Chromagen filters were developed as an aid for color blindness, but later also as a tool to fluent reading in dyslexia. Their function is based on the principle of wavelength shift and they affect large ganglion cells of the optic nerve (magnocellular system). Filters can reduce text distortions that most of dyslectics perceive. Reading should be easier and more comfortable. Chromagen filters are available in eight color variants. Appropriate color is selected for each eye individually. The research comparesthe immediate effect of chromagen filters on the reading rate and number of errors of dyslectic children and the control group, which consists of children with no reading problems. and Chromagenové filtry byly vyvinuty jako pomůcka pro kompenzaci poruch barvocitu, později se však začaly používat také jako nástroj umožňující plynulejší čtení při dyslexii. Jejich funkce je založena na principu posuvu vlnových délek a zároveň na jejich působení na velké gangliové buňky zrakového nervu (magnocelulární systém). Filtry mohou redukovat distorze textu, které jsou většinou dyslektiků vnímány. Čtení by tak mělo být jednodušší a pohodlnější. Chromagenové filtry jsou dostupné v osmi barevných variantách. Vhodná barva je volena pro každé oko zvlášť. Studie porovnává okamžitý vliv chromagenových filtrů na rychlost čtení a počet chyb u dyslektiků a u skupiny kontrolní, která je tvořena dětmi bez čtecích obtíží.
Organologická studie se zabývá nástrojem, který byl v držení harfenistky, pedagožky a hudební publicistky Marie Zunové-Skalské a dnes je uložen ve sbírkovém fondu NM-ČMH., Daniela Kotašová., Rubrika: Studie, and Anglické resumé na s. 384, anglický abstrakt na s. 365.
The function of chromogranin A (CGA) is reviewed, and the radioimmunometric determination of plasma CGA was evaluated as a marker of pheochromocytoma using a comparison of pheochromocytoma patients immediately before surgery (group P, n=25, 635±451 ng/ml) with other groups of patients, i.e. pheochromocytoma patients approximately 1 year after removal of tumor (group PP, n=13, 69±33 ng/ml), medullary thyroid carcinoma patients (group M, n=22, 106±59 ng/ml), congenital adrenal hyperplasy patients (n=33, 65±40 ng/ml), and controls (n=31, 66±29 ng/ml). A CGA level above cut off value 130 ng/ml was found in 24 of 25 patients in group P, 1 (relapse) of 13 patients in group PP, and 4 of 22 patients in group M. In the group P we found a significant association between the size of the tumors removed and plasma CGA concentrations (p=0.0016), and also a significant (p=0.0016) relationship between plasma CGA concentrations and PASS score rating the malignity of pheochromocytoma. We can conclude that plasma CGA concentration as determined by radioimmunometric assay (which is simple without the necessity of special laboratory equipment) is an effective marker of pheochromocytoma with association to malignity and tumor mass., R. Bílek, L. Šafařík, V. Ciprová, P. Vlček, L. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The molecular karyotype of Paranosema grylli Sokolova, Seleznev, Dolgikh et Issi, 1994, a monomorphic diplokaryotic microsporidium, comprises numerous bright and faint bands of nonstoichiometric staining intensity. Restriction analysis of chromosomal DNAs by ''karyotype and restriction display'' 2-D PFGE has demonstrated that the complexity of molecular karyotype of P. grylli is related to the pronounced length polymorphism of homologous chromosomes. The background of this phenomenon is discussed in the context of ploidy state, reproductive strategy and population structure in this microsporidium. We propose that the remarkable size variation between homologous chromosomes in P. grylli may be a consequence of ectopic recombination at the chromosome extremities.
We karyotyped six species of Microtus voles collected along the southern edge of their range in northern and western Iran. Diploid and fundamental numbers were as follows: M. socialis and M. paradoxus 2n = 62, FNa = 60,
M. qazvinensis 2n = 54, FNa = 54, M. transcaspicus 2n = 52, FNa = 52, and
M. mystacinus (= M. rossiaemeridionalis) 2n = 54, FNa = 54. Two cytotypes were retrieved in M. irani from its type locality: 2n = 48, FNa = 46 and 2n = 64, FNa = 62. While our results confirmed an early report of 2n = 64 for this vole, the 2n = 48 cytotype remains unexplained. Karyological variability is relatively low in social voles and chromosomal data contribute little to individual species recognition. We argue that Arvicola mystacinus
De Filippi, 1865, described from Lar Valley (north-east of Tehran) is the oldest available name for 2n = 54 voles with the following synonyms:
M. subarvalis Meyer, Orlov & Skholl, 1969, M. epiroticus Ondrias, 1966, and
M. rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924.