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8762. Interrupce v socialistickém Československu z foucaultovské perspektivy

Creator:
Radka Dudová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
interrupce, reprodukční práva, abortion, reproductive rights, body, governmentality, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The right to end an unwanted pregnancy as an integral part of the full citizenship of women has been influenced, reinfluenced, and questioned by different actors in the Czech Republic since the 1950s. Until 1986 the right to abortion was not viewed as a woman’s personal right, but depended upon the decision of abortion commissions and was influenced by the current demographic and political situation. The decision-making process was a very embarrassing experience for many women, who in fact had no other means of contraception available to them. In this paper, I analyse the legal and political regulation of abortion from the perspective of Foucault´s theory of governmentality and biopower. Abortion regulation is an example of how state power influences and disciplines the bodies of its subjects, how it regulates the population and shapes it according to the government’s needs. Through the regulation of abortion, the state not only attempted to restrict a woman’s right to make decisions about her own body, but also defined which of its citizens should or should not become a parent and under what circumstances, and who should or should not have the right to be born. In the text I first present the theory of governmentality, then I analyse the periods of the regulation of abortion in socialist Czechoslovakia, and finally I show how this regulation can be understood as an instrument of a specific form of governmentality typical of totalitarian communist regime., Radka Dudová., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8763. Interspike background activity in extracelullarly recorded purkinje neurons: spectral analysis

Creator:
Šaponjić, J., Ćulić, M., Janković, B., and Jovanović, A
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, spektrální analýza, spectrum analysis, purkinje neurons, interspike backgound activity, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to investigate the spectral characteristics of Purkinje cell interspike background activity caused by the occurrence of particular action potentials or by electrically induced enhancement of cerebellar inhibitory and excitatory input drive. Spontaneously active Purkinje neurons were extracellularly recorded in anesthetized rats before and after cessation of stimulation from the inferior olive (IO) or locus coeruleus (LC). After A/D conversion (30 kHz), direct spectral analysis of extracted interspike background activity was done. Our results have shown that, in contrast to simple spikes, the occurrence of complex spikes induces changes in the spectra of interspike background activity. The different spectral changes of interspike background activity induced by LC and IO stimulation also indicated the importance of this extracellularly recorded phenomenon., J. Šaponjic, M. Culic, B. Jankovic, A Jovanovic., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8764. Intersticiální cystitida / syndrom bolestí v močovém měchýři – základní principy

Creator:
Hanno, P., Burks, D., Cervigni, M., Nordling, J., and Ophoven, A. van
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
intersticiální cystitida--diagnóza--etiologie--patofyziologie--terapie, pánevní dno--patofyziologie, endometrióza--komplikace, vulvodynie--komplikace, močový měchýř--patofyziologie, pánevní bolest--etiologie, algoritmy, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma, ženské pohlaví, lidé, and mužské pohlaví
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Tento přehledový článek vychází z kurzu prezentovaného na kongresu Americké urologické asociace v červnu 2014, který byl zaměřen na problematiku intersticiální cystitidy a syndromu bolestí v močovém měchýři. Autoři uvádějí nejnovější úpravy v taxonomii a názvosloví těchto syndromů včetně aktuálních definic a nabízejí pohled na bolestivé syndromy z gynekologické i urologické perspektivy. Článek je doplněn přehlednými diagramy a algoritmy uznávaných mezinárodních společností, které mohou sloužit jako vodítko při diagnostice a léčbě těchto komplexních syndromů., This review is based on the course presented on AUU meeting held in July 2014 focusing on the conditions known as interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome. The authors are introducing last updates in taxonomy and nomenclature of these syndromes, including current definitions and offering an overview of painful syndromes from both gynaecologic and urologic perspective. The article is accompanied with detailed flow charts from accepted international associations, which may serve as a guideline for diagnostics and treatment of these complex syndromes., and Hanno P., Burks D., Cervigni M., Nordling J., Van Ophoven A.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8765. Intersticiální plicní procesy a granulomatózy asociované s běžným variabilním imunodeficitem

Creator:
Doubková, Martina, Moulis, Mojmír, and Skřičková, Jana
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
intersticiální plicní nemoci--imunologie--patofyziologie, imunodeficience běžná variabilní--diagnóza--patofyziologie--terapie, plíce--anatomie a histologie--patofyziologie--radioizotopová diagnostika, retrospektivní studie, prognóza, diagnostické techniky dýchacího ústrojí--klasifikace, granulom--diagnóza--klasifikace--patofyziologie--terapie, diferenciální diagnóza, počítačová rentgenová tomografie, rentgendiagnostika hrudníku, plicní nemoci--diagnóza--klasifikace--patofyziologie--terapie, sarkoidóza plicní--diagnóza--patofyziologie--terapie, and lidé
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Běžný variabilní imunodeficit (CVID) patří k nejběžnějším primárním imunitním deficitům a je charakterizován poruchou tvorby imunoglobulinů. Hypogamaglobulinemie se u CVID manifestuje v každém věku, obvykle ale v dospělosti, a není známa závislost výskytu nemoci na pohlaví. Prevalence se odhaduje na 1 : 25 000–1 : 50 000. Patogeneze CVID není plně známa. Základním klinickým respiračním příznakem CVID jsou opakující se infekce dýchacích cest, převážně bakteriální: sinusitidy, bronchitidy, pneumonie, se vznikem bronchiektázií a plicní fibrózy. Intersticiální plicní procesy a granulomatózy se obvykle manifestují již v době diagnózy CVID a jsou většinou špatným prognostickým faktorem onemocnění., Common variable immunodeficiency disorder belongs to the most common primary human immunodeficiencies and it is characterized by primary defective immunoglobulin production. Hypogammaglobulinemia manifests in every age, usually in adult people. There is no gender predisposition. The prevalence is 1 : 25 000–1 : 50 000. The ethiopathogenesis of the majority of CVIDs is unknown. The main clinical respiratory symptoms include recurrent respiratory infects, especially bacterial etiology, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, leading to bronchiectasis and lung fibrosis. Interstitial lung fibrosis and granulomatosis often manifest at diagnosis of CVID and they are negative prognostic factors of the disease., and Martina Doubková, Mojmír Moulis, Jana Skřičková
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8768. Intertidal respiration of Anurida maritima (Collembola: Neanuridae)

Creator:
Rüssbeck, Raimund, Biefang, Marc, Baumgärtl, Horst, and Zinkler, Dietmar
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, conference publication, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ekofyziologie, Collembola, Anurida maritima, dýchání, hypoxie, adaptace na stres, regulace dýchání, 591.5, 061.3, and 595.2/.7
Language:
English
Description:
The intertidal collembolan Anurida maritima can endure periods of twice-daily submergence by seawater. The air-breathing terrestrial apterygote insect has developed specific adaptations to prevent respiratory failure during hypoxic stress. When submerged, the animal is initially enclosed by an air-bubble. This bubble lasts three times longer than the small amount of stored oxygen would allow. The air bubble acts not only as an oxygen store but also as a compressible gas gill. This was demonstrated by an O2-needle electrode technique which allowed recordings of pO2 changes in the watery medium close to the animal. Oxygen uptake in A. maritima follows an aerial mode of respiration during the first three hours of submergence. Oxygen consumption rate at decreasing ambient O2 partial pressures showed oxyregulating behaviour during severe hypoxia., Dietmar Zinkler, Raimund Rüssbeck, Marc Biefang, Horst Baumgärtl, and Lit
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8769. Interval versus continuous training with identical workload: physiological and aerobic capacity adaptations

Creator:
Araujo, G. G. de, Gobatto, C. A., Marcos-Pereira, M., Dos Reis, I. G. M., and Verlengia, R.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, testosteron, výkon, testosterone, performance, anaerobic threshold, glycogen, corticosterone, biomarkers, endurance, intensity, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The interval model training has been more recommended to promote aerobic adaptations due to recovery period that enables the execution of elevated intensity and as consequence, higher workload in relation to continuous training. However, the physiological and aerobic capacity adaptations in interval training with identical workload to continuous are still uncertain. The purpose was to characterize the effects of chronic and acute biomarkers adaptations and aerobic capacity in interval and continuous protocols with equivalent load. Fifty Wistar rats were divided in three groups: Continuous training (GTC), interval training (GTI) and control (CG). The running training lasted 8 weeks (wk) and was based at Anaerobic Threshold (AT) velocity. GTI showed glycogen super-compensation (mg/100 mg) 48 h after training session in relation to CG and GTC (GTI red gastrocnemius (RG)=1.41±0.16; GTI white gastrocnemius (WG)=1.78±0.20; GTI soleus (S)=0.26±0.01; GTI liver (L)=2.72±0.36; GTC RG=0.42±0.17; GTC WG=0.54±0.22; GTC S=0.100±0.01; GTC L=1.12±0.24; CG RG=0.32±0.05; CG WG=0.65±0.17; CG S=0.14±0.01; CG L=2.28±0.33). The volume performed by GTI was higher than GTC. The aerobic capacity reduced 11 % after experimental period in GTC when compared to GTI, but this change was insignificant (19.6±5.4 m/min; 17.7±2.5 m/min, effect size = 0.59). Free fatty acids and glucose concentration did not show statistical differences among the groups. Corticosterone concentration increased in acute condition for GTI and GTC. Testosterone concentration reduced 71 % in GTC immediately after the exercise in comparison to CG. The GTI allowed positive adaptations when compared to GTC in relation to: glycogen super-compensation, training volume performed and anabolic condition. However, the GTI not improved the aerobic performance., G. G. de Araujo, C. A: Gobatto, M. Marcos-Pereira, I. G. M. Dos Reis, R: Verlengia., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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