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29542. The Germans' Sonnwendfeier: From folk festival to radical right-wing mobilizing ritual
- Creator:
- Wingfield, Nancy M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Bund der Deutschen (BdD), celebration, invented tradition, Sonnwendfeier, and Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article analyzes the transition of German summer solstice celebrations in the Bohemian Lands from folk festivals to radical right-wing mobilizing rituals between the turn of the twentieth century and 1938. During the interwar period, these celebrations were a response to the historic and/or invented traditions of the First Republic, which were at the intersection of Czech (-oslovak) national identity as a construction of linguistic-cultural affiliation. The transformation of the Sonnwendfeier to a modern, mass, radical right-wing tool for organizing and maintaining a racial community parallels the growing radicalization of the nationally identifying Germans across Habsburg Central Europe between the world wars. Summer solstice celebrations played an important role in the construction of a Sudeten German community from the bottom up during the 1930s. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29543. The gradient of exciting radiation within a sample affects the relative height of steps in the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence rise
- Creator:
- Sušila, P., Lazár, D., Ilík, P., Tomek, P., and Nauš, J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- exciting irradiance gradient, model, O-J-I-P transient, optical property, and Pisum
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Measurement of the chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence rise (FR) under higher exciting irradiance (EI), the O-J-I-P transient, or under lower irradiance, the O-I-P transient, is a routinely used method to access photosystem 2 function in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Our measurements with a suspension of pea thylakoid membranes showed that the relative heights of the J and I steps in the FR depended not only on EI but also on the concentration and thickness of the sample. We explain this effect as a consequence of the gradient of EI within the sample. We tested this suggestion by theoretical simulations of the FR based on the model that was previously used for simulation of the FR considering in addition the gradient of EI within the sample. Our theoretical results correspond well with the experiments. The irradiance gradient effect may influence measured FR significantly and this fact should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of measured FRs. and P. Sušila ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29544. The Grand theory is alive: an interview with Jonathan H. Turner
- Creator:
- Turner, Jonathan H. and Jedlička, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29545. The gray zone as an oppositional communication channel. Czech experts, dissent and the environmental agenda
- Creator:
- Burget, Eduard, Loučová, Petra, Olšáková, Doubravka, and Kobylak, Skyland Vaclav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gray zone, dissent, Charter 77, ecology, Czechoslovakia, and normalization
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- With respect to the history of sciences under communism, we understand the gray zone to mean academic practices originating from the negotiated autonomy of academia and the need to respect scientific values such as objectivity and a critical approach to reality. Our research explores the links between academic communities that were not directly involved in dissident activities but actively supported dissent initiatives (very often for a limited period of time) and were linked to transnational scientific networks or social movements. Specifically, we analyze the involvement of socially engaged scientists employed by the official research institutions in dissident activities related to the environmental sciences.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29546. The H- and T-Reflex Response Parameters of Long- and Short-Distance Athletes
- Creator:
- Ozmerdivenli, R., Bulut, S., Urat, T., and Ahmet Ayar
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, H-reflex, T-reflex, Athlete, Electromyography, Training, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is well known that the training level of a muscle belongs to the parameters that affect the H-reflex response amplitude. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training type on H- and T-reflex response parameters. For this purpose, 20 long-distance athletes (group I, test group), 18 short-distance athletes (group II, test group) and 20 non-trained subjects (group III, control group) were involved in this study in which the H- and T-reflex amplitude and latency values were measured. The H-reflex amplitude and latency values found in groups I, II and III were 3.64±0.28 mV and 26.88±1.45 ms, 3.17±0.26 mV and 26.19±1.89 ms, and 6.07±0.34 mV and 26.77±1.32 ms, respectively. The T-reflex amplitude and latency values of the groups I, II and III were 3.30±0.18 mV and 32.01±1.02 ms, 3.11±0.20 mV and 31.47±1.16 ms, 4.24±0.21 mV and 31.47±1.16 ms, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to latencies of H- and T-reflexes (p>0.05). In both test groups, the amplitudes of the H-reflex and T-reflex were significantly smaller than the control group (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that training of muscles affect the H- and T-reflex response parameters., R. Ozmerdivenli, S. Bulut, T. Urat, A. Ayar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29547. The handling and fate of spermatophores in Neoentobdella diadema and N. apiocolpos (Monogenea: Capsalidae: Entobdellinae)
- Creator:
- Kearn, Graham C., Whittington, Ian D., and Euzet, Louis
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Monogenea, Entobdellinae, Neoentobdella diadema, Neoentobdella apiocolpos, Entobdella soleae, and spermatophores
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The elongated encased spermatophores of the capsalid (entobdelline) monogeneans Neoentobdella diadema (Monticelli, 1902) Kearn et Whittington, 2005 and N. apiocolpos (Euzet et Maillard, 1967) Kearn et Whittington, 2005 have been found attached by their proximal ends to the region of the vaginal opening, with the bulk of the spermatophore projecting from the vagina and therefore lying outside the body. In spite of previous reports, no spermatophores were found projecting from the common genital opening and if spermatophore exchange is as rapid as it is in the related entobdelline Entobdella soleae, then the chances of finding a spermatophore in this location are small. In N. diadema and N. apiocolpos it is likely that sperm enters the vagina through the open proximal end of an attached spermatophore, after which the empty spermatophore case is probably discarded. There is no evidence for a previous proposal that the whole spermatophore is engulfed by the vagina followed by digestion of the case to release the sperm. Three specimens of N. diadema were found each with two spermatophore cases projecting from the vagina and a specimen of N. apiocolpos carried three cases. Assuming that each parasite is able to donate or receive only one spermatophore at each mating, then the presence of one spermatophore does not prevent a further mating and acceptance of a fresh spermatophore. In spite of differences between the spermatophores of E. soleae and N. diadema/N. apiocolpos, the events of spermatophore exchange may be similar.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29548. The Henry Darcy Medal of the EGU in 2011 was awarded to Jan Szolgay
- Creator:
- Bálint, Gábor and Novák, Viliam
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Slovak
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29549. The heterogeneity of structural and functional photosynthetic characteristics of mesophyll chloroplasts in various parts of mature or senescing leaf blade of two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes
- Creator:
- Kutík, J., Holá, D., Vičánková, A., Šmídová, M., Kočová, M., Körnerová, M., and Kubínová, L.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chloroplast development, chloroplast dimensions, electron microscopy, Hill reaction activity, peripheral reticulum, photosynthesis, photosystem 1 activity, plastoglobuli, and thylakoids
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Differences in ultrastructural parameters of mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical activities of isolated MC chloroplasts were studied in the basal, middle, and apical part of mature or senescing leaf blade of two maize genotypes. A distinct heterogeneity of leaf blade was observed both for structural and functional characteristics of chloroplasts. In both mature and senescing leaves the shape of MC chloroplasts changed from flat one in basal part of leaf to nearly spherical one in leaf apex. The volume density of granal thylakoids decreased from leaf base to apex in both types of leaves examined, while the amount of intergranal thylakoids increased in mature leaves but decreased in senescing leaves. The most striking heterogeneity was found for the quantity of plastoglobuli, which strongly increased with the increasing distance from leaf base. The differences in chloroplast ultrastructure were accompanied by differences in other photosynthetic characteristics. The Hill reaction activity and activity of photosystem 1 of isolated MC chloroplasts decreased from leaf base to apex in mature leaves. Apical part of senescing leaf blade was characterised by low contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b, whereas in mature leaves, the content of Chls as well as the content of total carotenoids (Car) slightly increased from basal to apical leaf part. This was reflected also in the ratio Chl (a+b)/total Car; the ratio of Chl a/b did not significantly differ between individual parts of leaf blade. Both genotypes examined differed in the character of developmental gradient observed along whole length of leaf blade. and J. Kutík ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29550. The higher resistance to chilling stress in adaxial side of Rumex K-1 leaves is accompanied with higher photochemical and non-photochemical quenching
- Creator:
- Li, P.-M., Fang, P., Wang, W.-B., Gao, H.-Y., and Peng, T.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- carotenoids, chlorophyll, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, oxygen evolution, and xanthophyll cycle
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Responses of two sides of Rumex K-1 leaves to chilling stress (5 °C, photon flux density of 100 µmol m-2 s-1) were studied by using gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and spectrum reflectance techniques. The Chl and carotenoid contents in the two sides were not affected by chilling treatment, and both were higher in the adaxial side. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem (PS) 2 and fraction of functional PS1 in the abaxial side decreased more markedly than those in the adaxial side during the chilling treatment, indicating that the abaxial side was damaged more significantly than the adaxial side. Before chilling, there were no obvious differences in actual photochemical efficiency of PS2, photosynthesis, and photorespiration between two sides of the leaves. Under chilling stress, the actual photochemical efficiency of PS2, photosynthesis, and photorespiration all declined more significantly in the abaxial side, which was partly attributed to lower carboxylation efficiency in the abaxial side than that in the adaxial side. Non-photochemical quenching was higher in the adaxial side, though the de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle pigments' pool on basis of Chl was higher in the abaxial side. Both the slower decrease in the photochemical quenching and the higher non-photochemical quenching may account for the higher resistance to chilling stress in the adaxial side of Rumex K-1 leaves. and P.-M. Li ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public