiber product preserving bundle functors as modified vertical Weil functors
- Creator:
- Mikulski , Włodzimierz M.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, mathematics, Weil algebra, Weil functor, vertical Weil functor, Weil algebra bundle functor, modified Weil functor, modified vertical Weil functor, bundle functor, fiber product preserving bundle functor, natural transformation, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We introduce the concept of modified vertical Weil functors on the category \mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_m of fibred manifolds with m-dimensional bases and their fibred maps with embeddings as base maps. Then we describe all fiber product preserving bundle functors on \mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_m in terms of modified vertical Weil functors. The construction of modified vertical Weil functors is an (almost direct) generalization of the usual vertical Weil functor. Namely, in the construction of the usual vertical Weil functors, we replace the usual Weil functors T^{a} corresponding to Weil algebras A by the so called modified Weil functors T^{a} corresponding to Weil algebra bundle functors A on the category \mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_m of m-dimensional manifolds and their embeddings., Włodzimierz M. Mikulski., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4853. Fiber type composition of unoperated rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles after unilateral isotransplantation of a foreign muscle in long-term experiments
- Creator:
- Tomáš Soukup, Smerdu, V., and Gisela Zachařová
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, imunohistochemie, svaly, transplantace, chirurgické operace, immunohistochemistry, muscles, transplantation, surgical procedures, muscle fiber types, mATPase and immunohistochemistry, myosin heavy chains, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We examined the effects of the unilateral heterochronous isotransplantation on the fiber type composition and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform content of unoperated slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus muscles of female inbred Lewis strain rats. Comparison was made between “control” unoperated muscles of experimental rats (after intramuscular transplantation surgery) with the corresponding muscles of completely naive (unoperated) rats of three age groups (5-, 8- and 14-month-old). This was done in order to ascertain whether these muscles can be used as reliable controls to the transplanted and host muscles for our ongoing grafting experiments. The fiber type composition was determined by assessing the histochemical reaction for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, the MyHC isoform content was determined immunocytochemically using monoclonal antibodies specific to different MyHC isoforms and by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our experiments show that the heterochronous intramuscular isotransplantation procedure had no significant effect on the fiber type composition and MyHC isoform content of the “control” unoperated muscles of the experimental rats when compared to the corresponding muscles of the naive animals. Furthermore, the duration and type of isotransplantation did not also lead to differences among corresponding “control” muscles of experimental animals. We conclude that the unoperated muscles of the experimental rats can be used as controls in our current transplantation project dealing with long-term grafting experiments., T. Soukup, V. Smerdu, G. Zachařová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4854. Fibroblast growth factor 21: A novel metabolic regulator with potential therapeutic properties in obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Creator:
- Ivana Dostálová, Denisa Haluzíková, and Martin Haluzík
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, růstové faktory, obezita, půst, physiology, growth factors, obesity, fast, fibroblast growth factor 21, type 2 diabetes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, glucose uptake, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator produced primarily by the liver that exerts potent antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This hormone contributes to body weight regulation and is strongly involved in the response to nutritional deprivation and ketogenic state in mice. The principal sites of metabolic actions of FGF21 are adipose tissue, liver and pancreas. Experimental studies have shown marked improvements in diabetes compensation and dyslipidemia after FGF21 administration in diabetic mice and primates. Positive metabolic actions of FGF21 without the presence of apparent side effects make this factor a hot candidate to treat type 2 diabetes and accompanying metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic effects of FGF21 including some preliminary data on changes of its levels in humans with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus., I. Dostálová, D. Haluzíková, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4855. Field and laboratory studies on drought tolerance and water balance in adult Pergalumna nervosa (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae)
- Creator:
- Slotsbo, Stine, Sørensen, Jesper G., Josef Starý, and Holmstrup, Martin
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, pancířníci, ztráty vody, propustnost materiálů, přežití, Oribatida, water losses, permeability, survival, Galumnidae, oribatid mites, drought, soil water potential, osmolality, desiccation tolerance, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the water balance, body fluid osmolality and survival of the oribatid mite, Pergalumna nervosa, when exposed to drought in field and laboratory experiments. In a replicated field experiment we artificially lowered the soil water content by putting roofs over selected plots, which reduced soil water potential to levels well below the permanent wilting percentage for plants (i.e. below -1.5 MPa). Even though a slight decrease in the abundance of P. nervosa (only found in the 0-5 cm soil layer) was recorded during the most severe drought stress (ca. -3.5 MPa), the majority of adult mites clearly survived these conditions for 3 weeks in the field without migrating to deeper soil layers. Exposing field collected adults in laboratory experiments simulating even more severe drought conditions revealed that P. nervosa can survive several weeks of gradually increasing drought stress (down to -7 MPa) with moderate water loss. The osmolality of body fluids increased as dehydration progressed, but apparently as a result of simple up-concentration of solutes and not the de novo synthesis of protective osmolytes. We compare and discuss these results in the light of what is known about other arthropods., Stine Slotsbo, Jesper G. Sørensen, Josef Stary, Martin Holmstrup., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4856. Field comparison of seismic sources for high resolution shallow seismic reflection profiling on the Ljubljana Moor (Central Slovenia)
- Creator:
- Atanackov, Jure and Gosar, Andrej
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, seizmicita, seismicity, high-resolution shallow, seismic reflection, seismic source comparison, seismic source characteristics, seismic shotgun, accelerated weight dropper, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two seismic sources were tested on different surfaces during acquisition of a 5.5-km long high resolution seismic reflection (HRS) profile on the Ljubljana Moor in central Slovenia. Maximum target depth range of the survey was 200 - 300 m. Nine different combinations of source-surface conditions were analysed. Seismic sources included a seismic shotgun and an accelerated weight dropper system. The HRS profile crossed different surfaces including: paved roads, gravel roads, ploughed fields, grasslands and marshlands. Seismic source performance on different surfaces was evaluated through frequency and S/N ratio analyses of seismic data, and analysis of source-generated coherent noise appearance on seismograms. Results show that both seismic sources are suitable for some of the surfaces found in the surveyed area. The accelerated weight dropper produced the best results on gravel road surface, but poor results were found on grassland and ploughed fields. The seismic shotgun produced the best results in water-saturated soil on marshlands. It performed less favourably in unsaturated soil, generating more coherent noise. Water-saturated marshland surface and gravel road surfaces were found to be the most favourable for acquisition of high-resolution seismic reflection data on the Ljubljana Moor., Jure Atanackov and Andrej Gosar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4857. Field observations, laboratory rearing and descriptions of immatures of the planthopper Hyalesthes absoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)
- Creator:
- Sforza, Bourgoin, Thierry, Wilson, Stephen W., and Boudon-Padieu, Elisabeth
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, Hemiptera, Cixiidae, Hyalesthes absoletus, stadium infarktu, morfologie, řádkovací elektronová mikroskopie, 595.2/.7, and 5915
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The cixiid planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret is an efficient vector of the stolbur phytoplasma, the cause of various crop diseases. In the field, this monovoltine species feeds on a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants. It overwinters as larvae on the roots of its host plants. During this study, we collected adults mainly from lavender (Lavendula angustifolia Miller), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L. and C. sepium L.), hoary cress (Cardaria draba L.), and occasionally from plantain (Plantago cynops L.), toadflax (Linaria striata L.), bedstraw (Galium verum L.), and mountain savory (Satureia montana L.). Fertility of field collected females from sites at two different elevations differed significantly. Fertility at 300 m (50.6 eggs per female; N = 28) was more than twice that at 900 m (22.8 eggs per female; N = 19). Only one specimen of the species was found to be parasitized by an undetermined species of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). H. obsoletus was reared in controlled conditions on lavender. Unlike in the field, larvae developed in the laboratory at the base of the host plant and on basal shoots. Egg incubation averaged 7 ± 1.2 weeks (N = 10). Total development time from egg to adult averaged 27 ± 4 weeks (N = 5) on lavender. A morphological description of the five instars is provided. The study was supplemented by scanning electron microscopy. Particular attention was paid to the structure of the wax-plates and the absence of compound eyes in the early larval stages., René Sforza, Thierry Bourgoin, Stephen W. Wilson, Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4858. Fifth Congress of the European Society for Photobiology, September 1993, Marburg, Germany
- Creator:
- Šesták, Z.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4859. Fikční a historický narativ: setkání s postmoderní výzvou
- Creator:
- Doležel, Lubomír
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4860. Filantropie a sociální výzkum: poněkud opomíjená součást dějin sociálních věd
- Creator:
- Jan Balon
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- teorie vědy, dobročinnost, sociální výzkum, theory of science, sociální vědy, social research, social sciences, Rockefellerova nadace, institucionální dějiny, philanthropy, Rockefeller Foundation, institutional history, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Tato studie je recenzní statí ke knize: Christian FLECK, A Transatlantic History of the Social Sciences: Robber Barons, the Third Reich and the Invention of Empirical Social Research. London: Bloomsbury Academic 2011. Z témat, jež rozvíjí Fleckova kniha, sleduje především otázku, jak velké americké nadace formovaly a profilovaly výzkumnou agendu sociálních věd. Je zde předvedeno, jak definice vědy prosazovaná ve dvacátých letech minulého století velkými americkými nadacemi zcela zásadně proměnila samotnou ideu výzkumu a přinesla mnohé institucionální inovace. Vztah filantropie a sociálněvědního výzkumu je sledován jak v obecném smyslu, z hlediska formativních idejí ovlivňujících vývoj sociální věd a reálnou vědeckou praxi, tak i ve vztahu k různým národním tradicím, roli jednotlivých nadací a jejich aktivitám směřujícím k prosazení specifické koncepce vědeckého výzkumu. Pozornost je zde věnována zejména Rockefellerově nadaci, jejíž koncept "realistického“ výzkumu významně ovlivnil institucionální dějiny sociálních věd. Studie se rovněž zaměřuje na styl psaní, jenž se uplatňuje v současných textech o dějinách nadací, zejména ve srovnání s dosud převažujícím důrazem na studium intelektuálních dějin sociálních věd., This study reviews the book: Christian FLECK, A Transatlantic History of the Social Sciences: Robber Barons, the Third Reich and the Invention of Empirical Social Research. London: Bloomsbury Academic 2011. It concentrates mainly on one part of Fleck’s account: on the analysis of the ways foundations and philanthropic organizations profiled and shaped the research agenda and the politics of knowledge in the social sciences. It is demonstrated how the definition of science promoted in the 1920’s by major American philanthropic foundations fundamentally changed the very idea of research and produced many institutional innovations. The relation of philanthropy and social scientific research is pursued both in a general sense, in terms of formative ideas in, uencing the development of social sciences and the actual scientific practice, and in relation to various national research traditions, the role of individual foundations and the activities of foundations aiming to promote their conception of scientific research. A special attention is paid to the Rockefeller Foundation, as its concept of “realistic” research significantly in, uenced the institutional history of the social sciences. This study also focuses on the style of writing, which is employed in contemporary texts on the history of foundations, especially in comparison with the still prevailing accent on the study of social science’s intellectual history., and Jan Balon.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public