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Start Over Format bez média Subject Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie

911. Systems analysis in hypertension: complementary role of physiologists and geneticists

Creator:
Josef Zicha, Ivana Vaněčková, and Jaroslav Kuneš
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article, úvodníky, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, fyziologie, genetika, hypertension, physiology, genetics, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
J. Zicha, I. Vaněčková, J. Kuneš. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

912. Targeted deletion of MMP-9 attenuates myocardial contractile dysfunction in heart failure

Creator:
Moshal, K. S., Rodriguez, W. E., Sen, U., and Tyagi, Suresh C.
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, biofyzika, srdeční selhání, physiology, biophysics, heart failure, endothelial-myocyte uncoupling, ventricular contraction, volume overload, left ventricle (LV) rings, aortocaval shunt, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Chronic volume overload (VO) on the left ventricle (LV) augments redox stress and activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) which causes the endocardial endothelial-myocyte (EM) disconnection leading to myocardial contractile dysfunction. VO-induced MMP-9 activation impairs cardiac functions, in part by endothelial endocardial apoptosis, but the role of MMP-9 on EM functions remains obscure. We conjecture that chronic VO activates MMP-9 and causes EM uncoupling. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was created in genetically identical wild type (WT) mice (FVB/NJ) and MMP-9 knockout mice (MMP-9KO, FVB.Cg-MMP9tm1Tvu/J). Sham-operated mice were used as controls. Before experimentation the phenotype analysis of MMP-9KO mice was carried out. In-gel-gelatin zymography for MMP-9 activation was performed on LV homogenates. The EM functions were determined on LV rings using tissue myobath. We report a decrease in MMP-9 activity in left ventricular myocardial extracts in MMP-9 deficient mice after AVF. The responses to drugs affecting cardiac functions (acetylcholine (Ach), nitroprusside and bradykinin) were attenuated in AVF mice suggesting the impairment of EM coupling. Interestingly, the EM functions were restored in the MMP-9 deficient mice after AVF. We suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship between MMP-9 activation and EM uncoupling in LV myocardium after chronic VO and the possible involvement of MMP-9 in myocardial contractile performance., K. S. Moshal, W. E. Rodriguez, U. Sen, S. C. Tyagi., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

913. Taste Aversion Learning and Aging: A Comparison with the Effect of Dorsal Hippocampal Lesions in Rats

Creator:
Moron, I., Ballesteros, M.A., Candido, A., and Gallo, M.
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Type:
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Aging, Conditioned blocking, Hippocampal, Latent inhibition, Taste aversion learning, Rat, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The relationship between hippocampal function and aging was explored in Wistar rats using taste aversion learning by comparing the performance of adult dorsal hippocampal lesioned and fifteen-month-old intact rats with that of adult intact rats. In experiment 1 the conditioned blocking phenomenon was absent in the hippocampal and the aging rats. Unlike the adult intact rats, the hippocampal and aging rats were not impaired in acquiring a learned aversion to a cider vinegar solution (3 %) presented as a serial compound with a previously conditioned saccharin solution (0.1 %). In experiment 2 both the hippocampal and the aging rats developed reduced aversions to a saline solution (0.5 %) followed by an i.p. injection of lithium chloride (0.15 M; 2 % b.w.) if the taste solution was previously preexposed without consequences. This latent inhibition effect was similar to that seen in intact adult rats. In both experiments, the aging rats exhibited enhanced conventional learned taste aversions. It is concluded that aging is not a unitary process but induces both hippocampal dependent and hippocampal independent complex changes in the functioning of the neural circuits, implementing taste aversion learning., I. Moron, M.A. Ballesteros, A. Candido, M. Gallo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

914. Temperature dependence of blood surface tension

Creator:
Jozef Rosina, Kvašňák, E., Šuta, D., Hana Kolářová, Jiří Málek, and Ladislav Krajči
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, povrchové napětí kapalin, teplota, surface tension, temperature, human blood serum, sediment, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Whole blood surface tension of 15 healthy subjects recorded by the ring method was investigated in the temperature range from 20 to 40 °C. The surface tension σ as a function of temperature t (°C) is described by an equation of linear regression as σ(t) = (-0.473 t + 70.105) × 10-3 N/m. Blood serum surface tension in the range from 20 to 40 °C is described by linear regression equation σ(t) = (-0.368 t + 66.072) × 10-3 N/m and linear regression function of blood sediment surface tension is σ(t) = (-0.423 t + 67.223) ×10-3 N/m., J. Rosina, E. Kvašňák, D. Šuta, H. Kolářová, J. Málek, L. Krajči., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

915. Terguride attenuates prolactin levels and ameliorates insulin sensitivity and insulin binding in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats

Creator:
Věroslav Golda, Mária Ficková, Ľudmila Pintérová, Jana Jurčovičová, Ladislav Macho, and Zórad, Š.
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, prolactin, obese SHR, insulin binding, fat tissue, insulin sensitivity, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, insulin receptors in epididymal fat tissue, circulating total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations as well as serum prolactin were studied in obese and lean spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of both sexes. Obese animals displayed insulin resistance and elevated insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Moreover, in obese rats the increased mass of epididymal fat tissue was accompanied with decreased capacity of high affinity binding sites of insulin receptors in the tissue plasma membranes. Terguride treatment lowered prolactin serum levels which was accompanied by ameliorated insulin sensitivity in obese animals of both sexes. In addition, terguride treatment decreased serum insulin and triglyceride concentrations in obese females and at the same time enhanced the affinity of high affinity insulin binding sites. Our results show that obesity in SHR is associated with a decreased capacity of insulin receptors and that prolactin may play a role in obesity-induced insulin resistance, particularly in female rats., V. Golda +, M. Ficková, L. Pinterová, J. Jurčovičová, L. Macho, Š. Zórad., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

916. Testosterone in relation to behavioral problems in pre-pubertal boys with autism spectrum disorders

Creator:
Pivovarciova, A., Durdiakova, J., Silvia Hnilicová, Filcikova, D., and Daniela Ostatníková
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article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, testosteron, hyperaktivita, autismus, testosterone, hyperactivity, autism, autism spectrum disorders, conduct problems, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairment in social communication and presence of stereotyped/restricted behaviors. Children with ASD very often demonstrate co-morbid psychiatric problems, problems known to be affected by testosterone in neurotypical populations. However, there are few reports investigating relationships between testosterone and psychiatric conditions in children with ASD. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plasmatic levels of testosterone and behavioral/emotional problems in pre-pubertal boys with ASD. The study sample consisted of 31 pre-pubertal boys (ages 3-10) with ASD. Parents completed the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) to assess specific behavioral/emotional problems as observed in the previous 2 months. Plasmatic testosterone levels were determined in boys according to standardized procedures. It was found that there were positive correlations between testosterone levels and the conduct problems subscale (p=0.034, rs=0.382) of NCBRF and also between testosterone levels and the hyperactive subscale (p=0.025, rs=0.402) of NCBRF. Findings in this study are in line with research conducted in the neurotypical population. This is the first large study investigating testosterone and emotional/behavioral problems in ASD and warrants further research in this field in order to clarify the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric co-morbidities and improve their treatment., A. Pivovarciova, J. Durdiakova, S. Hnilicova, D. Filcikova, D. Ostatnikova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

917. TGF-beta1 expression and chronic allograft nephropathy in protocol kidney graft biopsy

Creator:
Ondřej Viklický, Ivo Matl, Luděk Voska, Radka Böhmová, Marcela Jarešová, Jiří Lácha, Alena Lodererová, Ilja Stříž, Vladimír Teplan, and Štefan Vítko
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, transplantace ledvin, biopsie, kidney transplantation, biopsy, chronic rejection, fibrogenesis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) represents a frequent and irreversible cause of long-term renal graft loss. TGF- β 1 is a key profibrogenic cytokine associated with CAN pathogenesis. Because of clinical diagnostic inaccuracy, protocol biopsy has been suggested to be a beneficial method for early CAN detection. Protocol core biopsy was carried out in 67 consecutive cyclosporine-based immunosuppression-treated kidney transplant recipients with stable renal function 12 months after renal transplantation. Biopsy specimens were analyzed morphologically according to Banff-97' criteria and immunohistologically for TGF- β 1 staining. The data obtained were correlated with plasma TGF- β 1 levels and clinical data. CAN (grade I-III) was found in 51 patients (76 %). CAN grade I was found to be the most frequent one (44 %). A normal finding within the graft was made in only 12 patients (18 %). Clinically silent acute rejection Banff IA was present in 4 patients (6 %). In 8 patients (12 %) with CAN, borderline changes were present. We found a significant correlation between CAN grade and creatinine clearance, as measured by the Cockroft-Gault formula (p<0.01) as well as body mass index (p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between chronic vasculopathy (Banff cv) and creatinine clearance, and between the degree of TGF- β 1 staining and chronic vasculopathy (p<0.01). There were no relations between morphological findings and TGF- β 1 plasma levels, cyclosporine levels, plasma lipids, HLA- mismatches, panel reactive antibodies (PRA), proteinuria, and the donor's age. In conclusion, CAN is a frequent finding in protocol kidney graft biopsies 12 months after transplantation. TGF- β 1 tissue expression is linked with chronic vasculopathy., O. Viklický, I. Matl, L. Voska, R. Böhmová, M. Jarešová, J. Lácha, A. Lodererová, I. Stříž, V. Teplan, Š. Vítko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

920. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of uncoupling protein-1 in the brown adipose tissue of hypothyroid rats: comparison with effects of iopanoic acid

Creator:
Petrović, N., Gordana Cvijić, and Davidović, V.
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, brown adipose tissue, hypothyroidism, rat, antioxidant enzymes, uncoupling protein, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The activity of antioxidant enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as that of the mitochondrial FAD-dependent a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (a-GPD) in the rat interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were studied after the treatment with methimazole (MMI) for three weeks or with iopanoic acid (IOP) for five days. Besides, the mitochondrial concentration of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and the activity of catecholamine degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the IBAT as well as the activity of the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH) in rat serum were examined. Judging by the significantly enhanced level of serum DBH, which is an index of sympathetic activity, and that of IBAT MAO, the increase in MnSOD and CAT activities in the IBAT of hypothyroid (MMI-treated) rats seems to be due to elevated activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, CuZnSOD activity is not affected by SNS. On the contrary, IOP, which is a potent inhibitor of T4 deiodination into T3 producing "local" hypothyroidism, did not change either SNS activity or activities of IBAT antioxidant enzyme. However, both treatments significantly decreased IBAT UCP-1 content and a-GPD activity suggesting that the optimal T3 concentration in the IBAT is necessary for maintaining basal levels of these key mitochondrial parameters., N. Petrović, G. Cvijić V. Davidović., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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