This article discusses the surface adjustment possibilities for X-ray optics manufacturing using galvanic replication method. For manufacturing of this kind of optics, the essential parameter is microroughness. This parameter determines incident rays reflection’s quality and effectivity. We have tested and compared two ways of refinementthe mandrel surface. The first technique was RF sputter etching and the second ion beam surface treatment. The result quality was evaluated using AFM and X-ray reflectometry. and Tento článek se zabývá možnostmi úpravy povrchu mandrelů pro výrobu rentgenové optiky metodou galvanické replikace. Při výrobě této optiky je zcela zásadním parametrem mikrodrsnost, určující kvalitu a efektivitu odrazu dopadajícího záření. Zabývali jsme se testováním a porovnáním dvou způsobů zušlechťování povrchu mandrelů. Byla použita technika čištění vysokofrekvenčním plasmatem a opracování iontovým svazkem. Kvalita výsledných povrchů byla vyhodnocována pomocí měření mikroskopie atomárních sil (AFM) a na RTG reflektometru.
The paper deals with tapered optical fibres, their preparation and applications for sensing. Enhancement of evanescent wave overlap with an analyte is possible to achieve by tapering telecommunication fibres or steering-wheel microstructured optical fibres. It leads to increasing of sensitivity of detection in comparison to untapered fibre structure. Tapered optical fibre with immobilized optical-chemical transducer on the tip was used as a probe for local pH detection. Tapered single-mode or microstructured optical fibres were successfully prepared by a PC-controlled fibre puller of the own construction. and Článek se zabývá zúženými optickými vlákny, jejich přípravou a využitím pro senzorové aplikace. Zúžením telekomunikačních vláken nebo mikrostrukturních vláken s velkými plášťovými otvory lze dosáhnout většího překryvu evanescentní vlny s analytem, čímž se zvýší citlivost detekce ve srovnání s nezúženou strukturou. Zalomené zúžené optické vlákno s imobilizovaným opticko-chemickým převodníkem na špičce bylo využito jako optická vláknová sonda pro měření pH. Příprava navržených zúžených jednovidových nebo mikrostrukturních optických vláken byla realizována na počítačem řízeném zařízení vlastní konstrukce.
In 2018, during a rescue archaeological excavation taking place in one of the gardens of Staré Město near Uherské Hradiště, 23 early medieval graves containing skeletal remains of 26 individuals were detected. The site is situated on the northern border of the well-known Great Moravian burial ground ‘Na Valách’. In a large number of the newly excavated graves, greater or lesser deviations from the usual funeral rite were recorded. While the established burial rite in Great Moravian society means the deceased lies on their back in the supine position with extended extremities and head towards the west, here we found skeletons in very different orientations, lying in a prone or crouched position, or, at least, with unusual positions of their upper or lower limbs. Additionally, some of the graves contained incomplete or no skeletons. There is also one double burial and a triple burial, and several graves in superpositions. In nine graves, objects of material culture were found, the most important of them come from the rider’s grave 20/2018. The presented study aims to interpret the burial contexts using the bioarchaeological approach, which is, however, affected by the quality of the preserved finds, especially skeletal remains.
Nedávno jsme v tomto časopise (JMO 4/2009) v článku nazvaném''Před pořízením systému vojáka pro AČR'', popsali náš názor na projekt tzv. systému vojáka, v AČR tehdy pojmenovaný jako ''Voják 21.století''. Nyní je tento projekt veden v Armádě České republiky (AČR) pod názvem modulární bojový komplet (MBK). I náš pohled doznal za uplynulé dva roky určitého posunu, který se odrazil i v návrhu řešení, jež označujeme zkratkou BIG-OŠ, tedy Battlefield Integrated Groups - organizace a školení. Kombinací anglického a českého názvu chceme vyjádřit jak naše národní specifikace a požadavky, tak i skutečnost, že je tento systém připraven na použití v rámci vojenských struktur NATO. Tomuto přístupu odpovídá i systémové složení kompletu, jež vhodně kombinuje národní a alianční prvky a technologie. Tento přístup zde chceme stručně představit. and Recently we described in the JMO journal article, called ''Before acquisition of the soldier system for the Czech Army'', our estimation of so-called the soldier system project, in the Czech Army known like ''Soldier 21st century''. Nowadays, this project is registered under the designation Modular Combat Set (MBK) in the Czech Army. Our view has reached certain shift for last two years and that reflected the proposal of solution, which we have marked like BIG-OŠ - Battlefield Integrated Groups - the organization and training. By the combination English and Czech appellation we want to expresses both our national specification and requirements and the fact that this system is ready for use within the scope of the NATO military configuration. The attitude corresponds to the systematic structure of the set, which combines appropriately not only the national and alliance factors but also the technologies. We would like to introduce the above mentioned attitude briefly in the following text.
One of the most abundant immunologic cell types in early decidua is the uterine natural killer (UNK) cell that despite the presence of cytoplasmic granules rich in perforin and granzymes does not degranulate in normal pregnancy. UNK cells are important producers of angiogenic factors that permit normal dilation of uterine arteries to provide increased blood flow for the growing feto-placental unit. Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration can trigger an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines impairing the normal immune cells activity as well as uterine homeostasis. The present study aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the reactivity of perforin and α-actin on UNK cell from LPStreated pregnant mice. For the first time, we demonstrate that LPS injection in pregnant mice causes α-actin down regulation, concomitantly with perforin loss in UNK cells. This suggests that LPS alters UNK cell migration and activates cytotoxic granule release., B. Zavan, A. M. do Amarante-Paffaro, V. A. Paffaro Jr., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Based on stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) measurements, photosynthetic pathway types were determined for 61 species in 54 genera and 24 families of flowering plants from the saline meadows of Northeastern China. Of these total vascular plants, 18 species in 17 genera from 6 families were found to have C4 photosynthesis; 43 species in 38 genera from 20 families had C3 photosynthesis. Six dicotyledonous species exhibited C4 pathway, 12 monocotyledonous species were found with C4 photosynthesis. The dicotyledonous C4 species had relative greater mean δ13C value and less total carbon content than both monocotyledonous C4 and C3 species. Most dicotyledonous C4 species were annual forbs and halophytes. Some C4 species had been previously documented, but their δ13C values varied remarkably from those of the present study. Even though there are some fluctuations for the δ13C values of some C4 species, δ13C value was still more reliable for C3 and C4 identification than the use of the enzyme ratio method and of low CO2 compensation concentration.
Plants have developed various photoprotective mechanisms to resist irradiation stress. One of the photoprotective mechanisms described in the literature for LHC2-containing organisms involves a down-regulation of photosystem (PS) 2 occurring simultaneously with the build-up of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH). It is often correlated with deepoxidation of xanthophylls located in LHC2. In Rhodophyta instead of LHC2, the peripheral antenna of PS2 consists of a large extramembrane complex, the phycobilisome (PBS), which transfers its excitation to the core antennae of PS2 composed of the CP43 and CP47 protein-chlorophyll complexes and there is no xanthophyll cycle. In the red alga Rhodella violacea a ΔpH-dependent chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence quenching can be formed. We characterised this quenching, studied the effects of various irradiances and inhibitors. Under photoinhibitory conditions, the ΔpH-dependent Chl fluorescence quenching exerts a photoprotective role and delays the kinetics of photoinhibition. It is the first time that such a photoprotective mechanism is described in PBS-containing organisms. and M. Ritz, K. V. Neverov, A.-L. Etienne.