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292. Hypothermic preservation of rat hearts using antifreeze glycoprotein
- Creator:
- Takago, Shintaro, Matsumoto, Isao, Kato, Hiroki, Saito, Naoki, Ueda, Hideyasu, Iino, Kenji, Kimura, Keiichi, and Takemura, Hirofumi
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- antifreeze glycoprotein, hypothermic preservation, and rat
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Antifreeze proteins are an effective additive for low-temperature preservation of solid organs. Here, we compared static hypothermic preservation with and without antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP), followed by nonfreezing cryopreservation of rat hearts. The heart was surgically extracted and immersed in one of the cardioplegia solutions after cardiac arrest. Control rat hearts (n=6) were immersed in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution whereas AFGP-treated hearts (AFGP group) (n=6) were immersed in UW solution containing 500 μg/ml AFGP. After static hypothermic preservation, a Langendorff apparatus was used to reperfuse the coronary arteries with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution. After 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, the heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF), cardiac contractile force (max dP/dt), and cardiac diastolic force (min dP/dt) were measured. Tissue water content (TWC) and tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the reperfused preserved hearts were also assessed. All the parameters were compared between the control and AFGP groups. Compared with the control group, the AFGP group had significantly (p<0.05) higher values of the following parameters: HR at 60, 90, and 120 min; CF at all four time points; max dP/dt at 90 min; min dP/dt at 90 and 120 min; and tissue ATP levels at 120 min. TWC did not differ significantly between the groups. The higher HR, CF, max dP/dt, min dP/dt, and tissue ATP levels in the AFGP compared with those in control hearts suggested that AFGP conferred superior hemodynamic and metabolic functions. Thus, AFGP might be a useful additive for the static/nonfreezing hypothermic preservation of hearts.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
293. Ibuprofen does not impair skeletal muscle regeneration upon cardiotoxin-induced injury
- Creator:
- Dalle, Sebastiaan, Poffé, Chiel, Hiroux, Charlotte, Suhr, Frank, Deldicque, Louise, and Koppo, Katrien
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- záněty, cyklooxygenáza 2, inflammations, cyclooxygenase 2, NSAID, mTORC1 signaling, muscle recovery, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Muscle regeneration is regulated through interaction between muscle and immune cells. Studies showed that treatment with supra-physiological doses of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) abolished inflammatory signaling and impaired muscle recovery. The present study examines the effects of pharmacologically-relevant NSAID treatment on muscle regeneration. C57BL/6 mice were injected in the tibialis anterior (TA) with either PBS or cardiotoxin (CTX). CTX-injected mice received ibuprofen (CTX-IBU) or were untreated (CTX-PLAC). After 2 days, Il-1β and Il-6 expression was upregulated in the TA of CTX-IBU and CTX-PL vs. PBS. However, Cox-2 expression and macrophage infiltration were higher in CTX-PL vs. PBS, but not in CTX-IBU. At the same time, anabolic markers were higher in CTX-IBU vs. PBS, but not in CTX-PL. Nevertheless, ibuprofen did not affect muscle mass or muscle fiber regeneration. In conclusion, mild ibuprofen doses did not worsen muscle regeneration. There were even signs of a transient improvement in anabolic signaling and attenuation of inflammatory signaling., Sebastiaan Dalle, Chiel Poffé, Charlotte Hiroux, Frank Suhr, Louise Deldicque, Katrien Koppo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
294. Identification and characterization of doublesex from the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae)
- Creator:
- Thongsaiklaing, Thanaset, Passara, Hataichanok, Nipitwathanaphon, Mingkwan, and Ngersiri, Lertluk
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- dvoukřídlí, vrtulovití, Diptera, Tephritidae, doublesex, Bactrocera tau, pumpkin fruit fly, sex determination, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The sex determination cascades in insects are diversified at the top of the cascade, where different primary molecular signals are employed, while at the bottom of the cascades, particularly the doublesex genes, are highly conserved. Here, we identified the doublesex ortholog (Btau-dsx) of Bactrocera tau, a pumpkin fruit fly, and found that Btau-dsx is composed of six exons and five introns with an additional short "m" exon located in the second intron. Btau-dsx is different from its orthologs in most dipteran insects: Its pre-mRNA is sex-specifically spliced to yield three (two male and one female) instead of two transcript variants. The two deduced proteins produced by the male-specific transcripts are a functional (Btau-DSXM1) and a truncated (Btau-DSXM2) protein, while the female-specific transcript produces the functional Btau-DSXF protein. These three proteins contain all conserved domains except Btau-DSXM2 which has no OD2 domain. The female-specific transcript is detected in both fertilized and unfertilized eggs and in both somatic and germ cells of the adult females, while the male-specific transcript is detected only in fertilized eggs and in the abdominal tissues and testes of adult males. The presence of the Btau-dsxM1 transcript in fertilized eggs at the early syncytium stage suggests that in XY embryos, the Y-linked M factor gene may function quite soon after fertilization to alter the splicing pattern of Btau-dsx pre-mRNA from the female-specific to the male-specific mode. Injection of Btau-dsxF dsRNA into recently emerging females can reduce the expression of vitellogenin (Btau-Vg) and causes some defects in the ovaries, indicating that Btau-dsxF works upstream of Btau-Vg., Thanaset Thongsaiklaing, Hataichanok Passara, Mingkwan Nipitwathanaphon, Lertluk Ngersiri., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
295. Identification and subcellular localisation of hexokinase-2 in Nosema bombycis
- Creator:
- Sun, Jiancheng, Zhu, Feng, Chen, Hongli, Yao, Mingshuai, Zhu, Guanyu, Zhang, Yiling, Wang, Qiang, and Shen, Zhongyuan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- microsporidia, silkworm, glucose metabolism, and NbHXK2
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hexokinase (HXK) is the first key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and plays an extremely important role in energy metabolism. By searching the microsporidian database, we found a sequence (NBO_27g0008) of Nosema bombycis Nägali, 1857 with high similarity to hexokinase-2, and named it as NbHXK2. The NbHXK2 gene has 894 bp and encodes 297 amino acids with 34.241 kD molecular weight and 5.26 isoelectric point. NbHXK2 contains 31 phosphorylation sites and 4 potential N-glycosylation sites with signal peptides and no transmembrane domain. Multiple sequence alignment showed that NbHXK2 shares more than 40% amino acid identity with that of other microsporidia, and the homology with hexokinase-2 of Nosema tyriae Canning, Curry, Cheney, Lafranchi-Tristem, Kawakami, Hatakeyama, Iwano et Ishihara, 1999, Nosema pyrausta (Paillot, 1927) and Nosema ceranae Fries, Feng, da Silva, Slemenda et Pieniazek, 1996 was 89.17%, 87.82% and 69.86%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of hexokinase showed that all microsporidia cluster together in the same clade, and are far away from animals, plants and fungi, and that N. bombycis is closely related to N. tyriae; N. pyrausta; N. ceranae and Nosema apis Zander, 1909. Immunolocalisation with the prepared polyclonal antibody showed that NbHXK2 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and plasmalemma in proliferative, sporulation stage and mature spore of N. bombycis. qRT-PCR assay showed that the NbHXK2 expressed at higher level during spore germination and at early stage of proliferation. These results indicate that N. bombycis may use its own glycolytic pathways to supply energy for infection and development, especially germination and in the early stage of proliferation, and acquire energy from the host through certain ways as well.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
296. Identification of vibrational signals emitted by embryos of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) that induce synchronous hatching
- Creator:
- Sakamoto, Hironori , Tanaka, Seiji , and Hata, Tamako
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Orthoptera, Acrididae, Locusta migratoria, embryo-embryo interaction, hatching synchrony, and vibration
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Eggs of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), hatch synchronously when in a pod, but only sporadically when kept separately. Here, we aimed to detect the vibrational stimuli emitted by eggs that initiate synchronous hatching. First, we recorded the vibrations emitted by an egg pod and single eggs. One bout of vibrations consisted of 2 to 46 vibrations. The total number and amplitude of vibrations in single eggs increased as the time to hatch decreased. Eggs kept separately were continuously subjected during the last 2 days before hatching to recordings of vibrations from a single egg. Recordings made during the last 2.5 h before hatching caused these eggs to hatch significantly earlier than those not subjected to this treatment, the control. In contrast, eggs subjected to recordings made 8 to 10 h before hatching significantly delayed their hatching relative to the controls, which indicates that synchronous hatching of eggs is induced by age-dependent changes in vibrations from neighbouring eggs. Exposure to one large bout of vibrations (consisting of 40 vibrations in 101 s) was sufficient to induce synchronous hatching in eggs kept separately when applied 5 h before hatching, but not 36 or 11.5 h before hatching. Visual inspection of the spectra indicated that the vibrations had two peaks at about 100 Hz and 1.5 kHz. Only exposure to the latter altered the hatching time of eggs. The embryo moved the posterior part of its abdomen when emitting the vibrations. These results indicate that the synchronous hatching of locust eggs is induced when the embryos emit particular vibrations.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
297. Imaginace jídla a jeho konzumace: čím více na to myslíme, tím méně toho sníme
- Creator:
- Michele, Lukáš , Liptáková, Simona , Ocásková, Alexandra , Hlobilová, Hana , Kašková, Tereza , Přikrylová, Agáta , Vaculík, Martin , and Procházka, Jakub
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- imaginace, konzumace, habituace, replikace, imagination, consumption, habituation, and replication
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Studie je replikací experimentu, který přinesl podporu pro hypotézu, že lidé představující si konzumaci jídla sní následně méně jídla než lidé, kteří si konzumaci jídla nepředstavovali. Replikace byla provedena na vzorku 77 vysokoškolských studentů, kteří byli náhodně rozděleni do tří skupin podle různých druhů imaginace. V porovnání s replikovanou studií byl pro analýzy použit větší zkoumaný soubor, byla ověřována úspěšnost manipulace s nezávislou proměnnou a zkoumaným osobám za účast ve výzkumu nebyla nabízena žádná odměna. Na rozdíl od replikované studie nebyl zaznamenán statisticky významný vliv druhu imaginace konzumace jídla na jeho pozdější skutečnou konzumaci. Výsledky nepodporují výsledky původního experimentu a ukazují, že původní výsledky mohly být jen důsledkem náhody. Jsou potřeba další replikace, aby bylo zřejmé, zda je efekt imaginace konzumace na zkonzumované množství jídla skutečný. and This study is a replication of an experiment that has supported a hypothesis that people imagining a consumption of food before its real consumption eat less food than without the prior imagination. The sample consisted of 77 university students who were randomly assigned into three groups varying by amount of imagined objects being consumed. A larger sample has been collected, the level of predictor variable manipulation has been controlled and a no compensation has been offered to the participants in comparison to the replicated study. On the contrary to the primary study, no significant effect of the type of imagined consumption on the consecutive consumption has been found. Results do not support results of the original study and suggest the original study’s outcome might have been achieved at random. More replication is necessary to be able to assess whether the effect of imagination on food consumption is real.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
298. Immune responses in mice vaccinated with a DNA vaccine expressing a new elastase from Trichinella spiralis
- Creator:
- Xin Zhuo Zhang, Sun, Xiang Yuan, Bai, Ying, Yue, Wen Wen, Yue, Xin, Song, Yan Yan, Cui, Jing, and Wang, Zhong Quan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trichinella, trichinellosis, vaccination, and protective immunity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The elastase, which belongs to the serine protease family, hydrolyses various proteins and may be involved in the parasite invasion. In this study, complete sequence of elastase-1 (TsE) the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into the plasmid pcDNA3.1 as TsE DNA vaccine. After intramuscular vaccination, serum anti-Trichinella antibodies (IgG and subclass IgG1/IgG2a, and IgA), total and specific intestinal mucosal sIgA in mice vaccinated with pcDNA3.1/TsE were measured by ELISA. The results showed that vaccination with pcDNA3.1/TsE induced a systemic humoral immune response (high levels of serum IgG and subclass IgG1/IgG2a and IgA) and local intestinal mucosal immune responses (high levels of TsE-specific sIgA). Vaccination of mice with TsE DNA vaccine also triggered a systemic and local concomitant Th1/Th2 response, as demonstrated by significant elevation of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) / Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine levels after the spleen, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch cells from vaccinated mice were stimulated with recombinant TsE (rTsE). The vaccination of mice with pcDNA3.1/TsE displayed a 17% reduction of intestinal adult worms and a 39% reduction of muscle larvae. Our results indicated that TsE DNA vaccine elicited a systemic concomitant Th1/Th2 response and an enteral local sIgA response, and produced a partial protection against infection with T. spiralis. The TsE may be regarded as a potential candidate vaccine target against Trichinella infection. The oral polyvalent vaccines should be developed to improve the protective efficacy of anti-Trichinella vaccines.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
299. Immunologic phenotype of a child with the MEHMO syndrome
- Creator:
- Trochanová, Ivana, Staníková, Daniela, Škopková, Martina, Haštová, Klaudia, Gašperíková, Daniela, Staník, Juraj, and Čižnár, Peter
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- infekce, infections, MEHMO syndrome, primary immunodeficiencies, immunoglobulins, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- MEHMO syndrome is a rare X-linked syndrome characterized by Mental retardation, Epilepsy, Hypogenitalism, Microcephaly, and Obesity associated with the defect of protein synthesis caused by the EIF2S3 gene mutations. We hypothesized that the defect in protein synthesis could have an impact on the immune system. We describe immunologic phenotype and possible treatment outcomes in patient with MEHMO syndrome carrying a frameshift mutation (I465fs) in the EIF2S3 gene. The proband (currently 9-year-old boy) had normal IgG and IgM levels, but had frequent respiratory and urinary tract infections. On subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy achieving supraphysiological IgG levels the frequency of infections significantly decreased in Poisson regression by 54.5 % (CI 33.2-89.7, p=0.017). The MEHMO patient had had frequent acute infections despite normal IgG and IgM serum levels and responded well to the immunoglobulin treatment., Ivana Trochanová, Daniela Staníková, Martina Škopková, Klaudia Haštová, Daniela Gašperíková, Juraj Staník, Peter Čižnár., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
300. Impact of perinatal hypoxia on the developing brain
- Creator:
- Piešová, Michaela and Mach, Mojmír
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- excitotoxicity, ROS, hypoxic model, emotionality, and cognition
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Perinatal hypoxia is still one of the greatest threats to the newborn child, even in developed countries. However, there is a lack of works which summarize up-to-date information about that huge topic. Our review covers a broader spectrum of recent results from studies on mechanisms leading to hypoxia-induced injury. It also resumes possible primary causes and observed behavioral outcomes of perinatal hypoxia. In this review, we recognize two types of hypoxia, according to the localization of its primary cause: environmental and placental. Later we analyze possible pathways of prenatal hypoxia-induced injury including gene expression changes, glutaminergic excitatory damage (and a role of NMDA receptors in it), oxidative stress with ROS and RNS production, inflammation and apoptosis. Moreover, we focus on the impact of these pathophysiological changes on the structure and development of the brain, especially on its regions: corpus striatum and hippocampus. These brain changes of the offspring lead to impairments in their postnatal growth and sensorimotor development, and in their motor functions, activity, emotionality and learning ability in adulthood. Later we compare various animal models used to investigate the impact of prenatal and postnatal injury (hypoxic, ischemic or combinatory) on living organisms, and show their advantages and limitations.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public