The vibrodiagnostic system VDS-UT2 was developed for the investigation of a tram wheel operational vibration and deformation. The system consists of measuring, acquisition and processing tools for monitoring of tram wheels and their operational parameters, e.g. static and dynamic deformation, displacement, velocity, acceleration and temperature. The measuring on a rotating wheel is realized both by telemetric and by top-timing system. Measured data can be remote-observed via Internet connection with the control PC. The acquisition system by Starmans Electronics s.r.o. provides continuous analog and digital data logging. The control PC processes digital logical signals and evaluates time intervals representing circumferential turning angles between disk and rim.. In the contribution, the diagnostic system is described and the measured data including damage analysis are presented. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Malotilate as a synthetic substance shares comparable hepatoprotective properties with various flavonoids. The gastroprotective effect of some flavonoids prompted us to ascertain the similar effectiveness of malotilate. The possible gastroprotectivity was examined in gastric mucosal damage in rats induced by indomethacin (20 mg.kg-1) or ethanol (96 %). Oral pretreatment with malotilate (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1) reduced the extent of lesions induced by both indomethacin and ethanol. Histological analyses also revealed a mitigating effect on the severity of gastric mucosal lesions. Similar results were obtained in the group of rats pretreated with 5 mg.kg-1 indomethacin followed by oral administration of 96 % ethanol. This finding suggests that the effect of malotilate on rat gastric mucosa is independent of endogenous prostaglandin production.
This review summarizes recent information on the role of calcium in the process of neuronal injury with special attention to the role of calcium stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Experimental results present evidence that ER is the site of complex processes such as calcium storage, synthesis and folding of proteins and cell response to stress. ER function is impaired in many acute and chronic diseases of the brain which in turn induce calcium store depletion and conserved stress responses. Understanding the mechanisms leading to ER dysfunction may lead to recognition of neuronal protection strategies., J. Lehotský, P. Kaplán, E. Babušíková, A. Strapková, R. Murín., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Extreme or unaccustomed eccentric exercise can cause exerciseinduced muscle damage, characterized by structural changes involving sarcomere, cytoskeletal, and membrane damage, with an increased permeability of sarcolemma for proteins. From a functional point of view, disrupted force transmission, altered calcium homeostasis, disruption of excitation-contraction coupling, as well as metabolic changes bring about loss of strength. Importantly, the trauma also invokes an inflammatory response and clinically presents itself by swelling, decreased range of motion, increased passive tension, soreness, and a transient decrease in insulin sensitivity. While being damaging and influencing heavily the ability to perform repeated bouts of exercise, changes produced by exercise-induced muscle damage seem to play a crucial role in myofibrillar adaptation. Additionally, eccentric exercise yields greater hypertrophy than isometric or concentric contractions and requires less in terms of metabolic energy and cardiovascular stress, making it especially suitable for the elderly and people with chronic diseases. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying exerciseinduced muscle damage, their dependence on genetic background, as well as their consequences at the structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical level. A comprehensive understanding of these is a prerequisite for proper inclusion of eccentric training in health promotion, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement., Andraž Stožer, Peter Vodopivc, Lidija Križančić Bombek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Teorie ztráty šancí (příležitosti) byla diskutována v mnoha zemích v situacích nejasné příčinné souvislosti, kdy stávající systém v oblasti prokazování kauzálního nexu, založený na principu „vše nebo nic“ nevede k uspokojivým výsledkům. Samotná teorie ztráty šancí však přináší řadu dalších problémů v oblastech kvalifikace a kvantifikace újmy i v oblasti protiprávnosti. Tyto problémy jsou pak v článku podrobněji analyzovány a je poukázáno na jejich úskalí v souvislosti s úpravou odpovědnosti za újmu v OZ. and The concept of loss of a chance is mentioned in the cases of unclear causation where the traditional approach „All or Nothing“ provides unsatisfactory results. In this article we discuss whether the loss of a chance as such can be a harm giving rise to a liability and under which circumstances the loss of a chance presents recoverable damage. Further we analyse the problems of the loss of a chance doctrine in connection with relevant provisions of the new Civil Code.