Článek je odpovědí prof. Munzarové, jež kritizovala mou obhajobu sebevraždy za asistence lékaře. Článek upozorňuje na nedostatky v replice prof. Munzarové, jež plynou z autorčina podceňování normativní teorie. Mezi tyto nedostatky patří: přehlížení argumentů oponenta; zpochybňování morálního kreditu nositelů konkurenční teorie (utilitarismu) namísto její kritické analýzy; nevyjasněná vlastní teoretická východiska (lavírování mezi paternalismem a autonomií, vydávání „principu dvojího účinku“ za stanovisko zdravého rozumu); nepřesvědčivá verze „argumentu kluzkého svahu“ (ignorování diametrálních rozdílů mezi současnými požadavky některých pacientů na asistovanou smrt a nacistickým programem nedobrovolné eutanazie)., The article is an answer to prof. Munzarová who criticised my defence of physician‑assisted suicide. The article points to shortcomings in the reply of prof. Munzarová which flow from the author’s underestimation of normative theory. Among these shortcomings are the ignoring of the arguments of her opponent; her calling into question the moral credit of the proponents of the competing theory (utilitarianism) rather than a critical analysis; unclear theoretical principles (a switching between paternalism and autonomy, the presentation of the “principle of double-effect” as the standpoint of common sense); an unconvincing version of the “argument of the slippery slope” (ignoring the diametrical differences between the contemporary demand of some patients for assisted death and the Nazi programme of involuntary euthanasia)., and Tomáš Hříbek.
Geophysical data are used not only, in geological mapping, exploration of mineral resources, hydrogeology, but are also important for other branches such as environmental protection, civil engineering and archeology. That is why, within the project CzechGeo/EPOS (www.czechgeo.cz), geophysical data access is solved as a separate topic under the guidance of the Czech Geological Survey (hereinafter CGS). In accordance with the current needs of national and international activities (INSPIRE, EPOS, IAGA), an inventory of available data, its consolidation and harmonization according to national and international standards is conducted. The aim is to store securely and permanently valuable data, which in many cases cannot be reinstated. On the example from the Nízký Jeseník Mts. possible advantages and utilization of Archive data for mapping and verification of the movement tendencies gained from GNSS networks – EPN, EAST SUDETEN and MORAVA are demonstrated. Very valuable information for the interpretation of structural and tectonic conditions is provided by geophysical data (seismic reflection profiles, gravity and magnetic data, etc.) in the area of interest, especially in terms of monitoring the main fault systems and the character of the basement structures.
Research of the physiological traits of a long-distance migratory insect, the common cutworm Spodoptera litura, in relation to flight and reproduction, was focused on triacylglycerol (TG) levels and their fatty acid composition.
Tethered flight experiments demonstrated that three-day old male moths can fly more than 20 h. Among eight identified fatty acids of which the adult TG is composed, the ratios of the following unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (C 16:1), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2) and linolenic acid (C 18:3), gradually declined with longer flight duration. On the other hand, the TG levels of non-flown males reared for ten days on only water, were the same as those of three-day old males after 12 hr of flight, but the ratios of these unsaturated fatty acids in TG's remained nearly unchanged. These results suggest that the unsaturated fatty acids in TG are mainly used as a flight energy source.
As ovarian development in females of this species occurs shortly after adult emergence, long-distance migratory capacity has been regarded as highly unlikely. In fact, ovarian development was completed within three days after adult emergence and females laid eggs thereafter. During this three day period TG increased in the ovary, accompanied by increasing ratios of unsaturated fatty acids in the TG's and the ovary eventually occupied most of the abdomen, in spite of a nearly constant level of TG in the abdomen and unchanged ratio of its unsaturated fatty acids. These facts support the transfer of TG from the fat body to the ovary, and further suggest that the mature females utilize the TG deposited in the ovaries as a flight energy source. Then if they migrate a long distance, they use residual TG after flight for egg production.
Larvae of the stag beetle, Dorcus rectus, feed on decaying wood, which they digest with the aid of symbiotic yeasts; however, they can be successfully reared on artificial diets containing only fungal tissue. In this study we tested whether D. rectus larvae can utilize fungal cell walls, which are an insoluble component of mycelium. Lyophilized Bjerkandera adusta mycelium cultured in potato-dextrose liquid medium consisted of a 47.6% hot-water insoluble fraction by mass, which contains 53.7% of the total nitrogen in the mycelium. D. rectus larvae that hatched from surface-sterilized eggs were reared for 14 days on agar-based diets containing either the soluble fraction, insoluble fraction or both, extracted from 100 mg of mycelium. The larvae increased in mass most on the mixed diet, and there was no difference in their growth on the mixed and positive control diets. Both the soluble and insoluble fractions improved larval growth compared to the negative control diet; however, the growth rates were much lower than those expected from the nitrogen dose-growth response curve obtained in a previous study. Addition of b-chitin to the soluble fraction did not positively affect larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that (1) D. rectus larvae need both the soluble and insoluble fractions of mycelium and (2) the larvae digest the insoluble fraction using their own enzymes., Masahiko Tanahashi, Kôhei Kubota., and Seznam literatury
První část knihy podává na základě publikovaných programových dokumentů ideový vývoj polské opozice a jejích nejznámějších mluvčích. Druhá a třetí část pak reprodukuje a interpretuje náhledy pozoruhodných intimních deníků dvou významných komunistických činitelů, člena polského stranického vedení Mieczysława Rakowského (1926–2008) a novináře Józefa Tejchmy (narozen 1927). Recenzent dává knize vysoké ocenění a vyzvedává jádro jejího sdělení, že československý rok 1968 ukončený sovětskou vojenskou intervencí se stal pro polskou opozici mementem v úvahách, jak daleko lze zajít v pokusech o změnu současného systému v Polsku. and On the basis of published programme statements, the first part of the work under review discusses the ideological development of the Polish opposition and its best-known spokesmen. The second and third parts reproduce and interpret glimpses of the remarkable private diaries of two important Communists, one a member of the Party leadership, Mieczysław Rakowski (1926–2008), the other a journalist, Józef Tejchma (b. 1927). The reviewer praises the publication and appreciates the core of its message – namely, that the Prague Spring of 1968, which was brought to an end by the Soviet-led military intervention, became a factor in the considerations of the Polish opposition, particularly with regard to how far it was possible to go when attempting to change the contemporary system in Poland.
V muzejní sbírce dosud nepovšimnuté fragmenty kachlů, vyrobených za pomoci stejného kadlubu, z dvorů Holákov a Rájov u Pelhřimova doplňují představu o utrakvistické ikonografii výzdoby pozdně gotických kamen v Čechách. Na výzdobném reliéfu je znázorněn zemský patron sv. Václav jakožto obránce přijímání pod obojí: běžná ikonografie světce je doplněna o atribut kalicha. Prezentované kachle pocházejí z oblasti, která za současného stavu poznání představuje nejvýraznější ohnisko výskytu kachlů s utrakvistickými motivy v někdejším Českém království. V závěru příspěvku si autoři kladou otázky nad úlohou výzdoby gotických kamen coby média konfesních idejí. and Fragments of stove tiles from the Holákov and Rájov estates near Pelhřimov, produced with the same mould and remaining unnoticed in a museum collection until now, provide additional information on Utraquist iconography in the decoration of Late Gothic tiled stoves in Bohemia. The decorative relief shows the patron saint of Bohemia, St Wenceslaus, as the defender of the practice of receiving the Eucharist under both kinds: the standard iconography of the saint is supplemented with the attribute of a chalice. The presented stove tiles come from an area which, under the current state of research, represents the greatest concentration of stove tiles with Utraquist motifs in the former Kingdom of Bohemia. At the conclusion of the article, the authors raise questions regarding the role of decoration on Gothic tiled stoves as a medium of religious ideas.
Etnogeneze Slovanů zůstává frekventovaným tématem historického a archeologického výzkumu. Etnicitu nahlížejí nyní archeologové i historici v zásadě jako akt vědomého přihlášení, což vysvětluje důraz kladený na identitu jako kategorii historické analýzy. Na základě rozboru historického a archeologického dokladového materiálu vztahujícího se k 6. a 7. stol. předkládá článek argumentaci v tom smyslu, že v zájmu dalšího rozvoje poznání by se bádání o (slovanské) etnogenezi mělo oprostit od opakování stereotypů uložených v pozdně antické etnografii. Současně autor předkládá nový analytický model, odvozený ze současných přístupů ke konstrukci etnicity prostřednictvím hmotné kultury, a ilustruje některé důsledky, které z něho pro české a moravské země vyplývají and The ethnogenesis of the Slavs remains a popular topic of historical and archaeological research. Ethnicity is now viewed by both archaeologists and historians as fundamentally performative, which explains the emphasis placed on identity as a category of historical analysis. On the basis of an analysis of the historical and the archaeological evidence pertaining to the 6th and 7th centuries, this paper argues that in order to make any progress the research on (Slavic) ethnogenesis needs to distance itself from the practice of perpetuating the stereotypes embedded in the late antique ethnography. At the same time, the author advances a new model of analysis derived from recent approaches to the construction of ethnicity through material culture, and illustrates some of its implications for the Czech and Moravian lands.