Autoři ve svém příspěvku uvádějí první výsledky šetření, které bylo zaměřeno na zjištění hmotností školních tašek chlapců a dívek 1. a 2. tříd základních škol v olomouckém regionu. Celkem byla zjištěna hmotnost u 502 školních tašek, změřeno 502 dětí (263 dívek a 239 chlapců). Z výsledků měření je zřejmé, že hmotnost tašky se zvyšuje s postupem žáků do vyšší třídy. Největší rozdíl mezi minimální a maximální hodnotou hmotnosti tašky byl zjištěn u 8letých dívek, činil 8,9 kg. Výsledky ukázaly, že procentuální podíl hmotnosti tašky doporučeným 10 % tělesné hmotnosti dítěte odpovídal pouze u 17,5 % dětí. 82,5 % dětí pak nosí aktovky těžké (10–20 %), přičemž 18,3 % dětí nosí aktovky o hmotnosti nad 20 % své tělesné hmotnosti, což už lze považovat za extrémně těžké. Nepřiměřená hmotnost školní tašky pak může ovlivňovat držení těla a výskyt bolesti zad., Effects of the weights of school bags carried by pupils from the first two classes of primary schools in the Olomouc region (502 schoolbags belonging to 263 girls and 239 boys) on the pupils’ posture were examined. The weight of the schoolbags of pupils from the 2nd year class was found to be higher than of pupils in the first year. The greatest difference between minimum and maximum weights (8.9 kilograms) was detected in the schoolbags of 8 year old girls. Only 17.5% of children carried bags that were within the recommended 10% of the child’s body weight. Thus, 82.5% of the children carry heavier bags and 18.3% of these pupils carry extremely heavy bags (over 20% of their body weight).We conclude that the excessive weight of school bags contributes to poor posture and backache amongst these children., Hana Kabátová, Miroslav Kopecký, Dana Strnisková, Jitka Tomanová, and Literatura 5
The reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two combinations of oximes (HI‑6 + trimedoxime and HI‑6 + K203) was compared with the effectiveness of antidotal treatment involving single oxime (HI‑6, trimedoxime, K203) using in vivo methods. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin‑inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is slightly higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood, diaphragm as well as in brain. Moreover, both combinations of oximes were found to be slightly more efficacious in the reduction of acute lethal toxic effects in cyclosarin‑poisoned mice than the antidotal treatment involving single oxime. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the antidotal treatment involving chosen combinations of oximes brings a beneficial effect for its ability to counteract the acute poisoning with cyclosarin., Jiří Kassa, Jana Zdarová Karasová, Růžena Pavlíková, Filip Caisberger, Jiří Bajgar, and Literatura 36
Introduction: We studied influence of mud-bath on bone status in male Wistar rats with subchronic arthritis. Methods: Arthritis was induced by 2 subplantar injections of Freund’s adjuvans with heat-killed Streptoccocus pyogenes into paw. Groups: intact (int) on chippings; (con) arthritis on chippings; (san38) arthritis on hot sand; (mu38) arthritis on hot mud; (mu21) arthritis on mild mud. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and femurs were tested biomechanically. Bone markers osteocalcin (OC), PINP and CTX were analysed in bone. Results: BMD of right femur decreased vs. left in san38 (p = 0.030) and mu38 (p = 0.047). Fracture load of right/left femur (N) decreased in experimental groups, significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). Fracture threshold of neck decreased in right vs. left in experimental groups, but significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). OC decreased in mu38 vs. con (1.84 ± 0.14/2.62 ± 0.23). PINP decreased in int vs. san38 (p = 0.005) and mu21 (p < 0.001). CTX decreased in int vs. mu38 (p = 0.006) and mu21 (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The hot bath appears indifferent in relation to osteoporosis, while cold mud-bath shows good effect on bone metabolism. The cold mud-baths help to reduce arthritic inflammation and pain and thereby lead to higher mobility with positive consequence on bone., Helena Živná, Ljiljana Maric, Iveta Gradošová, Klára Švejkovská, Soňa Hubená, Pavel Živný, and Literatura 19
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress inadequate immune response. Psoriasis is recognized as a T -cell driven immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disease with skin manifestation. Effective therapeutical approach to treat psoriasis is Goeckerman therapy (GT ). The aim of this study was to compare the number of Treg in the peripheral blood of 27 psoriatic patients and 19 controls and to evaluate the influence of GT on Treg population in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis. There was no significant difference in the relative number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of healthy blood donors and patients with psoriasis before initiation of GT (P = 0.2668). In contrary, the relative number of Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis after GT was significantly higher than those found in healthy blood donors (P = 0.0019). Moreover, the relative number of Treg is significantly increased in psoriatic patients after Goeckerman therapy compared to the pre-treatment level (P = 0.0042). In conclusion, this significant increase in Treg count after GT is probably associated with amelioration of inflammation by GT , as disease activity expressed as PASI decreased in our patients by GT (P = 0.0001)., Kateřina Kondělková, Doris Vokurková, Jan Krejsek, Lenka Borská, Zdeněk Fiala, Květa Hamáková, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 39
Cíl práce: Lipoperoxidace je dávána do příčinné souvislosti s rozvojem nejdůležitějších rizikových faktorů kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. Lipoperoxidační procesy jsou důsledkem reakcí lipidů s volnými radikály bez ohledu na jejich původ. Vztah mezi triacylglyceroly (TAG) a volnými radikály (VR) není zcela jasný. Může se dokonce stát, že hypertriacylglycerolémie je doprovázena nízkými koncentracemi VR a naopak. Jedno z možných vysvětlení spočívá ve vztahu lipoperoxidace a složení mastných kyselin v molekulách TAG. Cílem této studie bylo analyzovat vztah složení mastných kyselin v TAG a produkci VR u pacientů trpících diabetes mellitus 2. typu. Typ studie: observační s kontrolní skupinou Materiál a metody: Studie zahrnovala 18 normotriacylglycerolemických (NTG) jedinců (M/F 12/6) a 24 hypertriacylglycerolemických (HTG) jedinců (M/F 16/8). Pacienti v obou skupinách byli diabetici 2. typu. Analýzu mastných kyselin v triacylglycerolech plazmy jsme provedli kapilární plynovou chromatografií a koncentrace volných radikálů byly změřeny přímou spektrofotometrií. Statistické analýzy (parametrické i neparametrické) byly provedeny pomocí statistického software STATISTICA pro Windows. Výsledky: Ve skupině HTG jsme pozorovali nižší zastoupení kyseliny myristové (14:0) (1.62 [1.23-2.07] vs. 1.90 [1.72-2.79], p = 0.022, [medián (1.-3. kvartil]) a vyšší poměr alfa-linolenové kyseliny (18:3n-3) (1.51 [1.21-1.86] vs 1.16 [1.02-1.42], p = 0.021). Poměr kyselin arachidonové/eikosapentaenové byl ve skupině HTG nižší (5.54 [3.62-7.98] vs 7.25 [5.98-15.12], p = 0.027). Když jsme HTG skupinu dále rozdělili podle koncentrací VR na tercily, prokázali jsme nižší hodnoty poměru kyseliny arachidonová/eikosapentaenová ve druhém tercilu (4.05 [2.66-4.67] vs 7.64 [5.83-11.00], 1. tercil, a 6.21 [3.20-8.31], 3. tercil p = 0.019). V spojených HTG+NTG skupinách jsme zaznamenali negativní korelaci mezi MA a TAG (r = -0.3153, p = 0.045). V triaclylglycerolech jsme prokázali pozitivní korelace VR a kyseliny stearové (p < 0.001) spolu s negativní korelací některých n-6 vícenenasycených mastných kyselin (18:3n-6, p < 0.05, 22:5n-6, p < 0.01). Závěr: Zastoupení mastných kyselin v molekulách TAG je spojeno s tvorbou VR. Nicméně do tohoto vztahu vstupují i jiné faktory., Objective: The lipoperoxidation plays a causal role in the development of most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The lipoperoxidation results from the reaction of lipid molecules with free radicals, regardless of their origin. The relationship between triacylglycerols (TAG) and the free radicals (FR) amount is not clear. Thus, it can turn up that the hypertriacylglyceridaemia is accompanied with the low values of FR, or vice versa. One possible explanation of this phenomenon is that the degree of lipoperoxidation of TAG is dependent on the composition of fatty acids (FA) in their molecule. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze FA composition in TAG and its relationship to FR production in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: observational study with internal control group Material and Methods: 18 normotriacylglycerolemic (NTG) individuals (12M/6F) and 24 hypertriacylglycerolemic (HTG) patients (16M/8F). Patients in both groups were persons, suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fatty acid analysis of plasma triacylglycerols was performed by gas chromatography and free radicals were determined by direct spectrophotometric method. Statistical analyses (both parametric and non-parametric) were performed with the statistical software STATISTICA for Windows. Results: We found lower content of myristic acid (14:0) (1.62 [1.23-2.07] vs. 1.90 [1.72-2.79], p = 0.022, [median (1st-3rd quartile)]) and higher content of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) (1.51 [1.21-1.86] vs. 1.16 [1.02-1.42], p = 0.021) in HTG group. The ratio of arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid was in HTG group lower (5.54 [3.62-7.98] vs. 7.25 [5.98-15.12], p = 0.027). When the HTG group was stratified into the tertiles by the FR concentrations, we observed lower values in the second tertile for ratios based on arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (4.05 [2.66-4.67] vs. 7.64 [5.83-11.00], 1st tertile, and 6.21 [3.20-8.31], 3rd tertile, p = 0.019). In pooled groups, we proved negative correlation between MA and TAG (r = -0.3153, p = 0.045) and the link between FR and FA composition of TAG expressed as positive relationship of FR with content of stearic acid (p < 0.001) and negative correlation with some n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:3n-6, p < 0.05, 22:5n-6, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The composition of FA in TAG molecules has undoubtedly some relationship to the FR generation. However, the other factors seem to play a role, since the relationship is not straightforward within entire FR range., and Vecka M., Tvrzická E., Votruba M.
BACKGROUND: The presence of several risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) has greater impact on the risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) than single risk factor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to establish possible relations between genotypes and alleles of 677C>T polymorphism of MTHFR gene and some traditional risk factors e.g. elevated levels of lipid parameters and smoking in development of premature CAD. METHODS: The groups comprised 152 patients with angiographically documented premature CAD (aged 42.9 +/- 5.5) and 121 age-matched blood donors (aged 42.3 +/- 6.5) were studied. The MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was genotyped with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: Patients with TT genotype who simultaneously smoked had increased risk of premature CAD compared to non-smoking cases with CC genotype (OR = 24.62). We also found that individuals with TT genotype and elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-chol.) level had significantly higher risk of CAD (OR = 9.92) than individuals with normal LDL-chol. level and CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that simultaneous presence of MTHFR TT genotype and smoking or elevated levels of LDL-chol. influences the risk of premature CAD. This findings give interesting contribution to gene-environment interaction problem that may have clinical implications in the future. and B. Sarecka-Hujar, I. Zak, J. Krauze
BACKGROUND: The current treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of performing periodic whole blood phlebotomies. Erythrocytapheresis (EA) can remove up to three times more red blood cells per single procedure and could thus have a clinical benefit. A prospective study of 30 consecutive cases of HH were included in a periodic EA program. METHODS AND PATIENTS: EA were performed using a discontinuous flow cell separators. The protocol consisted of a bimonthly EA until normalization of the serum ferritin was reached. The aim was to reduce the total erythrocyte volume by 25-35%, eventually, to adjust the amount so that hematocrit would not drop below 0.25. RESULTS: 530 +/- 101 ml of erythrocytes were removed (median 517, range 116-761 ml). Iron depletion (ferritin < 20 microg/l) was achieved in all patients after a mean 6.9 +/- 7.6 months, median 5 months, range 1-36 months and a mean 14 EA sessions. The procedures were well tolerated and there were no severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HH patients treated with EA achieved iron depletion quickly under good conditions of tolerance. The efficacy, speed, tolerability, and more favorable schedule of an EA program facilitate treatment of HH. and V. Rehácek, M. Bláha, H. Jirousová, J. Cernohorská, P. Papousek