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13552. Cauchy problems in weighted Lebesgue spaces
- Creator:
- Cholewa, Jan W. and Dlotko, Tomasz
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cauchy problem, parabolic equation, global existence, and asymptotic behavior of solutions
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Global solvability and asymptotics of semilinear parabolic Cauchy problems in $\mathbb R^n$ are considered. Following the approach of A. Mielke [15] these problems are investigated in weighted Sobolev spaces. The paper provides also a theory of second order elliptic operators in such spaces considered over $\mathbb R^n$, $n\in \mathbb N$. In particular, the generation of analytic semigroups and the embeddings for the domains of fractional powers of elliptic operators are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13553. Cauchy's residue theorem for a class of real valued functions
- Creator:
- Sarić, Branko
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Kurzweil-Henstock integral and Cauchy's residue theorem
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Let $[ a,b] $ be an interval in $\mathbb R$ and let $F$ be a real valued function defined at the endpoints of $[a,b]$ and with a certain number of discontinuities within $[ a,b] $. Assuming $F$ to be differentiable on a set $[ a,b] \backslash E$ to the derivative $f$, where $E$ is a subset of $[ a,b] $ at whose points $F$ can take values $\pm \infty $ or not be defined at all, we adopt the convention that $F$ and $f$ are equal to $0$ at all points of $E$ and show that $\mathcal {KH}\hbox {\rm -vt}\int _a^bf=F( b) -F( a) $, where $\mathcal {KH}\hbox {\rm -vt}$ denotes the total value of the {\it Kurzweil-Henstock} integral. The paper ends with a few examples that illustrate the theory.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13554. Cauchy-like functional equation based on a class of uninorms
- Creator:
- Qin, Feng
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fuzzy connectives, distributivity functional equations, T-norms, T-conorms, and uninorms
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Commuting is an important property in any two-step information merging procedure where the results should not depend on the order in which the single steps are performed. In the case of bisymmetric aggregation operators with the neutral elements, Saminger, Mesiar and Dubois, already reduced characterization of commuting n-ary operators to resolving the unary distributive functional equations. And then the full characterizations of these equations are obtained under the assumption that the unary function is non-decreasing and distributive over special aggregation operators, for examples, continuous t-norms, continuous t-conorms and two classes of uninorms. Along this way of thinking, in this paper, we will investigate and fully characterize the following unary distributive functional equation f(U(x,y))=U(f(x),f(y)), where f:[0,1]→[0,1] is an unknown function but unnecessarily non-decreasing, a uninorm U∈Umin has a continuously underlying t-norm TU and a continuously underlying t-conorm SU. Our investigation shows that the key point is a transformation from this functional equation to the several known ones. Moreover, this equation has also non-monotone solutions completely different with already obtained ones. Finally, our results extend the previous ones about the Cauchy-like equation f(A(x,y))=B(f(x),f(y)), where A and B are some continuous t-norm or t-conorm.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13555. Cauda equina syndrome and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of the dog
- Creator:
- Jozef Maršala, Kafka, J., Naděžda Lukáčová, Dáša Čížková, Martin Maršala, and Katsube, N.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mícha, psi, spinal cord, dogs, cauda equina syndrome, nitric oxide synthase, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The development of the cauda equina syndrome in the dog and the involvement of spinal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (NOS-IR) and catalytic nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity were studied in a pain model caused by multiple cauda equina constrictions. Increased NOS-IR was found two days post-constriction in neurons of the deep dorsal horn and in large, mostly bipolar neurons located in the internal basal nucleus of Cajal seen along the medial border of the dorsal horn. Concomitantly, NOS-IR was detected in small neurons close to the medioventral border of the ventral horn. High NOS-IR appeared in a dense sacral vascular body close to the Lissauer tract in S1-S3 segments. Somatic and fiber-like NOS-IR appeared at five days post-constriction in the Lissauer tract and in the lateral and medial collateral pathways arising from the Lissauer tract. Both pathways were accompanied by a dense punctate NOS immunopositive staining. Simultaneously, the internal basal nucleus of Cajal and neuropil of this nucleus exhibited high NOS-IR. A significant decrease in the number of small NOS immunoreactive somata was noted in laminae I-II of L6-S2 segments at five days post-constriction while, at the same time, the number of NOS immunoreactive neurons located in laminae VIII and IX was significantly increased. Moreover, high immunopositivity in the sacral vascular body persisted along with a highly expressed NOS-IR staining of vessels supplying the dorsal sacral gray commissure and dorsal horn in S1-S3 segments. cNOS activity, based on a radioassay of compartmentalized gray and white matter regions of lower lumbar segments and non-compartmentalized gray and white matter of S1-S3 segments, proved to be highly variable for both post-constriction periods., J. Maršala, J. Kafka, N. Lukáčová, D. Čížková, M. Maršala, N. Katsube., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
13556. Caught in the cycle: economic conditions at enrollment and labor market outcomes of college graduates
- Creator:
- Bičáková, Alena, Cortes, Guido Matias, and Mazza, Jacopo
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic, bez média, svazek, and 51 stran : tabulky, grafy.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ekonomie, vysokoškolské studium, hospodářské cykly, experimentální ekonomie, college study, business cycles, experimental economics, 378.14, 338.12, 33-028.77, (048.8), 4, and 33
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Alena Bičáková, Guido Matias Cortes, Jacopo Mazza., Částečně tištěno napříč, Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
13557. Caught on camera: circumstantial evidence for fatal mobbing of an avian brood parasite by a host
- Creator:
- Šulc, Michal, Štětková, Gabriela, Procházka, Petr, Požgayová, Milica, Sosnovcová, Kateřina, Studecký, Jan, and Honza, Marcel
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ornithology, behavioural ecology, brood parasitism, nest defence, killing, and video evidence
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hosts have evolved a multiplicity of defensive responses against avian brood parasites. One of them is mobbing behaviour which often includes direct contact attacks. These aggressive strikes may not only distract the parasites but may also be fatal to them, as documented by cases of dead brood parasite females found near host nests. Here, we present the first video-recording of a great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) host whose vigorous nest defence appears to directly lead to the death of a female common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We suggest that the chance of parasite death probably rises with the presence of unfavourable factors, such as water below the nest. Our observation supports previous suggestions that hosts may pose a lethal danger to their parasites.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13558. Causa Cruciburgensis monetae magister rediviva
- Creator:
- Jan, Libor
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
13559. Causality and free will
- Creator:
- Hvorecký, Juraj
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- consciousness, free will, determinism, causality, kauzalita, vědomí, determinismus, and svobodná vůle
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- A comparison of Searle’s contrasting position on explaining consciousness and free will is conducted with an aim to show that while consciousness on his view presents a relatively easy problem, while free will is presented as a serious challenge to naturalism. We suggest that with a certain shift of perspective on causality, free will problem might be just as tractable as the problem of consciousness., Porovnání Searlovy kontrastní pozice s vysvětlením vědomí a svobodné vůle je prováděno s cílem ukázat, že zatímco vědomí na jeho pohled představuje relativně snadný problém, zatímco svobodná vůle je prezentována jako vážný problém pro naturalismus. Navrhujeme, že s určitým posunem pohledu na kauzalitu by mohl být problém svobodné vůle stejně praktický jako problém vědomí., and Juraj Hvorecký
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13560. Causality, contiguity, and construction
- Creator:
- Faye, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- causation, the regularity account, and causal modality
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The paper discusses the regularity account of causation but finds it insufficient as a complete account of our notion of causality. The attractiveness of the regularity account is its attempt to understand causation in terms of empirically accessible features of the world. However, this account does not match our intuition that singular causality is prior in normal epistemic situations and that there is more to causation than mere succession. Apart from succession and regularity, the concept of causality also contains a modal feature which allows us to engage in counterfactual discourses about singular causal events and to claim that a particular cause is both sufficient and necessary for its effect in the circumstances. However, we may directly observe singular causes, but the modal element is not something we can possibly observe. Rather, this element is something we add to our perception of succession. Thus, the paper suggests that the modal feature of causality is a mental construction which was originally formed by our knowledge of certain structural features of similar events in other situations. It stems not from what we actually observe but from what we have observed or may observe under different but relevant circumstances. So the concept of causation has partly an empirical content and partly a constructed one., Příspěvek pojednává o pravidelnosti pravidel příčinných souvislostí, ale považuje je za nedostatečný jako úplný popis našeho pojmu kauzality. Atraktivita pravidelnosti je jeho snaha porozumět příčinám z hlediska empiricky přístupných vlastností světa. Tento účet však neodpovídá naší intuici, že singulární kauzalita je předchozí v normálních epistemických situacích a že existuje více příčin než pouhé posloupnosti. Kromě nástupnictví a pravidelnosti obsahuje pojem kauzality také modální rys, který nám umožňuje zapojit se do kontrafaktuálních diskurzů o jednotlivých kauzálních událostech a tvrdit, že konkrétní příčina je dostatečná a nezbytná pro její působení za daných okolností. Můžeme však přímo pozorovat jednotlivé příčiny, ale modální prvek není něco, co bychom mohli pozorovat. Spíše, tento prvek je něco, co přidáváme k našemu vnímání posloupnosti. Příspěvek tedy naznačuje, že modální rys kauzality je duševní stavba, která byla původně tvořena naším poznáním určitých strukturálních rysů podobných událostí v jiných situacích. Nepochází z toho, co ve skutečnosti pozorujeme, ale z toho, co jsme pozorovali nebo mohou pozorovat za různých, ale relevantních okolností. Koncept příčinné souvislosti má zčásti empirický obsah a částečně konstruovaný. Nepochází z toho, co ve skutečnosti pozorujeme, ale z toho, co jsme pozorovali nebo mohou pozorovat za různých, ale relevantních okolností. Koncept příčinné souvislosti má zčásti empirický obsah a částečně konstruovaný. Nepochází z toho, co ve skutečnosti pozorujeme, ale z toho, co jsme pozorovali nebo mohou pozorovat za různých, ale relevantních okolností. Koncept příčinné souvislosti má zčásti empirický obsah a částečně konstruovaný., and Jan Faye
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public