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3022. Nobelova cena za fyziku v roku 2016 z oblasti fyziky kondenzovanej fázy: D. J. Thouless, F. D. M. Haldane a J. M. Kosterlitz ocenení za teoretické objavy topologických fázových prechodov a topologických fáz hmoty
- Creator:
- Orendáčová, Alžbeta, Gabáni, Slavomír, and Orendáč, Martin
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Thouless, David James, Kosterlitz, John Michael, Haldane, Frederick Duncan M., Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzika, Nobel Prizes, condensed matter physics, fyzika kondenzovaného stavu, topologické fázové přechody, topologické fáze hmoty, topological phase transitions, topological phse of matter, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for work in the field of condensed matter physics. The winning Laureate’s pioneering work from the early 1970s and 1980s opened up ways for new and exotic phases of matter, based on the concept of topology, previously used only in mathematics. D. J. Thouless and J. M. Kosterlitz theoretically predicted the existence of unconventional phase transitions in two-dimensional systems. These topological transitions occur at finite temperatures and are governed by dissociation of pairs of nanoscopic topological objects. This scenario explained the mechanism of phase transitions in two-dimensional magnets as well as the occurrence of superconductivity and superfluidity in thin films. F. D. M. Haldane discovered how topological concepts can be used to understand ground-state properties of magnetic chains with integer spin, which belong to the so-called Haldane phase. Another example, which has recently gained a lot of attention, is a topological insulator, a material with non-trivial topological order, which behaves as an insulator in its bulk but whose surface contains topologically protected conducting states. The topological insulator as well as the magnetic chain form the Haldane phase represent symmetry protected by topological states. Over the last decade, this area developed into a frontline research in condensed matter physics, as topological materials could be used in next generation electronics, superconductors and quantum information science. Last but not least, current research reveals secrets of exotic states of matter discovered by this year’s Nobel Laureates., Alžbeta Orendáčová, Slavomír Gabáni, Martin Orendáč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3023. Noční pohledy na Zemi přístrojem Day/Night Band družice Suomi-NPP
- Creator:
- Setvák, Martin
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, družice meteorologické, Země, physics, weather satellites, Earth, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Družice Suomi-NPP je prototypem nové generace meteorologických družic JPSS. Jejím hlavním přístrojem je VIIRS, navazující na radiometry AVHRR a MODIS družic NOAA/POES, resp. Terra/Aqua. Jeho zcela novou součástí je vysoce citlivý přístroj DNB (Day/Night Band) určený primárně pro noční snímání Země a její atmosféry. Příspěvek dokumentuje citlivost přístroje DNB na několika vybraných příkladech., The Suomi/NPP satellite is a prototype of a new generation of weather satellites, JPSS. Its main instrument is VIIRS, a follow-up instrument of the NOA/POES and Metop AVHRR radiometer, and of the Terra/Aqua MODIS instrument. One of its main advances is a brand new Day/Night Band (DNB), designed primarily for night-time imaging of the Earth and its atmosphere. This short article documents the ultimate DNB low-light sensitivity of several selected cases., Martin Setvák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3024. NOD2/CARD15 mutations and the risk of reoperation in patients with Crohn’s disease
- Creator:
- Martínek, Lubomír, Kupka, Tomáš, Šimová, Jarmila, Klvaňa, Pavel, Bojková, Martina, Uvírová, Magdalena, Dítě, Petr, Dvořáčková, Jana, Hoch, Jiří, and Zonča, Pavel
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, lidé středního věku, mladiství, mladý dospělý, mužské pohlaví, staří, ženské pohlaví, retrospektivní studie, prospektivní studie, Crohnova nemoc--genetika--chirurgie, reoperace--statistika a číselné údaje, recidiva, polymorfismus genetický, signální adaptorový protein Nod2--genetika, fenotyp, homozygot, hodnocení rizik--statistika a číselné údaje, and dospělí
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Tři jednonukleotidové polymorfismy (SNP) v NOD2/CARD15 genu (3020insC, R702W, G908R) jsou pro Crohnovu chorobu významným rizikovým faktorem. Jejich diagnostické a terapeutické využití v klinické praxi je však doposud limitované. Cílem studie byla analýza možné asociace těchto polymorfismů s rizikem reoperací a posouzenísouvislosti s fenotypem onemocnění. Metody: U 76 pacientů s Crohnovou chorobou a minimální délkou trvání nemoci 5 let byly testovány tři sekvenční varianty NOD2/CARD15 genu (R702W, G908R, 3020insC). Anamnestická a klinická data, včetně chirurgické léčby byly retrospektivně získány ze zdravotnické dokumentace a prospektivně doplňovány podle protokolu studie. Analyzovány byly souvislosti mezi vybranými genovými polymorfismy, nutností reoperací a fenotypem nemoci. Výsledky: U 24 pacientů (32 %) se našla alespoň jedna sledovaná varianta v NOD2/CARD15 genu. 25 pacientů (33 %) bylo reoperováno, 51 (67 %) představovalo kontrolní skupinu. Trend vyšší četnosti reoperací ve skupině s genovou mutací nedosáhl statistické významnosti (p=0,2688). Dva ze čtyř homozygotů (50 %) nesoucích variantu 3020insC byli opakovaně operováni. Neprokázali jsme signifikantní rozdíly mezi soubory s wild formou a mutovanou formou NOD2/8CARD15 genu s ohledem na věk v době diagnózy (p=0,4356), formu onemocnění (p=0,6610) a lokalizaci (p=0,4747) podle Montrealské klasifikace. Závěr: Polymorfismy v NOD2/CARD genu signifikantně neovlivnily četnost reoperací, homozygoti nesoucí mutaci 3020insC genu však představovali vysoce rizikovou skupinu. Fenotyp onemocnění signifikantně nesouvisel s přítomností vyšetřovaných sekvenčních variant., Introduction: Three NOD2/CARD15 gene variants (3020insC, R702W, G908R) have been identified as genetic risk factors for Crohn’s disease patients. However the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance for clinical practice remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between these variants, the risk of reoperation and disease phenotype. Methods: In 76 Crohn’s disease patients (41 female, 35 male) with a minimum 5 year follow-up, three polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene (R702W, G908R, 3020insC) were tested. Detailed clinical and medical history including surgical procedures and reoperations were obtained by reviewing the medical charts and completed prospectively. Association between the need for reoperation, disease phenotypes and gene variants were analyzed. Results: 24 patients (32%) showed at least one NOD2/CARD15 mutation. 25 patients (33%) required reoperation, 51 (67%) represented the control group. The expected trend that patients with NOD2/CARD15 variants have a higher frequency of reoperations was not confirmed to a level of statistical significance (p=0.2688). Two of the four patients (50%) with the 3020insC variant required further surgery. We did not confirm any association between NOD2/CARD15 mutations and age at diagnosis (p=0.4356), behavior (p=0.6610), or localization (p=0.4747) according to the Montreal classification. Conclusion: NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms did not significantly affect the reoperation rate. Homozygosity for the 3020insC variant in the NOD2/CARD15 gene is associated with a high risk of reoperation. NOD2/CARD15 gene variants are not significantly associated with specific disease phenotypes., and L. Martínek, T. Kupka, J. Šimová, P. Klvaňa, M. Bojková, M. Uvírová, P. Dítě, J. Dvořáčková, J. Hoch, P. Zonča
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3025. Non supercyclic subsets of linear isometries on Banach spaces of analytic functions
- Creator:
- Moradi, Abbas, Hedayatian, Karim, Robati, Bahram Khani, and Ansari, Mohammad
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, mathematics, supercyclicity, hypercyclic operator, semigroup, isometry, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Let X be a Banach space of analytic functions on the open unit disk and Γ a subset of linear isometries on X. Sufficient conditions are given for non-supercyclicity of Γ. In particular, we show that the semigroup of linear isometries on the spaces S^{p} (p>1), the little Bloch space, and the group of surjective linear isometries on the big Bloch space are not supercyclic. Also, we observe that the groups of all surjective linear isometries on the Hardy space H^{p} or the Bergman space L_{a}^{p} (1< p< ∞,p\neq 2) are not supercyclic., Abbas Moradi, Karim Hedayatian, Bahram Khani Robati, Mohammad Ansari., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3026. Non-adherence in seniors with dementia - a serious problem of routine clinical practice
- Creator:
- Lužný, Jan, Ivanová, Kateřina, and Juríčková, Lubica
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- staří, staří nad 80 let, demence--terapie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, spolupráce pacienta--statistika a číselné údaje, prevalence, and prospektivní studie
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Background: Non-adherence to treatment in seniors with dementia is a frequent and potentially dangerous phenomenon in routine clinical practice which might lead to the inappropriate treatment of a patient, including the risk of intoxication. There might be different causes of non-adherence in patients with dementia: memory impairment, sensory disturbances, limitations in mobility, economical reasons limiting access to health care and medication. Non-adherence leads to serious clinical consequences as well as being a challenge for public health. Aim: to estimate prevalence of non-adherence in seniors with dementia and to study correlation between cognitive decline and non-adherence. Subjects and Methods: Prospective study, analyzing medical records of seniors with dementia admitted to the inpatient psychogeriatric ward in the Kromeriz mental hospital from January 2010 to January 2011. Cognitive decline measured by MMSE, prevalence of Non-adherence to treatment and reasons for patient Non-adherence were studied. Results: Non-adherence to any treatment was detected in 31.3% of seniors; memory impairment was the most common cause of non-adherence to treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, non-adherence to treatment in the studied group of seniors with dementia correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment – a higher cognitive decline correlates with a higher risk of non-adherence to treatment. and J. Lužný, K. Ivanová, L. Juríčková
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3027. Non-invasive ocular rigidity measurement: a differential tonometry approach
- Creator:
- Detorakis, Efstathios T., Tsaglioti, Emmanuela, and Kymionis, George
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- algoritmy, katarakta--ultrasonografie, studie proveditelnosti, ženské pohlaví, lidé, nitrooční tlak, mužské pohlaví, reprodukovatelnost výsledků, and tonometrie oční--metody
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- PURPOSE: Taking into account the fact that Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) geometrically deforms the corneal apex and displaces volume from the anterior segment whereas Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT) does not, we aimed at developing an algorithm for the calculation of ocular rigidity (OR) based on the differences in pressure and volume between deformed and non-deformed status according to the general Friedenwald principle of differential tonometry. METHODS: To avoid deviations of GAT IOP from true IOP in eyes with corneas different from the "calibration cornea" we applied the previously described Orssengo-Pye algorithm to calculate an error coefficient "C/B". To test the feasibility of the proposed model, we calculated the OR coefficient (r) in 17 cataract surgery candidates (9 males and 8 females). RESULTS: The calculated r according to our model (mean ± SD, range) was 0.0174 ± 0.010 (0.0123-0.022) mmHg/μL. A negative statistically significant correlation between axial length and r was detected whereas correlations between r and other biometric parameters examined were statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method may prove a valid non-invasive tool for the measurement method of OR, which could help in introducing OR in the decision-making of the routine clinical practice. and E. T. Detorakis, E. Tsaglioti, G. Kymionis
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3028. Non-parametric approximation used to analysis of PSInSARTM data of Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland
- Creator:
- Mirek, Katarzyna and Mirek, Janusz
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geodynamika, geodynamics, PSInSAR, non-parametric kernel approximation, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the paper, an attempt to interpret the PSInSAR data for the northern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin with the use o f kernel approximation is described. The PSI nSAR technique is characterised by the Permanent Scatterer points (so-called PS points, Permanent Scatterers), which usually correspond to the objects such as : buildings, industrial and transport infrastructure, and natural components of surface relief (Ferretti et. al., 2000, 2001). The PSInSAR technique allows to monitor ground movements. A non-uniform di stribution of the PS points makes the inte rpretation of PSInSAR data difficult, as well as the fact that one point can assume both positive an d negative values. The application of the kernel approximation for the interpretation of the PSInSAR data allowed of more unambiguous interpretation., Katarzyna Mirek and Janusz Mirek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3029. Non-quantal acetylcholine release is increased after nitric oxide synthase inhibition
- Creator:
- Mukhtarov, M. R., Vyskočil, F., Urazaev, A. Kh., and Nikolsky, E. E.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, acetylcholin, acetylcholine, rat diaphragm, NO synthase, non-quantal release, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- M. R. Mukhtarov, F. Vyskočil, A. Kh. Urazaev, E. E. Nikolsky. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3030. Non-woven PGA/PVA fibrous mesh as an appropriate scaffold for chondrocyte proliferation
- Creator:
- Michala Rampichová, Eva Košťáková, Elena Filová, Eva Prosecká, Martin Plencner, Ocheretná, L., Lytvynets, A., David Lukáš, and Evžen Amler
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, chondrocyty, tkáňové inženýrství, chondrocytes, tissue engineering, PGA, PVA, non-woven textile, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Non-woven textile mesh from polyglycolic acid (PGA) was found as a proper material for chondrocyte adhesion but worse for their proliferation. Neither hyaluronic acid nor chitosan nor polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) increased chondrocyte adhesion. However, chondrocyte proliferation suffered from acidic byproducts of PGA degradation. However, the addition of PVA and/or chitosan into a wet-laid non-woven textile mesh from PGA improved chondrocyte proliferation seeded in vitro on the PGA-based composite scaffold namely due to a diminished acidification of their microenvironment. This PVA/PGA composite mesh used in combination with a proper hydrogel minimized the negative effect of PGA degradation without dropping positive parameters of the PGA wet-laid non-woven textile mesh. In fact, presence of PVA and/or chitosan in the PGA-based wet-laid non-woven textile mesh even advanced the PGA-based wet-laid non-woven textile mesh for chondrocyte seeding and artificial cartilage production due to a positive effect of PVA in such a scaffold on chondrocyte proliferation., M. Rampichová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public