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531. Ústav půdní biologie Biologického centra Akademie věd ČR, v. v. i., v Českých Budějovicích

Creator:
Václav Pižl, Miloslav Šimek, and Karel Tajovský
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, Ústav půdní biologie (Československá akademie věd), půdní biologie, půdní zoologie, půdní rozbory, přírodovědný výzkum, soil biology, soil zoology, soil testing, natural science research, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Václav Pižl, Miloslav Šimek, Karel Tajovský.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

533. Utváření a význam pavoučích osobností v ekologické dynamice

Creator:
Michalko, Radek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, pavouci, ekologie, evoluce (biologie), ekologická dynamika, evoluční dynamika, personalita, vnitrodruhová variabilita, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Vnitrodruhová variabilita v chování zvířat, tj. personalita, výrazně ovlivňuje ekologické i evoluční procesy. V tomto článku se pojednává o tom, jak může personalita vzniknout u pavouků a její vliv na potravní sítě., Inter-individual behavioural differences, i.e. personalities, play a very important role in eco-evolutionary processes. Here, we describe how spiders’ personalities arise and how they influence the dynamics of food webs., and Radek Michalko.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

534. Úvahy nad pohybem a periodizací českého předbělohorského knihtisku

Creator:
Petr Voit
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Polygrafie. Vydavatelství a knižní obchod, 15.-17. století, knihtisk, dějiny knihtisku, čtenářství, vydávání a distribuce knih, dějiny typografie, knihtiskaři, letterpress printing, history of letterpress printing, reading, publishing and bookselling, history of typography, letterpress printers, Česko, 12, and 655
Language:
Czech
Description:
Petr Voit.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

535. V lednu 2016 začíná druhé kolo e-learningových kurzů o ochraně přírody

Creator:
Dušková, Markéta
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, virtuální vzdělávání, e-learning, vzdělávací kurzy, ochrana přírody, virtual education, educational courses, nature conservation, on-line vzdělávání, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Markéta Dušková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

536. V zajetí Gutenbergova syndromu: Metodologické aspekty vizuálních stimulů v sociálně vědním výzkumu

Creator:
Martin Buchtík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, visual research, visual stimuli, methodology, projective techniques, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Techniky využívající vizuálních stimulů jsou v sociálněvědním výzkumu přítomny od konce 19. století. Jejich metodologické ukotvení, zejména pak v kvantitativně orientovaných studiích, však není příliš pevné. V této přehledové stati se proto zaměřuji na metodologické aspekty jednotlivých skupin vizuálních technik a následně formuluji doporučení pro design studií, které se takový typ výzkumu rozhodnou použít. V textu se po stručném historickém úvodu postupně věnuji psychologickým projektivním metodám, využití vizuálních materiálů v hloubkových rozhovorech a kvantitativních dotazníkových šetřeních. V diskusi pak shrnuji metodologická specifika tohoto typu technik, doporučení pro design instrumentu a problémy validity., Techniques using visual stimuli have existed in social research since the late 19th century. However, the methodological framework in which they are embedded remains limited in scope, especially with respect to quantitative research. In this article, the author focuses on the methodological aspects of various types of visual techniques. Subsequently, he proposes some recommendations for methodological design. After a brief historical review, the main part of the article discusses psychological projective methods, photo-elicitation techniques and the application of visual stimuli in in-depth interviewing and quantitative questionnaire surveys. Final discussion focuses on the methodological specifics of visual methods, design recommendations and the problem of validity., Martin Buchtík., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

537. Vagal-immune interactions involved in cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway

Creator:
Ivan Žila, Daniela Mokrá, Kopincova, J., Kolomaznik, M., Michal Javorka, and Andrea Čalkovská
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, autonomní nervový systém, cytokiny, autonomic nervous system, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, vagus nerve, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, inflammatory reflex, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Inflammation and other immune responses are involved in the variety of diseases and disorders. The acute response to endotoxemia includes activation of innate immune mechanisms as well as changes in autonomic nervous activity. The autonomic nervous system and the inflammatory response are intimately linked and sympathetic and vagal nerves are thought to have anti-inflammation functions. The basic functional circuit between vagus nerve a nd inflammatory response was identified and the neuroimmunomodulation loop was called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Unique function of vagus nerve in the anti-inflammatory reflex arc was found in many experimental and pre-clinical studies. They br ought evidence on the cholinergic signaling interacting with systemic and local inflammation, particularly suppressing immune cells function. Pharmacological/electrical modulation of vagal activity suppressed TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines prod uction and had beneficial therapeutic effects. Many questions related to mapping, linking and targeting of vagal-immune interactions have been elucidated and brought understanding of its basic physiology and provided the initial support for development of Tracey's inflammatory reflex. This review summarizes and critically assesses the current knowledge defining cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with main focus on studies employing an experimental approach and emphasizes the potential of modulation of va gally-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in the treatment strategies., I. Zila, D. Mokra, J. Kopincova, M. Kolomaznik, M. Javorka, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

538. Variation of thorax flight temperature among twenty Australian butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae)

Creator:
Nève, Gabriel and Hall, Casey
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, otakárkovití, babočkovití, běláskovití, motýli, Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, thorax flight temperature, wing loading, infra red thermometer, warming-up rate, physical constraint, allometry, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Thermal requirements for flight in butterflies is determined by a combination of external factors, behaviour and physical constraints. Thorax temperature of 152 butterflies was monitored with an infra-red thermometer in controlled laboratory conditions. The temperature at take-off varied from 13.4°C, for a female Heteronympha merope to 46.3°C, for a female Junonia villida. Heteronympha merope, an understorey species, had the lowest recorded take-off temperatures, with females flying at a much lower thorax temperatures than males. Among the tested butterfly species, warming-up rate was positively correlated with take-off temperature and negatively with body mass. Wing loading is a major variable in determining the thorax flight temperature. Butterflies with the highest wing-loadings experienced the highest thorax temperatures at take-off. A notable exception to this rule is Trapezites symmomus, the only Hesperiidae of our data set, which had thorax flight temperatures of 31.5°C and 34.5°C, well within the range of the observed butterflies, despite a wing load ca. five times higher. The high thorax temperature recorded in J. villida is probably linked to its high flight speed. The results highlight the importance of physical constraints such as body size on the thermal requirements for flight across a range of butterfly species., Gabriel Nève, Casey Hall., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

539. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in rat heart atria: the effect of hyperthyroidism

Creator:
Jitka Kuncová and Jana Slavíková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdce, heart, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, hyperthyroidism, rat, development, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The effects of transient and sustained hyperthyroidism on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) levels were studied in the heart atria of developing and adult rats. Newborn rats were divided into 5 groups. Neo-T animals were treated with thyroxine (T4) during postnatal days 1-8 and sacrificed at the age of 60 days. Neo-S rats were treated with T4 during postnatal days 1-60 and sacrificed one day later. Adult-1 and Adult-2 animals received T4 during days 52-60 and were sacrificed 5-6 days and 1 day later, respectively. Control animals were injected with saline. VIP-LI concentrations were determined in extracts from the left and right atria separately. In Neo-S and Adult-2 rats, spontaneous heart rate, the weight of both atria and total T4 serum levels were significantly enhanced, while their body weight was decreased. The ratio atria weight to body weight was significantly increased in all groups except for Adult-1 animals. Hyperthyroidism led to a significant decrease in VIP-LI levels in both atria of Neo-S and Neo-T rats. Hyperthyroidism induced in adult rats also decreased VIP-LI levels in both atria. However, this change was only transient. In conclusion, our data have provided new evidence that hyperthyroidism induced during the early neonatal period interferes with the development of VIP-ergic innervation in rat atria. The period of the first few postnatal days seems to be essential for this effect, since VIP-LI concentrations in 60-day-old animals did not significantly differ between Neo-S and Neo-T atria., J. Kuncová, J. Slavíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public