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1132. SARS-CoV-2 viral load assessment in lung transplantation
- Creator:
- Novysedlak, Rene, Vachtenheim, Jiri, Striz, Ilja, Viklicky, Ondrej, Lischke, Robert, and Strizova, Zuzana
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- COVID-19, lung transplantation, organ donor, PCR, and cycle threshold
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, organ transplantation programs were facing serious challenges. The lung transplantation donor pool was extremely limited and SARS-CoV-2 viral load assessment has become a crucial part of selecting an optimal organ donor. Since COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, the viral load is thought to be more important in lung transplantations as compared to other solid organ transplantations. We present two challenging cases of potential lung donors with a questionable COVID-19 status. Based on these cases, we suggest that the cycle threshold (Ct) value should always be requested from the laboratory and the decision whether to proceed with transplantation should be made upon complex evaluation of diverse criteria, including the nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage PCR results, the Ct value, imaging findings and the medical history. However, as the presence of viral RNA does not ensure infectivity, it is still to be clarified which Ct values are associated with the viral viability. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies may support the diagnosis and moreover, novel methods, such as quantifying SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen in serum may provide important answers in organ transplantations and donor selections.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1133. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the histopathological impact of Macrogyrodactylus clarii (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) on the gills of catfish, Clarias gariepinus
- Creator:
- El-Naggar, Mohammed Mohammed, Cable, Joanne, Zaky Arafa, Safaa, El-Abbassy, Samir Ahmed, and Kearn, Graham C
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- histopatologie, nemoci ryb, histopathology, fish diseases, ultrastructure, aquatic health, monogeneans, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the histopathological effects of the monogenean Macrogyrodactylus clarii Gussev, 1961 on the gills of the catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Suction generated during attachment created 'footprints' on host surfaces in which the host tissues were elevated above the general gill surface. 'Footprints' were bordered by four clefts caused by the muscular flaps on the anterior, lateral and posterior margins of the haptor. The hamuli points penetrate the gill tissue but no evidence was found for the insertion of the marginal hooklets. At the site of attachment, host cells adjacent to the lateral flaps often appeared compressed and widely spaced with large intercellular spaces. Desquamation of these surface epithelia was also apparent and some of the widely spaced epithelial cells had pseudopodium-like processes. Cells within the upper surface epithelial layer of the host were vacuolated and necrotic. Ruptured blood capillaries (blood spaces) in the secondary gill lamellae contained atypical compressed erythrocytes, agranular and granular leucocytes and evidence of haemorrhaging. Cells with fibrotic cytoplasm, putative phagocytes and host mucous cells were evidence of a host response at the site of parasite attachment. The possible role of these cells is discussed in relation to host resistance against infection., Mohammed Mohammed El-Naggar, Joanne Cable, Safaa Zaky Arafa, Samir Ahmed El-Abbassy, Graham C. Kearn., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1134. Scanning electron microscopic study of the human uterine tube epithelial lining: surgical biopsy samples and epithelial cell culture
- Creator:
- Gálfiová, Paulína, Polák, Štefan, Mikušová, Renáta, Juríková, Miroslava, Klein, Martin, Csöbönyeiová, Mária, Danišovič, Ľuboš, and Varga, Ivan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- uterine/fallopian tube epithelium, ultrastructure, scanning electron microscopy, and fallopian tube epithelial cell in vitro culture
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This article summarizes the importance of the exact morphology of human uterine/fallopian tube epithelium at the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) level for the clinical outcome even nowadays. Visual referential micrographs from SEM reflect two ways to view human epithelial cell lining surfaces: the surface epithelial uterine tube from surgical tissue biopsy and human fallopian tube epithelial cells (HFTEC) culture monolayer surface. One colorized image visualizes ciliated cells, distinguishes them from non-ciliated cells, and provides an educational benefit. A detailed description of the ultrastructure in referential and pathologic human uterine tube epithelium is important in defining the morphological basis of high-grade carcinomas, in the mechanism of pathophysiology, and in discussing options for its prevention. Cell cultures of human fallopian tube epithelial cells offer new approaches in simulating the mechanisms of cancer genesis or may help to elucidate the genetic basis of several diagnoses. New technical approaches in SEM provide higher resolution and detailed surface images. The SEM modality is still one of the current options in diagnostics and may be useful for advancing human reproductive organ cancer research.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1135. Schizofrenie v českém prostředí: diskurzivní analýza výpovědí o schizofrenii
- Creator:
- Pokluda, Jan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- schizofrenie, diskurz, interpretační repertoár, kritická diskurzivní psychologie, schizophrenia, discourse, interpretative repertoire, and critical discursive psychology
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Předkládaná výzkumná studie se zabývá zmapováním diskurzů o schizofrenii v českém prostředí. V rámci výzkumu byly prováděny polostrukturované rozhovory o schizofrenii s laiky, s lidmi s diagnózou a s odborníky (N = 15). Přepsané rozhovory byly následně analyzovány jedním z přístupů diskurzivní analýzy – kritickou diskurzivní psychologií. Celkem bylo identifikováno 13 odlišných interpretačních repertoárů, které respondenti využívali pro konstruování schizofrenie a člověka s diagnózou. Také byly zmapovány pozice, které tyto repertoáry umožňují zaujmout, důsledky, jaké identifikované repertoáry přináší, a repertoáry byly zasazeny do globálních diskurzů. Respondenti zaujímali větší množství mnohdy protichůdných repertoárů. V diskusi byly následně konfrontovány výsledky s relevantními studiemi. Dále byly popsány limity předkládané studie a návrhy možných navazujících výzkumů a aplikace do praxe. and The presented research study deals with the mapping of discourses on schizophrenia in the Czech environment. The research conducted semi-structured interviews on schizophrenia with lay people, people with diagnosis and experts (N = 15). Those transcribed interviews were subsequently analyzed by one of the discoursive analysis approach – critical discursive psychology. Overall, 13 different interpretative repertoires used by respondents for the construction of schizophrenia and schizophrenic people were identified. Positions that could be hold thanks to these repertoires and consequences of these repertoires were also described. Respondents used a larger number of often conflicting repertoires. Results were confronted with relevant studies in discussion. Further, limits of this study were described as well as suggestions of possible follow-up research and practical application.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1136. Scolex morphology of monozoic tapeworms (Caryophyllidea) from the Nearctic Region: taxonomic and evolutionary implications
- Creator:
- Oros, Mikuláš , Uhrovič, Dalibor , Choudhury, Anindo , Mackiewicz, John S. , and Scholz, Tomáš
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cestoda, scolex terminology, fish, Catostomidae, comparative morphology, scanning electron microscopy, identification, and North America
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A comparative study of the scoleces of monozoic tapeworms (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid and cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) in the Nearctic Region, was carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. Scoleces of 22 genera of North American caryophyllideans were characterised and their importance for taxonomy, classification and phylogenetic studies was critically reviewed. Nearctic genera exhibit a much higher variation in the shape and form of scoleces compared with taxa in other biogeographical regions. The following basic scolex types can be recognised in Nearctic caryophyllideans: monobothriate (Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968), loculotruncate (Promonobothrium, Dieffluvium Williams, 1978), bothrioloculodiscate (Archigetes Leuckart, 1878, Janiszewskella Mackiewicz et Deutsch, 1976, Penarchigetes Mackiewicz, 1969, Pseudoglaridacris Oros, Uhrovič et Scholz, 2018), fixomegabothriate (Capingens Hunter, 1927), bulbate and bulboacuminate (Atractolytocestus Anthony, 1958), cuneiloculate (Hypocaryophyllaeus Hunter, 1927, Rowardleus Mackiewicz et Deutsch, 1976, Spartoides Hunter, 1929), biacetabulate, bulboloculate, bothrioloculodiscate (Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927), tholate (Hunterella Mackiewicz et McCrae, 1962), cuneifimbriate (Khawia Hsü, 1935), cuneiform (Calentinella Mackiewicz, 1974, Caryophyllaeides Nybelin, 1922, Edlintonia Mackiewicz, 1970), hastate (Pseudolytocestus Hunter, 1929), loculotholate (Bialovarium Fischthal, 1953, Pliovitellaria Fischthal, 1951), and cuneiformoloculate (Glaridacris Cooper, 1920, Isoglaridacris Mackiewicz, 1965). The same type of scolex may be shared by species of different genera or families and species of the same genus can have a scolex of conspicuously different morphology, e.g. in Promonobothrium. Scolex morphology may be therefore of limited use in generic designation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1137. Scolex morphology of monozoic tapeworms (Caryophyllidea) from the Nearctic Region: taxonomic and evolutionary implications
- Creator:
- Oros, Mikuláš, Uhrovič, Dalibor, Choudhury, Anindo, Mackiewicz, John S, and Tomáš Scholz
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- tasemnice, ryby, srovnávací mytologie, skenovací elektronová mikroskopie, tapeworms, fishes, comparative mythology, scanning electron microscopy, Catostomidae, Cestoda, scolex terminology, identification, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A comparative study of the scoleces of monozoic tapeworms (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid and cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) in the Nearctic Region, was carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. Scoleces of 22 genera of North American caryophyllideans were characterised and their importance for taxonomy, classification and phylogenetic studies was critically reviewed. Nearctic genera exhibit a much higher variation in the shape and form of scoleces compared with taxa in other biogeographical regions. The following basic scolex types can be recognised in Nearctic caryophyllideans: monobothriate (Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968), loculotruncate (Promonobothrium, Dieffluvium Williams, 1978), bothrioloculodiscate (Archigetes Leuckart, 1878, Janiszewskella Mackiewicz et Deutsch, 1976, Penarchigetes Mackiewicz, 1969, Pseudoglaridacris Oros, Uhrovič et Scholz, 2018), fixomegabothriate (Capingens Hunter, 1927), bulbate and bulboacuminate (Atractolytocestus Anthony, 1958), cuneiloculate (Hypocaryophyllaeus Hunter, 1927, Rowardleus Mackiewicz et Deutsch, 1976, Spartoides Hunter, 1929), biacetabulate, bulboloculate, bothrioloculodiscate (Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927), tholate (Hunterella Mackiewicz et McCrae, 1962), cuneifimbriate (Khawia Hsü, 1935), cuneiform (Calentinella Mackiewicz, 1974, Caryophyllaeides Nybelin, 1922, Edlintonia Mackiewicz, 1970), hastate (Pseudolytocestus Hunter, 1929), loculotholate (Bialovarium Fischthal, 1953, Pliovitellaria Fischthal, 1951), and cuneiformoloculate (Glaridacris Cooper, 1920, Isoglaridacris Mackiewicz, 1965). The same type of scolex may be shared by species of different genera or families and species of the same genus can have a scolex of conspicuously different morphology, e.g. in Promonobothrium. Scolex morphology may be therefore of limited use in generic designation., Mikuláš Oros, Dalibor Uhrovič, Anindo Choudhury, John S. Mackiewicz and Tomáš Scholz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1138. Screening for anthelmintic resistance in equid strongyles (Nematoda) in Romania
- Creator:
- Cernea, Mihai, Cristina, Romeo T, Ştefănuţ, Laura C, Carvalho, Luís M. Madeira de, Taulescu, Marian A, and Cozma, Vasile
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- koně, osli, horses, donkeys, Strongylinae, Cyathostominae, benzimidazoles, Ivermectin, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Resistance to anthelmintic medication of equid strongyles is a worldwide phenomenon and for this reason systematic investigations of resistant parasite populations are necessary. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of equid strongyles resistant to the anthelmintics used in Romania, as well as the pre-treatment and post-treatment prevalence of species of strongylid nematodes. The Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test was performed between 2010 and 2013 on a total number of 588 horses and 23 donkeys from 26 locations (subgroups). Animals of the first group (I) consisting of subgroups no. 1-11 were treated with Albendazole (ABZ), those of the second group (II) consisting of subgroups no. 12-23 with Fenbendazole (FBZ), while Ivermectin (IVM) was used on animals of the third group (III) consisting of subgroups no. 24-26. Resistant strongyles have been found in 82% (average lower limit of the 95% confidence interval, LCL95%, was 65) of the total equids from the group treated with ABZ. In the group of horses treated with FBZ, resistant strongyles were identified in 75% of the subgroups (LCL95% = 44). No resistant strongyles have been identified in IVM-treated horse groups (LCL95% = 98). The pre-treatment prevalence of the species of the Strongylinae Müller, 1780 was 22%, whereas that with nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae Molin, 1861 78%. Post-treatment reduction of strongyline nematodes was observed (5%), which demonstrates the sensitivity of large strongyles to common anthelmintics. The post-treatment prevalence of cyathostomes was of 95%, which proves their resistance, especially to ABZ- and FBZ-based anthelmintics., Mihai Cernea, Romeo T. Cristina, Laura C. Ştefănuţ, Luís M. Madeira de Carvalho, Marian A. Taulescu, Vasile Cozma., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1139. Screening for stable internal reference genes for quantitative PCR analysis of Wolbachia-host interactions in whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
- Creator:
- Liu, Xin-Chao and Li, Zheng-Xi
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Bemisia tabaci, reference gene, quantitative PCR, and Wolbachia transfection
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Stable reference genes (RGs) determine the reliability of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses and it is recommended that different reference genes are used for different types of DNA and tissues. The present study aimed to screen for stable RGs for the qPCR analysis of the immune responses of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci to the Wolbachia wMel strain from Drosophila melanogaster. A total of eight candidate RGs were evaluated using five different methods, i.e., Coefficient of Variation analysis, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt. The stability of these RGs was assessed for both genomic DNA (gDNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA). The results indicate that β-actin (Actin) and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) were the most stable RGs for gDNA, whereas 18S rRNA (18S) and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were the least stable; in contrast, Actin and GAPDH were the most stable for cDNA, whereas RPL29 and ATPase were the least stable. The effectiveness of the most stable RGs was then validated against the least stable using qPCR analysis of the titre of wMel (gDNA) and the transcriptional responses of the antimicrobial peptide Alo-3-like and the phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform (cDNA) to wMel transfection. The results support the notion that reliable RGs are essential for a qPCR analysis of samples of both gDNA and cDNA.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1140. Sdílená odpovědnost v proceduře náhradního mateřství
- Creator:
- Konečná , Hana and Svatoš, Roman
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- surrogacy, responsibility, risks, bystander effect, náhradní mateřství, odpovědnost, rizika, and efekt přihlížejícího
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Surrogacy is (yet) the most risky assisted reproduction procedure. However, while health risks are the same as for routine assisted reproduction procedures, psychosocial, ethical and legal problems are much bigger. In order to reduce the probability of problems, the Section of Assisted Reproduction of the ČGPS ČLS prepared recommendations on who is acceptable as a surrogate mother and under what circumstances. She should have a recommendation from a lawyer, a psychologist, a psychologist, a gynecologist, a general practitioner, or another specialist. Our text is an analysis of whether the large number of experts sharing responsibility for the procedure will guarantee risk reduction. A phenomenon known as the "bystander effect" serves as a model. and Náhradní mateřství je (zatím) nejrizikovější procedurou asistované reprodukce. Zatímco ovšem zdravotní rizika jsou stejná jako u běžných procedur asistované reprodukce, psychosociální, etická a právní jsou výrazně vyšší. Aby snížila pravděpodobnost problémů, vypracovala Sekce asistované reprodukce ČGPS ČLS doporučení, koho a za jakých okolností akceptovat jako náhradní matku; k její osobě by se měl vyjádřit právník, psycholog, gynekolog, praktický lékař, případně další specialista. Náš text je analýzou, zda je velký počet odborníků sdílejících odpovědnost za proceduru zárukou snížení rizik. Jako model nám slouží jev známý pod názvem „efekt přihlížejícího“.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public