High plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) are an independent risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, with about 50 % of the final levels being determined genetically. Apolipoprotein A5 ( APOA5 ) is the last discovered member of the apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, found by comparative sequencing analysis. The importance of APOA5 gene for determination of plasma triglyceride levels has been suggested after development of transgenic and knock-out mice (transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced TG, whereas knock-out mice had high TG). In Czech population, alleles C-1131 and Trp19 are associated with elevated levels of plasma TG and higher risk of myocardial infarction development. These alleles also play some role in nutrigenetics and actigenetics of lifestyle interventions leading to the plasma cholesterol changes as well as in the pharmacogenetics of statin treatment. On the contrary, APOA5 mutations detected in Czech population did not show strict effect on plasma TG levels. Val153 → Met variant exhibit the sex-specific effect of HDL-cholesterol levels. The suggested roles of APOA5 variants in determination of the plasma remnant particles, plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein or some anthropometrical parameters were excluded., J. A. Hubáček ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
HDL cholesterol resp. apolipoprotein A1 concentrations are tools to estimate individual CVD risk, although only a part of HDL particles participate in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). This discrepancy was analyzed in life style change based on increase of physical activity and dietary counseling. Efflux of cholesterol from pre-labeled macrophages to plasma acceptors of tested individuals was used as an RCT measure. Changes of lipoprotein parameters, glucose, fasting insulin concentrations and RCT were analyzed in 15 obese women after 9-week intervention consisted of 5 sessions of increased physical activity per week. Controlled increase in physical activity for 9 weeks induced a decrease of body weight averaging 9 kg (ranged from 2.3 to 15.5 kg). The intervention leads to significant decreases of triglycerides, apoprotein A1 and apoprotein B concentration, whereas total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol did not change significantly. The increase of RCT was not significant, but there was highly significant negative correlation between individual decrease of body weight and an increase of RCT. Significant increase of RCT was found in 13 persons with a weight reduction more than 3.5 kg. Substantial weight loss is necessary to increase RCT., I. Králová Lesná ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
It is well known that the consumption of moderate doses of alcohol leads to the increase of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). Atheroprotectivity of HDL particles is based primarily on their role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In the study with a crossover design 13 male volunteers were studied in two different regimens: i) drinking of 36 g alcohol daily and ii) drinking only non-alcoholic beverages, to test whether alcohol-induced increase of HDL cholesterol can affect cholesterol efflux (CHE) from cell culture of labeled human macrophages. Alcohol consumption induced significant (p<0.05) increases of HDL cholesterol from 1.25±0.32 to 1.34±0.38 mmol/l and Apo A1 from 1.34±0.16 to 1.44±0.19 g/l. These changes were combined with a slight increase of cholesterol efflux from 13.8±2.15 to 14.9±1.85 % (p=0.059). There were significant correlations between individual changes of HDL-C and Apo A1 concentrations and individual changes of CHE (0.51 and 0.60, respectively). In conclusion, moderate alcohol consumption changes the capacity of plasma to induce CHE only at a border line significance., I. Králová Lesná ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Over the last decade, C-reactive protein concentration analyzed by the high sensitivity method (hsCRP) has been proven as a marker of premature atherosclerosis. Concentration exceeding 2 mg/l represents an increased individual risk of myocardial infarction and stroke but strict application of this borderline is complicated by relations of CRP concentrations to other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In a large 1 % representative sample of the Czech population, a positive relation of hsCRP to BMI, a waist circumference and triglyceride concentration was documented. Substantial sex differences were found in its relationship to age. Whereas it is continuously increasing in men, this increase appears in women only after menopause. A substantial decrease of body weight and visceral fat volume by increased physical activity is accompanied by significant decrease of hsCRP in young obese women. This decrease was not related to a change of interleukin-6 concentration, although it is supposed to regulate CRP production. CRP concentration is partly under genetic control as a higher concentration in young siblings of probands with proved coronary atherosclerosis was documented. The participation of genes related to lipoprotein metabolism (genes for apolipoprotein CI and apolipoprotein E) influence hsCRP concentrations. We hypothesized that an increased concentration of hsCRP represents a certain marker of proinflammatory status related to central obesity and triglyceride metabolism and it might be related to individual properties of monocytes in atherogenesis., R. Poledne ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury