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42. NMR plasma metabolomics study of patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction: in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain with statistical discrimination towards metabolomic biomarkers

Creator:
Petráš, Martin, Sarlinova, Miroslava, Kalenska, Dagmar, Samoš, Matej, Bolek, Tomáš, Racay, Peter, Halašová, Erika, Štrbák, Oliver, Staško, Ján, Musak, Ludovit, Skorvanova, Michaela, and Baranovicova, Eva
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
infarkt myokardu, myocardial infarction, plasma, NMR metabolomics, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death among adults in older age. Understanding mechanisms how organism responds to ischemia is essential for the ischemic patient’s prevention and treatment. Despite the great prevalence and incidence only a small number of studies utilize a metabolomic approach to describe AMI condition. Recent studies have shown the impact of metabolites on epigenetic changes, in these studies plasma metabolites were related to neurological outcome of the patients making metabolomic studies increasingly interesting. The aim of this study was to describe metabolomic response of an organism to ischemic stress through the changes in energetic metabolites and aminoacids in blood plasma in patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction. Blood plasma from patients in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain was collected and compared with volunteers without any history of ischemic diseases via NMR spectroscopy. Lowered plasma levels of pyruvate, alanine, glutamine and neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and tryptophan were found. Further, we observed increased plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in balance with decreased level of lipoproteins fraction, suggesting the ongoing ketonic state of an organism. Discriminatory analysis showed very promising performance where compounds: lipoproteins, alanine, pyruvate, glutamine, tryptophan and 3-hydroxybutyrate were of the highest discriminatory power with feasibility of successful statistical discrimination., Martin Petras, Dagmar Kalenska, Matej Samos, Tomas Bolek, Miroslava Sarlinova, Peter Racay, Erika Halasova, Oliver Štrbák, Jan Stasko, Ludovit Musak, Michaela Skorvanova, Eva Baranovicova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

43. Ovarian reserve assessed by the anti-Mullerian hormone and reproductive health parameters in women with Crohn´s disease, a case-control study

Creator:
Koller, Tomáš, Kollerová, Jana, Hlavatý, Tibor, Kadlečková, Barbora, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, lékařství, human physiology, medicine, Crohn’s disease, Ovarian reserve, Follicle depletion, AntiMullerian hormone, Reproductive health, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
According to several studies, women with Crohn's disease (CD) had reduced fertility, which is mostly due to voluntary decisions and reduced ovarian reserve. In our study, we aimed to compare reproductive health parameters (RHP), previous pregnancy complications and outcomes, and ovarian reserve (OR) assessed by the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in CD patients with healthy controls. In CD patients, we also compared OR according to disease phenotypes. Consecutive pre-menopausal women with CD from two IBD centers were included. The control group consisted of age and BMI-matched healthy controls. We used a questionnaire that included RHP, CD phenotype, and CD activity. Serum AMH was assessed by the Elecsys AMH plus essay. We enrolled 50 patients and 56 controls with a median age of 31 years. All CD patients were in clinical remission. We observed no difference in RHP or AMH (median 2.6 vs. 2.1 ug/l, p = 0.98), or the proportion of low OR (AMH<1,77, 38 vs. 41.1 %, p=0.84). The slope of age-related decrease did not differ between the groups. The subgroup of CD patients after surgery and those older than 30 years with CD for >5years had a steeper decrease in AMH (slope -0.12 vs. -0.29, p = 0.04 and - 0.31 vs. -0.2, p = 0.029). In a multivariate analysis, age was the single independent predictor of low OR (OR=1.25). In women with Crohn’s disease, once the disease activity is under control, the reproductive health and ovarian reserve do not substantially differ from healthy controls., Tomáš Koller, Jana Kollerová, Tibor Hlavatý, Barbora Kadlečková, Juraj Payer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

44. Ovarian steroid hormone secretion by human granulosa cells after supplementation of sambucus nigra L. extract

Creator:
Baldovská, Simona, Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep, Bandik, Marek, Mihal, Michal, Mnahoncakova, Erika, Árvay, Július, Pavlik, Aleš, Sláma, Petr, and Kolesárová, Adriana
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
progesteron, progesterone, black elder, HGL5, ovarian steroidogenesis, 17β-estradiol, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Beneficial effects of Sambucus nigra L. (black elder) as a traditional medicine have been associated with the phytoconstituents including polyphenols, terpenes and lectins. Various antioxidant rich natural products have also been implicated with improvement of reproductive health and fertility, however, the effect of Sambucus nigra on the ovarian cell functions has not been investigated yet. The objectives of the present study were to screen the polyphenols in the elderflower and elderberry extracts, and to examine the secretion activity of steroid hormones 17β-estradiol and progesterone by human ovarian granulosa cells HGL5 after supplementation of the extracts at a concentration range of 12.5 to 100 µg.ml-1 . Qualitative as well as quantitative screening of polyphenols by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed rutin to be the most abundant polyphenol in both elderflower and elderberry extracts. In culture, neither elderflower nor elderberry extract caused any significant impact (p>0.05) in cell viability as studied by AlamarBlue assay in comparison to control. However, a dosedependent stimulation of 17β-estradiol release was detected by ELISA after supplementation of elderflower (at 50 µg.ml-1 ; p<0.01) and elderberry (at 100 µg.ml-1 ; p<0.05) extracts at higher doses used in the study. On the other hand, both elderflower and elderberry extracts stimulated the secretion of progesterone by HGL5 cells at a lower dose (12.5 µg.ml-1 ; p<0.05), as compared to control. Therefore, elderflower and elderberry extracts may have the potential to regulate steroidogenesis in ovarian cells., Simona Baldovska, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Marek Bandik, Michal Mihal, Erika Mnahoncakova, Julius Arvay, Ales Pavlik, Petr Slama, Adriana Kolesarova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

45. Parathyroid hormone-related changes of bone structure

Creator:
Kužma, Martin, Jackuliak, Peter, Killinger, Zdenko, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, kosti, vitamin D, human physiology, bones, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Cortical bone, Trabecular bone, Trabecular bone score, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the release of serum calcium through osteoclasts, which leads to bone resorption. Primary, PTH stimulates osteoblasts leading to increase RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) expression and thus differentiation of osteoclasts. In kidneys, PTH increases calcium and decrease phosphate reabsorption. In kidneys, PTH stimulates 1alpha-hydroxylase to synthesize active vitamin D. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by skeletal or renal complications. Nowadays, the classical form of PHPT is less seen and asymptomatic or subclinical (oligo symptomatic) forms are more frequent. Previously, it was thought that cortical bone is preferably affected by PHPT and that predispose bones to fracture at sites with a higher amount of cortical bone. However, an increased risk of vertebral fractures has been found by most of the studies showing that also trabecular bone is affected. Bone Mass measurement (BMD) at all skeletal sites is advised, but another specific tool for fracture assessment is needed. Trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect measure of trabecular bone, maybe a useful method to estimate fracture risk. TBS is associated with vertebral fractures in PHPT regardless of BMD, age, BMI and gender. Furthermore, there is an association between TBS and high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) parameters in the trabecular and cortical compartment. However, studies considering the effect of PHPT treatment on TBS are more conflicting. Secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by vitamin D deficiency was associated with impaired bone microarchitecture in all age categories, as measured by TBS and Hr-pQCT with further improvement after treatment with vitamin D. and Martin Kužma, Peter Jackuliak, Zdenko Killinger, Juraj Payer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

46. Pathophysiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and its structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical consequences

Creator:
Stožer, Andraž, Vodopivc, Peter, and Križančić Bombek, Lidija
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
tělesná cvičení, výstřední osobnosti, svaly, patopsychologie, exercises, eccentrics, muscles, pathopsychology, damage, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Extreme or unaccustomed eccentric exercise can cause exerciseinduced muscle damage, characterized by structural changes involving sarcomere, cytoskeletal, and membrane damage, with an increased permeability of sarcolemma for proteins. From a functional point of view, disrupted force transmission, altered calcium homeostasis, disruption of excitation-contraction coupling, as well as metabolic changes bring about loss of strength. Importantly, the trauma also invokes an inflammatory response and clinically presents itself by swelling, decreased range of motion, increased passive tension, soreness, and a transient decrease in insulin sensitivity. While being damaging and influencing heavily the ability to perform repeated bouts of exercise, changes produced by exercise-induced muscle damage seem to play a crucial role in myofibrillar adaptation. Additionally, eccentric exercise yields greater hypertrophy than isometric or concentric contractions and requires less in terms of metabolic energy and cardiovascular stress, making it especially suitable for the elderly and people with chronic diseases. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying exerciseinduced muscle damage, their dependence on genetic background, as well as their consequences at the structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical level. A comprehensive understanding of these is a prerequisite for proper inclusion of eccentric training in health promotion, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement., Andraž Stožer, Peter Vodopivc, Lidija Križančić Bombek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

47. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in white and brown adipocyte regulation and differentiation

Creator:
Wu, Hui, Li, Xiaohua, and Shen, Chunyan
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie, physiology, differentiation regulation, PPARγ, adipocytes, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In as early as 1997, the World Health Organization officially recognized obesity as a chronic disease. The current epidemic of obesity and overweightness has aroused great interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) binds to the target gene promoter regulatory sequences, acting as a key factor in regulating the differentiation of preadipocytes in the adipose tissue, and plays an important role in regulating the adipocyte metabolism. A further understanding of the structure and expression characteristics of PPARγ, in addition to its mechanisms of action in adipocyte differentiation, may be applied to control obesity and prevent obesity-related diseases. In this article, recent studies investigating the effect of regulating PPARγ on adipocyte differentiation are reviewed. In particular, the structural characteristics, expression patterns, and molecular mechanisms of PPARγ function in adipocyte differentiation are considered., Hui Wu, Xiaohua Li, Chunyan Shen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

48. Plasma levels of adipokines in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Where is the "breaking point" in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis?

Creator:
Vaňková, Markéta, Vacínová, Gabriela, Včelák, Josef, Vejražková, Daniela, Lukášová, Petra, Rusina, Robert, Holmerová, Iva, Jarolímová, Eva, Vaňková, Hana, and Bendlová, Běla
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Alzheimerova choroba, leptin, Alzheimer's disease, adiponectin, adipsin, bloodbased biomarker, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Peripheral insulin resistance is associated with decreasing adiponectin and increasing leptin plasma levels, and also with cognitive decline. The effects of adipokines on brain function have been published from both animal and human studies. In particular, the influence of leptin and adiponectin on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been extensively investigated. However, the association between adipsin and AD is as yet unknown. In 37 patients with AD and 65 controls that followed the same study protocol, we tested whether adiponectin, leptin, and adipsin could be used as biomarkers in the early stages of AD. In contrast with conclusions of cognition studies in insulin resistant states, our study found a correlation of impaired neuropsychological performance with increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin in AD patients. Nevertheless, no significant differences between patients and controls were found. AD women had significantly increased adipsin compared to controls, and there was a positive correlation of adipsin with age and disease duration. Although adipokines do not appear to be suitable biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, they certainly play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Further studies will be needed to explain the cause of the adipokine “breaking point” that leads to the pathogenesis of overt AD., Markéta Vaňková, Gabriela Vacínová, Josef Včelák, Daniela Vejražková, Petra Lukášová, Robert Rusina, Iva Holmerová, Eva Jarolímová, Hana Vaňková, Běla Bendlová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

49. Prediction of vertebral fractures by trabecular bone score in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Creator:
Killinger, Zdenko, Kužma, Martin, Tomková, Soňa, Brázdilová, Kristína, Jackuliak, Peter, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, kosti, human physiology, bones, Trabecular bone score, Vertebral fractures, Ankylosing spondylitis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Ankylosing spondylarthritis (AS) is associated falsely increased lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). New tool for discrimination of subjects at fracture risk is needed. Vertebral fracture (VF) prediction of routine methods for osteoporosis assessment, BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS), in patients with AS. Cross-sectional study of all AS patients regularly followed at the rheumatology outpatient clinics of two centers. All subjects undergone BMD measurement at lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) using Hologic® Horizon device. TBS at L1-4 in all subjects by TBS InSight® software were assessed. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) was performed using the lateral spine imaging IVA™ and graded using Genant semi-quantitative approach. 119 AS subjects (90 males/29 females), mean age 47.6 years were included in the study. In 20 patients 34 VFs were detected, from whom 7 patients had multiple fractures. Subjects with VF were older and had lower FN BMD, TBS in comparison to non-VF subjects. No differences in LS BMD, FN BMD or BASDAI between groups were observed. Among patients with VF only 3 had T-score less than -2.5 but 7 has TBS less than 1.23 which means highly degraded microarchitecture. AS patients with VF have lower TBS and FN BMD in comparison to non-VF subjects. In addition, TBS was able to detect 20 % more VFs than BMD. Therefore, TBS seems promising in VF discrimination among patients with AS., Zdenko Killinger, Martin Kužma, Soňa Tomková, Kristína Brázdilová, Peter Jackuliak, Juraj Payer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public