The significance of ABO blood system groups antigens in development of some malignant tumors is already established. The alteration of hormonal homeostasis must also be taken into account. Hence the aim of the investigation was to study ABO and Rh blood system antigens and hormonal status among reproductive age women with benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: The determination of hormones was made by the enzymatic analysis method (ELAIZA), provided by proper ELAIZA kits. For the study of ABO and RhHr system antigens, internationally recognized immunoserology methods were used. Results: High index of the breast gland tumors were revealed in patients with A(II) phenotypic group, according to the ABO system. The frequency distribution of O(I) phenotypic group was low among women with breast tumors. Among D, C, E, c and e antigens of the Rh system, the frequency of D and E antigens were increased in benign and malignant breast tumors patients. The study of hormonal balance revealed thyroid gland hypofunction and increased level of estradiol on the background of increased testosterone and decreased progesterone levels. Such hormonal imbalance and excess production of estradiol creates conditions for malignant tumor formation in reproductive age women. Conclusion: The highest frequency of breast cancer in reproductive age was revealed in A(II) group patients. The wide spectrum of hormonal disorders were revealed in breast tumor patients of the reproductive age, which was especially clear in cases of malignant tumor., Irina Nakashidze, Nanuli Kotrikadze, Anzor Diasamidze, Marina Nagervadze, Manana Alibegashvili, Liana Ramishvili, Manana Gordeziani, and Literatura
The article presents the results of research into component composition of raw calendula’s essential oil. The study was conducted by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry method under the following conditions: column - CP- Wax58FFAPCB 24,5 mm x 250 mm x 0,20 mm nominal, the mobile-phase-He (helium), speed-column mobile phase -1.0 ml /min, volume sample injection - 5 mkl; resolutions (5:1), in the Split, high-boiling chamber -220°C, detector temperature 275°C; Aux-200°C, column temperature 70°C gradually increased from 10°C / min to 250°C, maintained to the end of analysis temperature regime (250°C) for 5 min. muurololnaftalenol-8.522%. In addition, it was ascertained that in different parts of the world calendula’s essential oils differ from each other in qualitative composition and quantitative components., Aziza Juraeva, Olim Azizov, Viloyat Abdullabekova, Nodira Yunusxodjaeva, and Literatura
Backround: Worldwide, approximately 1 billion people, from which 200250 million are women, smoke. Based on the Estonian Medical Birth Register data, in 2010, 7,5% of pregnant women were smokers, and in 2012, 7% of pregnant women were smoking during their pregnancy. Thus, smoking rates among pregnant women fell only 0,5%. The objective of the research was to find out the views of pregnant women who were smoking during pregnancy of the effect of smoking on the health of them and their babies, and experiences in quitting smoking, changing indicators, e.g. smoking and socioeconomical status (initial exposure to smoking, employment, longterm partnerships etc.) in 20092013. Methods: This research is a phenomenological study, which was being carried out from October 2009 until January 2013. Data collection methods were semistructured interviews with 45 pregnant women smoking during their pregnancy and being registered for antenatal care in three health care institutions of Republic of Estonia. An inductive approach for qualitative analysis was used. Results: Most women smoking during pregnancy started smoking in their teens, their parents smoked, they were under 30 years old housewives or unemployed. On an average of 1120 cigarettes were consumed each day, the pregnancy of the research group did not influence frequency and tobacco intake. The participants in the research group reported that tobacco consumption helped them relax, gave them a chance to spend time in a good company, and it was not regarded as a bad habit but a social addiction, being caused by availability of tobacco products. Although most of them had an opinion about harmful effects of smoking, e.g. a cough, asthma and rapid fatigue, on the health of them and less on their expected babies, they continued smoking. Conclusions: The smoking and socioeconomical status of women smoking during pregnancy in 20092013 has not changed, health awareness of them is low and has not improved. Support groups with close relatives are needed to motivate cessation. In the first place, prevention needs a good example, purposeful cooperation, which starts in daily life context at homes, in educational institutions and in the community. Limiting the availability of tobacco products, postponing and preventing an initial exposure to smoking are thought to be of great importance. The results of the research will be introduced in health care institutions and they can be used in the health promotion process., Urve KaasikAaslav, Mare Vanatoa, Ene Kotka, and Literatura
Od objavenia mimobunkovej fetálnej DNA v krvi matky uplynulo už 16 rokov. Avšak až v priebehu posledných 5 rokoch prebieha čoraz viac výskumov za účelom stanovenia jej presnej charakteristiky, koncentrácie a molekulárnej veľkosti, ktoré sa neskôr premietli do jednotlivých testov. Tie sú ale dostupné len v posledných 2 rokoch. Pri aktuálnom trende preferovania neinvazívnych metód prenatálnej diagnostiky a ich posúvania do obdobia prvého trimestra sa stanovenie mimobunkovej fetálnej DNA v krvi matky ukazuje ako veľmi perspektívnou metódou diagnostiky chromozómových aberácií u plodov. Jej širšie uplatnenie je limitované malým počtom štúdií na nerizikových skupinách pacientok a v nemalej miere aj ekonomickou náročnosťou vyšetrenia. Aj napriek tomu sa však táto metóda čoraz viac rozširuje zo Spojených Štátov Amerických do celého sveta, čo znižuje náklady na ňu, a stáva sa dostupnejšou pre čoraz väčší počet pacientok. Ukazuje sa, že táto metóda by v rámci podrobnejšieho vyšetrovania u rizikových pacientok mohla perspektívne minimalizovať riziko fetálnych strát, ktoré sú závažnou komplikáciou invazívnych metód prenatálnej diagnostiky., It has been 16 years since there has been a discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in mother‘s blood. However in the last 5 years there has been more researching done in the purpose of its specific diagnosis, concentration and molecular size, which have later on reflected into particular tests. These have been available only in the past 2 years. Within the actual trend in preference of non-invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis and its shifting into first trimester the examination of mother’s blood has been showing as a very perspective method for early cell-free fetal DNA discovering of chromosome aberration diagnosis of fetus. Its wider enforcement is unfortunatelly limited by a small amount of studies within non-risk pregnancy groups of patients as well as its higher financial cost. Despite of this information this method is extending further more from United States of America into whole world which lowers its costs and its becoming more accesible for a wider amount of patients. Within detailed researching in a group of risk pregnancy patients this method could perspectively minimize a risk of fetus loss which is main complication of invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis., Rastislav Sysák, Peter Štencl, Barbora Izrael Vlková, Katarína Greksová, Viera Oroszová, Marcel Hrebenár, and Literatura
Infantilní hemangiomy jsou nejčastějšími benigními vaskulárními nádory novorozeneckého a kojeneckého věku. Jedná se o nádory s velmi dobrou prognózou. Většina infantilních hemangiomů spontánně zcela regreduje v prvních deseti letech života. Jen deset procent infantilních hemangiomů vyžaduje nějakou terapii. V současné době je preferováno použití b-blokátoru propranololu. Ostatní typy benigních cévních nádorů je zapotřebí diferenciálně diagnosticky odlišit pro zahájení vhodné terapie a určení prognózy. Předložený článek shrnuje základní poznatky o hemangiomech u novorozenců. V závěru článku je zmíněna krátká kazuistika, kdy byla léčba rozsáhlého hemangiomu zahajována po konzultacích na našem pracovišti za kontroly kardiology., Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors of neonatal and infancy. These are tumors with a good prognosis. Most infantile hemangiomas spontaneously regress completely in the first decade of life. Only ten percent of infantile hemangiomas require some therapy. Currently it is preferred to use b-blocker propranolol. Other types of benign vascular tumors are needed to distinguish the differential diagnosis for initiation of appropriate therapy and prognosis. The present article summarizes the main findings of hemangiomas in infants. In conclusion, the article mentions a short case study, in which treatment was initiated extensive hemangioma after consultations at our clinic for checks cardiologists., Martin Pánek, and Literatura
Autorky příspěvku seznamují s dílčími výsledky vlastní sociometricky zaměřené metody, kterou aplikovaly ve třídách druhého stupně jedné ZŠ v České republice. V příspěvku je věnována pozornost hlavně těm výstupům, které se vztahují ke skupince dětí s nadváhou a obezitou. Pro adolescentní děti je prostředí školy a školní třídy důležitou součástí sociální reality, která značně ovlivňuje utváření jejich sebedůvěry, sebevědomí, identity a z těchto hledisek ovlivňuje po řadu kritických let kvalitu jejich života. Některé klinicky zaměřené zahraniční publikace tuto realitu reflektují a okolnostem života dětí s nadváhou a obezitou ve školním prostředí věnují pozornost (Kiess et al., 2009; Pallan et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2005; Skidmore, Yarnell, 2004). Vzhledem k malému počtu dětí s nadváhou a obezitou byly výsledky v diskusi a v závěrečné části příspěvku shrnuty jen popisným způsobem., The authors of this article acquaint with the partial results of their own sociometric focused method, that they applied on the second stage of one elementary school in the Czech Republic. Attention is paid mainly to those outcomes, that relate to a group of children with overweight and obesity. For adolescent children are school environment and school classes important part of social reality, that greatly affects the formation of self-confidence, self-esteem, identity and affects many aspects of their quality of life during these crucial years. Even some clinically oriented foreign publications reflect this reality and pay attention to these circumstances of these children´s life (Kiess et al., 2009; Pallan et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2005; Reilly et al., 2012; Skidmore, Yarnell, 2004). Taking into account the small number of this specific group, the results were summarized in the final part of article only in a descriptive way., Včelařová H., Bendová M., and Literatura
Celosvětové počet onemocnění zhoubným nádorem vzrůs tá. Stejná situace je i v České republice, přičemž ta patří z hlediska epidemiologi e zhoubných nádorů mezi nejzatíženější státy Evropy. Sdělení diagnózy nádor ového onemocnění je pro pacienta těžko pochopitelné a může u něj spustit silné emočn í reakce. V tomto náročném období je sociální opora – přátelé, rodina či partner/ka – dů ležitější a stávají se zdrojem jistoty a spokojenosti. Výzkum se zaměřuje na zjištění výsk ytu úzkosti a deprese u pacientů s kolorektálním karcinomem a zjištění vlivu sociáln í opory na výskyt deprese a úzkosti u těchto pacientů. Byl použit kvantitativní výzkum využívající ex-post facto výzkumný design. Ke sběru dat byly použity tři standardizova né dotazníky: PSSS, BDI-II., BIA. Soubor respondentů tvořilo 113 respondentů – 55 pac ientů proktologické ambulance a 58 respondentů kontrolního souboru. Získávání dat prob ěhlo v roce 2012–2013. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že se vzrůstající mírou sociální opory k lesá míra úzkosti (r = − 0,899) i míra deprese (r = − 0,910). Sociální opora tak byla potv rzena jako významný protektivní faktor zdraví. Dobrá sociální opora je významný fak tor vedoucí ke snížení úzkosti a deprese u onkologických pacientů, a tím přispívá ke zlepšení průběhu nemoci., Number of malignant diseases has been increasing wo rldwide. The situation is similar in the Czech Republic, which seen from the epidemiolog ic perspective belongs among countries with the highest incidence in Europe. For the patients, it is difficult to grasp the diagnosis of malignant disease and may trigger stro ng emotional reactions. The aim focuses on establishing the rate of anxiety and dep ression in patients with colorectal cancer and to determine the effect of social suppor t on the prevalence of anxiety and depression in these patients. A quantitative resear ch was used, using ex-post facto research design. Three standardised questionnaires were used to collect data: PSSS, BDI-II. The research group comprised of 113 respond ents – 55 clients of proctological outpatient surgery and 58 respondents in the contro l group. The data were gathered in 2012-2013. The results indicate that with the highe r level of social support, the lower degree of anxiety (r = − 0,899) as well as depressi on. (r = − 0,910). Thus, social support was confirmed as a significant health-protective fa ctor. A good social support is an important factor contributing to lower degree of an xiety and depression in oncology patient, thus helping in the course of the disease., Ježorská Š., Vévoda J., Petrášová H., Ivanová K., Kozáková R., and Literatura