The effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and radical scavengers (vitamin E/selenium) on the regeneration of osteochondral defects was investigated in rabbits. After introduction of defined osteochondral defects in the knee joint, groups of ten animals were given a GAG/vitamin E/selenium mixture or a placebo (milk sugar) for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, histological and histochemical analysis was performed. The amount of synovial fluid was increased in the placebo group, while the viscosity of the synovial fluid was significantly enhanced in the GAG group. The amount of sulfated GAG in the osteochondral regenerates (8.8±3.6 % vs. 6.0±5.6 %; p<0.03) was significantly higher in the GAG group. In both groups, the GAG amount in the cartilage of the operated knee was significantly higher than in the non-involved knee (p<0.05). Histological analysis of the regenerates in the GAG group was superior in comparison with the placebo group. For the first time, a biological effect following oral supplementation with GAG was demonstrated in healing of osteochondral defects in vivo. These findings support the known positive clinical results., M. Handl, E. Amler, K. Bräun, J. Holzheu, T. Trč, A. B. Imhoff, A. Lytvynets, E. Filová, H. Kolářová, A. Kotyk, V. Martínek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Silymarin and silybin are widely used for their hepatoprotective properties. Our previous studies confirm positive effect of silymarin on lipoprotein profile and lipid homeostasis. Advanced drug forms may improve the bioavailability of these compounds. In this study, we investigate the effects of silybin in different drug forms (standardized silybin, micronized silybin, and silybin in form of phytosomes) on dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats. Male HHTg rats were divided into four groups of seven animals and were fed by experimental diets. Silybin significantly decreased serum level of triglycerides in groups of rats fed by standardized silybin and silybin in form of phytosomes compared to control group. Results show that silybin did not affect the total cholesterol level, but significantly increased the levels of HDL cholesterol in all groups of animals. Silybin in a standardized form had the highest hypotriglyceridemic effect. On the other hand, the micronized form has caused the highest increase of protective HDL and most significantly decreased glucose and insulin levels. Our results suggest that silybin is probably responsible for some positive properties of silymarin. Subsequent dose-dependent studies of silybin action may reveal the intensity of its positive effects on lipid and glucose parameters., M. Poruba, Z. Matušková, L. Kazdová, O. Oliyarnyk, H. Malínská, I. Tozzi di Angelo, R. Večeřa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Nárůst počtu sociálně vyloučených osob v naší společnosti podtrhuje potřebu poskytování specifické zdravotní péče. Pacienti z této sociální vrstvy vyžadují komplexní zdravotně-sociální péči ve větší míře než pacienti z ostatních vrstev. Zdravotně-sociální péče o sociálně vyloučené osoby vyústila v USA a EU v založení oboru pouliční medicína (street medicine). Specifickou problematiku v rámci pouliční medicíny představuje zdravotně-sociální péče o ženy. Ta je v České republice zatížena, tak jako všeobecná lékařská péče o tyto osoby, profesionální nepřipraveností lékařů, zdravotnických zařízení i systému zdravotní péče (chybějí guidelines, chybí koncepce zdravotní péče o tuto sociální skupinu). Nadto u žen z této sociální skupiny chybí vzhledem k dlouhodobě neperspektivní životní situaci motivace ke spoluúčasti na prevenci., Increased number of socially excluded people in our society emphasizes the need to provide specific health care. Patients of this social group require complex health and social care to a greater extent than those of the other social groups. Health and social care for socially excluded people resulted in the US and the EU in establishing the field of street medicine. The specific issue within the street medicine is health and social care for women. This type of medicine struggles in the Czech Republic as well as the general medical care mainly due to professional unpreparedness of doctors, medical facilities and health care system (no recommendations, no concept of health care in this social group). In addition, women from this social group are not interested in screening programs as there is lack of motivation in their social situation., and Andrea Pekárková
During separations in both polar and nonpolar stationary phases of gas chromatographic columns, side alkylchains of n-alkylphenols and n-alkylbenzenes become cyclized. In the aromatic-quasi-alicyclic molecules that are thereby formed, the effect of van der Waals forces is thus increased. The increase involves not only intramolecularly but also intermolecularly acting effects and becomes significantly evident when propyl and higher substituents as butyl, pentyl and hexyl constitute the side alkyl chains. As a result, boiling points considerably increase (non-linearly) in the case of n-alkylphenols and n-alkylbenzenes with total number of carbons in the molecule higher than 9. This leads to divergence in the retention characteristics of the above-mentioned compounds, which can be observed in the dependence of relative retention times on the number of carbons. Cyclization of side alkyl chains in a stationary phase is a quite new phenomenon., Pavel Straka, Petr Buryan and Jana Náhunková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This paper deals with subsidiary prosecution, which is an institute that is not known to the current Czech criminal trial, but its legislative embedment is considered in the future. Attention is paid in this context, among other things, to criminal-law relations, which are applied through criminal-trial relations, and to the right to efficient investigation which the aggrieved party (victim of the crime) has in relation to the state. The author admits, under certain conditions, the existence of subsidiary prosecution because it is a suitable form of how to check the principle of legality, as well as a suitable instrument against misuse of discretionary powers of the public prosecutor (in the systems built upon the principle of opportunity)., Jiří Mulák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for termination of excitatory transmission at cholinergic synapses by the hydrolyzing of a neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nowadays, other functions of acetylcholinesterase in the organism are considered, for example its role in regulation of apoptosis. Cholinergic nervous system as well as acetylcholinesterase activity is closely related to pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. The mostly used therapy of Alzheimer disease is based on enhancing cholinergic function using inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase like rivastigmine, donepezil or galantamine. These drugs can influence not only the acetylcholinesterase activity but also other processes in treated organism. The paper is aimed mainly on possibility of increased expression and protein level of acetylcholinesterase caused by the therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. and A. Kračmarová, L. Drtinová, M. Pohanka
Protein kinases, transcription factors and other apoptosis- and proliferation-related proteins can regulate reproduction, but their involvement in sexual maturation remains to be elucidated. The general aim of the in vivo and in vitro experiments with porcine ovarian granulosa cells was to identify possible intracellular regulators of female sexual maturation. For this purpose, proliferation (expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen - PCNA, mitogen-activated protein kinases - ERK 1,2 related MAPK and cyclin B1), apoptosis (expression of the apoptotic protein Bax and apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 protein), expression of some protein kinases (cAMP dependent protein kinase - PKA, cGMPdependent protein kinase - PKG, tyrosine kinase - TK) and cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) was examined in granulosa cells isolated from ovaries of immature and mature gilts. Expression of PCNA, ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1, Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1, TK and PKG in porcine granulosa cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Sexual maturation was associated with significant increase in the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1 and TK and with decrease in the expression of ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1 and PKG in granulosa cells. No significant difference in PCNA expression was noted. The present data obtained from in vitro study indicate that sexual maturation in females is influenced by puberty-related changes in porcine ovarian signaling substances: increase in Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1, TK and decrease in ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1 and PKG. It suggests that these signaling molecules could be potential regulators of porcine sexual maturation., A. Kolesarova, A. V. Sirotkin, M. Mellen, S. Roychoudhury., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Idiopathic pes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a congenital deformity of the foot and lower leg defined as a fixation of the foot in plantar flexion, adduction, supination and varus. The deformity does not affect only the foot position, which is usually investigated by radiography, CT, micro-CT, MRI or ultrasound but logically influence the whole gait biomechanics. It is supposed, that clubfoot belongs to a group of fibroproliferative disorders whose origin and multi- hierarchical effect remain unknown. It has been suggested that fibroblasts and growth factors may be involved. To gain a more global view, direct analysis of the protein composition of extra cellular matrix, a proteomic approach was used. At present two principle methods are mostly used for the treatment of clubfoot: physiotherapy and the Ponseti method. The determination of the general biological and biomechanical parameters for various regio ns of the clubfoot can potentially help in the understanding of the mechanisms participating on this serious anomaly and thus contribute to the development of the more efficient therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the poss ible pathogenetic mechanisms participating in the development of the clubfoot and their possible relation to the new therapeutic approaches., M. Ošťádal, J. Lišková, D. Hadraba, A. Eckhardt., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Exposure to chronic hypoxia results in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension characterized by structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary vasculature. An important part of this remodeling is an increase of collagen turnover and deposition of newly formed collagen fibrils in the vascular walls. The activity of collagenolytic metalloproteinases in the lung tissue is notably increased in the first days of exposure to hypoxia. The increased collagenolytic activity results in the appearance of collagen cleavages, which may be implied in the triggering of mesenchymal proliferation in peripheral pulmonary arteries. We hypothesize that radical injury to pulmonary vascular walls is involved in collagenolytic metalloproteinase activation., J. Novotná, J. Herget., and Obsahuje bibliografii