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1. "In wie weit diese Aufführung an Vollkommenheit der Erwartung unpartheyischer Kenner entsprochen habe, mag der Leser aus folgender kurzen Uebersicht entnehmen": Rhetorische Figuren und kritische Strategien der Theaterkritik im Prager Zeitschriftenwesen der 1790er Jahre

Creator:
Jakubcová, Alena
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Iffland, August Wilhelm, 1759-1814, periodika, osvícenství, divadlo, periodicals, enlightenment, theater, Vídeň (Rakousko), Praha (Česko), Vienna (Austria), Prague (Czechia), literary criticism, theatre criticism, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on early theatre criticism in Prague and Vienna at the end of the 18th century. It analyzes the argumentational forms and critical strategies. The 1790s are represented by three periodicals: Der Wahrheitsspiegel (Prague 1796-1798), Österreichische Monatsschrift (Prague - Vienna 1793-1794) and Der Theatralische Eulenspiegel (Prague 1797). The study is based on a close reading of six specific theatre critiques. It deals with epoch-typical critical postulates, with taste (Geschmack), impartiality (Unparteilichkeit) and the aesthetic concept of theatre as a real illusion (wahre Täuschung). This analysis of individual attitudes is also a contribution to the description and interpretation of theatre history and repertoire reforms., Alena Jakubcová jun., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. "They now have to create an entirely different vehicle, if they want to catch up with other nations...": Prague literary culture in enlightenment-era travelogues

Creator:
Dobiáš, Dalibor
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
osvícenství, enlightenment, Rakousko (1526-1804), Austrian monarchy (1526-1804), travelogues, literacy criticism, Habsburg Monarchy, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article deals with the representation of literary culture in the Bohemian lands in late 18th and early 19th century travelogues as an influential literary genre of the late Enlightenment period. Against the background of their authors’ (mostly North and Central German travellers’) views on the Habsburg monarchy, the Bohemian lands and Prague in particular, as well as their education and art, the article seeks to analyse the variety of perspectives and the clash of external and domestic perspectives, as well as their description strategies. It draws attention both to the ideologisation and interconnection of the travelogue discourse and to the reactions of domestic authors to the travellers’ generalizing criticisms and their forms. To summarize, the article argues that the traditional classification of travelogues as predominantly pro- or anti-Slavic does not exactly hit the mark in this period, for travelogues do reflect the discussion on Czech literary culture in the Bohemian lands in statu(re-)nascendi in the context of local history and the enlightenment of the common folk., Dalibor Dobiáš., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Alois Klar mezi slepotou a osvícením: vědění, moc a vynález sociální péče

Creator:
Fapšo, Marek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Klar, Alois, 1763-1833, osvícenství, sociální péče, národní hnutí, nevidomí, dějiny lékařství, dějiny pedagogiky, oftalmologie, enlightenment, social care, nationalist movement, blind, history of medicine, history of educational science, ophthalmology, disciplinace, biomoc, disciplination, biopower, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This study on Alois Klar (1763-1833) focuses mainly on his achievements as a pedagogue and his work for the visually impaired. Methodologically, it draws on Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Michel Foucault, enabling us to view the evolution of social care as a concomitant of the emerging modern state and integral to its structure. The study presents an analysis of the beginnings of Klar’s Prague institute for the visually impaired against a background of rapid changes in medicine, the scope of the state, and educational thinking. At a time of compulsory school attendance and new approaches to education, when the state demanded the active participation of its subjects/citizens in propagating its aims and the values of society as a whole, the blind and partially sighted were given access to a full and systematic education. We also present data concerning Klar’s educational work and thinking (he taught in Litoměřice and at Prague University), and examine the internal workings of the newly established institute - one of the first of its kind in Europe - and its contacts with the medical discourse of the emerging science of ophthalmology., Marek Fapšo., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Antimonachismus v české osvícenské společnosti: obsahová analýza tří antimonachistických brožur

Creator:
Hasan, Petr
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
církevní dějiny, osvícenství, lidská přirozenost, askeze, church history, enlightenment, human naturalness, asceticism, antimonachismus, antimonachism, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This study deals with reforms by Josef II, in particular with the abolition of the monasteries as recorded in contemporary sources supporting the reforms being carried out. The author selects some significant themes treated by the proponents of reform. The main theme is the criterion of human nature. Related themes include: monks’ asceticism, celibacy, monasteries as the quintessence of baroque piety, and mendicant orders., Petr Hasan., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Báseň a dějiny: příspěvek k literárním počátkům Ignáce Cornovy

Creator:
Fapšo, Marek
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Enlightenment, poetry, Ignác Cornova, 18th century, war poetry, Seven Years War, enlightenment, patriotism, national movement, osvícenství, básnictví, 18. století, válečná poezie, sedmiletá válka, patriotismus, and národní hnutí
Language:
Czech
Description:
This text considers the early creative output of Ignác Cornova, in particular his lesserknown odes and his war poetry. It draws on contemporary research of the latter third of the 18th century focussing on the dynamic social change of the period, the transformation of the media, the emergence of a modern ‘public’, and changing perceptions of artistic as opposed to educational output. One of the difficulties of conceptualizing this period is the existence of two opposing trends – the older ‘Baroque’ tradition and the more ‘modern’ currents of the future national movement. Our text largely obviates this dichotomy by proposing a framework in which Cornova’s oeuvre is seen as evidence of an idiosyncratic cultural situation with its own features and markers. The aim of our study is to place Cornova’s early works within the literary context of his time – a context hard to appreciate today. We are not looking for the ‘future’ Cornova in those beginnings, nor the ‘embryos’ of his later development. Rather, we hope to rehabilitate the literary context in the Czech lands in the 1770s and 1780s as it veered between late Baroque odes, war reportage, and enlightenment patriotism. Alongside Cornova we consider now forgotten figures such as Vojtěch Koťara, Michael Denis, Johann Joseph Eberle and Václav Thám. The result is not a group biography, but rather a problem analysis of one segment of a period that defies unequivocal definition.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Časopis Religion und Priester (1782-1784) a otázka kněžského celibátu: kapitola z dějin osvícenské náboženské kritiky

Creator:
Pěček, Vít
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
celibát, kněží, osvícenství, katolicismus, kritika náboženství, celibacy, priests, enlightenment, critique of religion, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study deals with the journal Religion und Priester, which was published between 1782 and 1784 in Prague and Vienna. At first, the author tries to summarize some basic facts on the journal, correcting some errors concerning its publishing and authorship. The core of the study consists in the analysis of its criticism of priestly celibacy. Religion und Priester discussed this problem repeatedly, using various strategies of argumentation based on history, philosophy of human nature and political thought., Vít Pěček., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Cirkulace, import a export osvícenství

Creator:
Smyčka, Václav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Czech Lands, 18th century, cultural transfer, Galicia, české země, 18. století, osvícenství, kulturní transfer, and Halič
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article is a response to Daniela Tinková’s study Enlightenment as ‘vernacularization of knowledge’. In the first part we comment on the positive aspects of Tinková’s conception of the history of the Enlightenment, but also on the lack of clarity concerning the nature of knowledge as both a component of cultural transfer and the outcome of that process. The second part changes perspective, focussing on ‘the transfer of Enlightenment’ and the ‘radiation’ of Enlightenment from the Czech Lands to surrounding regions of the Habsburg monarchy, especially Galicia. For this reason the Czech Lands assumed a regional hegemony in many areas of administration and economic and intellectual life. We also attempt to explain the motivations for accepting ‘Enlightenment knowledge’ while relativizing the power asymmetries in these processes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Der Wiener Dramatiker Paul Weidmann und sein aufklärerisches Konzept des Theaters (an Fallbeispielen)

Creator:
Giel, Joanna
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
18. století, osvícenství, divadlo, Rakousko (1526-1804), Austrian monarchy (1526-1804), stage drama, Josephinism, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This article discusses the Enlightenment concept of theatre as formulated in the work of the Viennese playwright Paul Weidmann, who was active in the reign of Joseph II (1765-90). In Weidmann’s conception, theatre has two main functions: one is to provide a theoretical basis (the idea of a national theatre; theatre as a school of moral educational); the second is to delineate a socio-historical context. The themes explored by Weidmann are civil war and wars of religion, and the question of how to level social differences - problems that still very much beset the modern world. In the face of current religious, political and economic conflicts, Weidmann’s stage plays still carry a powerful message., Joanna Giel., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. Dítě z lesa jako filosofický problém: několik poznámek k filosofickému pozadí Itardovy Zprávy o Victorovi z Aveyronu

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
speciální pedagogika, znakový jazyk, osvícenství, special education, sign language, enlightenment, filozofie osvícenství, teorie výchovy, philosophy of the enlightenment, theory of education, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The aim of the present paper is to examine certain philosophical issues which have set the tone of the philosophical reflection in eighteenth century France in relation to a specific case study: that of the "wild child" known as Victor of Aveyron. Found in 1800 in central France, Victor was later transferred to the Parisian Institute of the Deaf­Mutes, where he became the object of educational activities of Jean­Marc Itard, a medical expert known for his works on the problem of hearing loss. Through a brief critical examination of the most notorious philosophical texts dealing both with the question of wild children and deafness (namely by Rousseau, Diderot and Condillac), we attempt to show that the specificity of Itard’s educational method consists in an application of the sensualist approach towards the human individual (as it is exemplified especially in the work of Condillac) on a concrete human subject, considered as a tangible proof of the inexistence of innate ideas. On this basis, we sketch several broader questions concerning the status of anomaly in the eighteenth century philosophical thought (namely, wild children and deafness), as well as some hypotheses on education and its fantasmatic aspects in general., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public