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2. " Intonazioni degli Ebrei" from Benedetto Marcello's Estro poetico-armonico in Prague in 1729

Creator:
Milada Jonášová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Denzio, Antonio, 1689-, Marcello, Benedetto, 1686-1739, 1701-1750, muzikologie, musicology, dějiny hudby, history of music, dějiny opery, history of opera, opery, operas, barokní hudba, baroque music, hudební skladatelé, composers, hudební život, musical life, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), 78.01, 78(091), 782(091), 782, 78.034.7, 78.071.1, 78-027.22, and (046)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie Milady Jonášové se zabývá využitím jmenované kantáty italského hudebního skladatele Benedetta Marcella operním impresáriem Antoniem Denziem v pasticciu "Sansone", provedeným v roce 1729 na scéně pražského divadla v paláci hraběte Františka Antonína Sporcka., Milada Jonášová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 51, anglický abstrakt na s. 5.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. " Naše pouť": Svatojanské Hudební akademie Spolku českých žurnalistů na pozadí proměn svatojanského kultu v letech 1878-1885

Creator:
Petra Kolátorová
Format:
print
Type:
article, studie, studies, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Neruda, Jan, 1834-1891, Smetana, Bedřich, 1824-1884, Bendl, Karel, 1838-1897, Fibich, Zdeněk, 1850-1900, Zelený, Václav Vladimír, 1858-1892, Spolek českých žurnalistů, 19. století, dějiny hudby, hudební skladatelé, hudební život, koncerty, composers, concerts, history of music, musical life, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), 78(091), 78-027.22, 78.091, 78.071.1, and (048.8)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Academies of St John presented by the Society of Bohemian Journalists in the form of a series of orchestral concerts held in Prague took place as a part of celebrations in honour of St John of Nepomuk held each May from 1878 until 1885. The Society of Bohemian Journalists held the events for the purpose of raising money, and on an ideological level, the events were intended to create room for the presentation of orchestral works by Bohemian composers. The organizer of the Academy was the writer, poet, and journalist Jan Neruda, whose feuilletons and reviews in the newspaper Národní listy reflect on the academies that they produced, but on a broader level, they also reveal his attitude towards the saint and the traditional veneration of John of Nepomuk. As a source, this period correspondence of the direct or indirect participants in the Academies of St John or in another project with similar aims (the Slavonic Concerts of the Academic Readers Association) has not previously been exhaustively studied, and it offers insight into Prague’s concert life at the time., Petra Kolátorová., Rubrika: Studie, Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 296-298.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. „ Neue" Lieder im Gesangbuch Jesličky (1658) von Fridrich Bridelius und ihre Textvorlagen: Bemerkungen zu den Inspirationsquellen der tschechischen barocken Kirchenlieder

Creator:
Marie Škarpová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, studies, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Bridel, Bedřich, 1619-1680, 17. století, duchovní písně, hymnologie, kancionály, literární historie, muzikologie, hymn books, hymnology, literary history, musicology, sacred songs, Čechy (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), 78.01, 82(091), 783.6:781, 783.6, and (048.8)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie Marie Škarpové se zabývá literárními prameny a okruhy duchovních písní, které byly inspirací pro repertoár kancionálu "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky", jehož autorem byl přední český barokní básník a duchovní Fridrich Bridelius., This study deals with that portion of the repertoire of the Czech Advent and Christmas songbook Jesličky (Prague, 1658) by Fridrich Bridelius, which newly appeared in Czech hymnography thanks to this song book, and it summarizes the various results of the search for textual sources from other languages for these “new” songs in Jesličky. It points out their ties to contemporary German written hymnography (of both German and Bohemian provenience) and to Latin hymnography, i.e. to contemporary Latin songs. The text is thus not only a contribution towards discovering the ways that Czech hymnographers of the 17th century became familiar with the new, i.e. baroque, poetic language, but also, above all, an attempt to stimulate further hymnological research on baroque hymnographic works in the early modern history of Central Europe and the interconnections and relationships between them., Marie Škarpová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 397, anglický abstrakt na s. 377.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. "... čeština ve většině okresů země je stále ještě nezbytná...": existoval jazykový program v nařízeních Josefa II. pro země Koruny české?

Creator:
Timofejev, Dmitrij
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
II., římskoněmecký císař, Josef, 1741-1790, jazyková politika, language policy, Rakousko (1526-1804), země Koruny české, Austrian monarchy (1526-1804), Lands of the Bohemian Crown, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The article deals with the regulation of the use of Czech, German and classical languages in the administrative, school and Church spheres as it appears in the decrees published during Joseph II’s reign for the lands of the Bohemian crown. The author attempts to reconstruct the emperor’s vision of the usage of the different languages in the Czech lands, find the reasoning behind it, and identify the methods of this regulation. He also asks whether, in Joseph II’s case, one can speak about a "language policy" as a deliberate strategy to change the language situation in the Czech lands., Dmitrij Timofejev., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. "A job in politics is not for women": analysing barriers to women's political representation in CEE

Creator:
Clavero, Sara and Galligan, Yvonne
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article discusses women's political representation in Central and Eastern Europe in the fifteen years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the adoption of liberal democratic political systems in the region. It highlights the deep-seated gender stereotypes that define women primarily as wives and mothers, with electoral politics seen as an appropriate activity for men, but less so for women. The article explores the ways in which conservative attitudes on gender roles hinders the supply of, and demand for, women in the politics of Central and Eastern Europe. It also discusses the manner in which the internalisation of traditional gender norms affects women's parliamentary behaviour, as few champion women's rights in the legislatures of the region. The article also finds that links between women MPs and women's organisations are weak and fragmented, making coalition-building around agendas for women's rights problematic.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

11. "A Pinch of Equality": the cultural technique of numbering in the late 18th century

Creator:
Tantner, Anton and Pohl, Brita
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
18. století, číslování domů, house numbering, media history, numbering, cultural technique, surveillance studies, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The 18th century sees the triumph of a cultural technique so self-evident to us that we hardly think that it might have a history at all: numbering. This technique assigns a number to an object or a subject - whether a house, a page in a book, a regiment, a tone pitch, a painting, a horse-drawn carriage or a policeman - in order to positively identify this object or subject. The article presents a hitherto nearly undiscovered research field by clarifying some of the basic terminology and draws on examples from all over Europe, focussing on the numbering of - mostly vagrant - people on one side, on spaces such as houses, rooms or even hospital beds on the other side. At the end some of the research questions to be asked about this topic in the future are presented., Anton Tantner ; translated by Brita Pohl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

12. "Ani o grajciar viac...": klientela bratislavských kníhkupcov v radoch uhorského evanjelického duchovenstva

Creator:
Križanová, Petronela
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Institoris-Mošovský, Michal, 1733-1803, Mahler, Philip Ulrich, 1746-1806, Löwe, Anton, asi 1740-asi 1800, 18. století, knižní obchod, knihkupci, knihaři, book trade, booksellers, bookbinders, Maďarsko, Bratislava (Slovensko), Hungary, Bratislava (Slovakia), 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The author examines the clientele of the Bratislava booksellers Anton Löwe and Philip Ulrich Mahler in the context of the Hungarian book trade from 1770 to 1800. By analysing the extant correspondence of Michal Institoris Mošovský, a protestant pastor in Bratislava, she was able to partially identify one segment of their customer base - protestant clergymen. For many years these members of the petty intelligentsia purchased from the Bratislava booksellers, in particular imported works by the German pietists and Enlightenment theologians. The author also investigated the social and geographical limits of the distribution process, some of the contact and distribution networks, and the identity of key figures., Petronela Križanová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

13. "Anžto vy znáte můj pokleslý vkus...": Josef Adam ze Schwarzenbergu a jeho zámecke divadlo v Českem Krumlově v letech 1766-1768 : nové poznatky a souvislosti

Creator:
Helena Kazárová
Format:
print
Type:
article, studie, studies, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
kníže, Schwarzenberg, Josef Adam, 1722-1782, Scarlatti, Giuseppe, 1712-1777, Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 1714-1787, 18. století, dějiny divadla, dějiny hudby, muzikologie, opera, zámecká divadla, šlechta, chateau theaters, composers, history of theater, musicology, nobility, Český Krumlov (Česko), Český Krumlov (Czechia), 78.01, 78(091), 792(091), 929.7, 792.05:728.82, 782, and (048.8)
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study deals with the relationship of Prince Joseph Adam von Schwarzenberg to music and theatre and with the way in which his theatrical preferences revealed themselves in the repertoire of his private castle theatre in Cesky Krumlov from 1766 until 1768. Through a careful study of the extant sources (correspondence, libretti, scores and parts, accounting books etc.), the author has managed to specify the reasons for the precipitous renovation of the castle theatre in late 1765 and early 66 and to determine what specific dramatic works were performed there. Among other things, she has succeeded in compiling the entire list of performances planned for the fourteen-day wedding celebration in the summer of 1768. The author furthermore focuses on information about the musicians who were then in the princes services and also about commissioned musical instruments and musical scores and parts., Helena Kazárová., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 45.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

19. "Clubhouse model" pro osoby po poškození mozku : možnost smysluplného zaměstnání pro osoby poranění mozku : "zachráněný život stojí za to žít"

Creator:
Evropský sociální fond, Evropská unie, and Operační program Lidské zdroje a zaměstnanost
Publisher:
CEREBRUM
Format:
print and [12] s. : il. ; 19 cm
Type:
model:monograph, monograph, Text, informační publikace, and TEXT
Subject:
neurologie, pracovní lékařství, poranění mozku, pracovní program - tolerance, průběh práce, svépomocné skupiny, sociální opora, 612.8, 616.8, 613.6, 331.472, and 614.8
Language:
Czech
Description:
Brožura „Clubhouse model“ pro osoby po poškození mozku popisuje a vysvětluje základní hodnoty pracovního komunitního centra „Clubhouse“ v Dánsku a jejich aplikaci v praxi, fungování centra Hoved Huset (cílová skupina, způsoby zapojení a podporování členů k návratu do smysluplného zaměstnání, aktivity probíhající v centru), výsledky a zkušenosti z pohledu členů i zaměstnavatelů na dánském pracovním
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

21. „Dívej se, abys viděl.” Rozhovor s Jarmilou Kubíkovou u příležitosti jejích osmdesátin

Creator:
Pavel Špryňar
Format:
print
Type:
article, jubilejní články, festschriften, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Přírodní vědy. Matematické vědy, Kubíková, Jarmila, 1933-, botanika, ekologie rostlin, ochrana přírody, rozhovor, botany, plant ecology, nature conservation, interview, 6, and 5
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pavel Špryňar.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

23. "Elephant trunk" and endovascular stentgrafting--a hybrid approach to the treatment of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm

Creator:
Holubec, Tomáš, Raupach, Jan, Dominik, Jan, and Vojáček, Jan
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
dospělí, aneurysma hrudní aorty--komplikace--diagnóza--chirurgie, cévy - implantace protéz--metody, endovaskulární výkony--metody, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and stenty
Language:
English
Description:
A hybrid approach to elephant trunk technique for treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms combines a conventional surgical and endovascular therapy. Compared to surgery alone, there is a presumption that mortality and morbidity is reduced. We present a case report of a 42-year-old man with a giant aneurysm of the entire thoracic aorta, significant aortic and tricuspid regurgitation and ventricular septum defect. The patient underwent multiple consecutive operations and interventions having, among others, finally replaced the entire thoracic aorta with the use of the hybrid elephant trunk technique. and T. Holubec, J. Raupach, J. Dominik, J. Vojácek
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. "Es ist nicht leichters, als diese Difficultät zu heben...": Tereziánské správní reformy, centralizace monarchie a pojetí české státnosti na příkladu výkonu nobilitační agendy jako výseku majestátních práv české koruny

Creator:
Brňovják, Jiří
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
česká a uherská královna, císařovna, choť Františka Štěpána I., římskoněmeckého císaře, Marie Terezie, 1717-1780, centralismus, nobilitace, česká koruna, centralism, nobilitation, Czech koruna, správní reformy, český stát, administrative reforms, Bohemian state, Bohemian crown, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This study examines the possibilities and limitations of centralizing reforms within the western part of the Habsburg monarchy, as illustrated by the problematic issue of ennoblement in the Czech lands. The administrative reforms of 1749 resulted in the administrative union of both state entities in a single whole of (all) so-called Hereditary Lands. They also led to the closure of separate offices at court representing the Czech and Austrian lands, replacing them with a single Directorium in publicis et cameralibus, which took over the ennoblement programme hitherto operated by those two offices. Despite the apparently centralizing tendency of the reforms, this did not extend to any unification of entitlements to ennoblement, which continued to be based on particular ranks and titles specific to either the Kingdom of Bohemia or the Archduchy of Austria. It was not until 1752 that, on the urging of Maria Theresa herself, a unified, legally binding system for dispensing preferment and privilege, including a unified scale of aristocratic titles for all the Hereditary Lands, was introduced. In practice, ennoblement rights in the two state entities remained differentiated as to specific titles up until the early 19th century, when the two systems were superseded by a new Austrian Imperial ranking. Thus one of the last relics of the conception of the Czech Crown Lands as an autonomous historical entity finally ceased to exist., Jiří Brňovják., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26. „Esse apparens” a jeho role v Auriolově výkladu smyslového vnímání

Creator:
Lukáš Lička
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, Aureoli, Petrus, asi 1280-asi 1322, teologie a filozofie, smyslové vnímání, smyslové klamy, theology and philosophy, senses and sensation, sensory illusion, "esse apparens", intentional being, perceptual realism, argument from illusion, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
The main aim of this paper is to propose an adequate interpretation of the concept esse apparens (apparent being) which was used by Franciscan philosopher and theologian Peter Auriol (c. 1280-1322), especially focusing on his account of sensory perception. Drawing on an analysis of the relevant passages of the commentary on the Sentences by Auriol, first, I introduce his famous account of sensory illusions, and then his own claims about the nature of esse appparens (Auriol refuses to treat it either as a separate entity serving as a mediator of perception, or as only an extrinsic denomination of the perceived object). In the next part, I reject the interpretation which identifies esse apparens with mental representation. In my opinion, it is more appropriate to place this concept into the context of scholastic doctrine of objectiver or intentional being (popularized mainly by Duns Scotus and his disciples). At the end of the paper, I return to Auriol's account of illusions and show that it is compatible with esse apparens being understood as mode of being., Lukáš Lička., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

28. "Exclusivism" in international nuclear law: the concept revisited

Creator:
Jakub Handrlica
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
právo, law, international nuclear law, exclusivism, radioactive waste management, nuclear third party liability, transport of radioactive waste, 16, and 34
Language:
English
Description:
The concept of "Exclusivism" is considered to represent one of the most characteristic features of International Nuclear Law. This concept is reflected by regulating matters of uses of nuclear energy and ionising radiation exclusively by distinct principles, that govern legal relations arising in these matters. The concept of "Exclusivism" has been widely reflected in the provisions of international conventions, which have been adopted since the 1960s. This article aims to revisit this concept, taking the most recent developments in international and European law into regard. The article is dealing with the reasons and origins of the concept of "Exclusivism" in International Nuclear Law, with reflections of this concept in existing international treaties and at last but not at least, with most recent tendencies, that aim at jeopardising this concept., Jakub Handrlica., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30. "Fyzika podle božího světla opravená"

Creator:
Kraus, Ivo
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Komenský, Jan Amos, 1592-1670, přírodní vědy, vědění, encyklopedie, natural sciences, knowledge, encyclopedias, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
V době, kdy snad všechny oblasti lidské činnosti i zájmů mají své ilustrované encyklopedie, si zaslouží připomenout, že dochovaným pravzorem pro ně je Komenského Orbis sensualium pictus, nevelká knížka obsahující všech hlavních věcí na světě, všech výkonů života vymalování a jmenování., Ivo Kraus., and Ilustrace
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

35. "In wie weit diese Aufführung an Vollkommenheit der Erwartung unpartheyischer Kenner entsprochen habe, mag der Leser aus folgender kurzen Uebersicht entnehmen": Rhetorische Figuren und kritische Strategien der Theaterkritik im Prager Zeitschriftenwesen der 1790er Jahre

Creator:
Jakubcová, Alena
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Iffland, August Wilhelm, 1759-1814, periodika, osvícenství, divadlo, periodicals, enlightenment, theater, Vídeň (Rakousko), Praha (Česko), Vienna (Austria), Prague (Czechia), literary criticism, theatre criticism, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on early theatre criticism in Prague and Vienna at the end of the 18th century. It analyzes the argumentational forms and critical strategies. The 1790s are represented by three periodicals: Der Wahrheitsspiegel (Prague 1796-1798), Österreichische Monatsschrift (Prague - Vienna 1793-1794) and Der Theatralische Eulenspiegel (Prague 1797). The study is based on a close reading of six specific theatre critiques. It deals with epoch-typical critical postulates, with taste (Geschmack), impartiality (Unparteilichkeit) and the aesthetic concept of theatre as a real illusion (wahre Täuschung). This analysis of individual attitudes is also a contribution to the description and interpretation of theatre history and repertoire reforms., Alena Jakubcová jun., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36. "Ipsum Est Omnia in Omnibus": Matěj of Janov and the redemption of corporeal man according to Regulae veteris et novi testamenti V:8

Creator:
Kullerud, Ole Fredrik
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, Matěj z Janova, asi 1355-1393, teologové, filozofie, vykoupení, theologians, philosophy, redemption, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ole Fredrik Kullerud. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

37. „Je to bezesporu trápení cestovat touto zemí v takové zimě.“ Andaluský rytíř Pero Tafur v Čechách, ve Slezsku a na Moravě (1438-1439)

Creator:
Jaroslav Svátek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
II. Habsburský, římskoněmecký císař, Albrecht, 1397-1439, Šlik, Kašpar, asi 1400-1449, Tafur, Pero, asi 1410-1484, středověká společnost, cestovatelé, kavalírské cesty, medieval society, travellers, grand tours, Vratislav (Polsko), Wrocław (Poland), medieval voyager, 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article charts the path and the activity of the Andalusian nobleman Pero Tafur in the Czech lands at the end of 1438 and beginning of 1439. The visit formed part of his extensive four-year journey across European countries, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. The main motive was to meet with King of the Romans and of Bohemia Albert II. The meeting occured in February 1439 in Wroclaw, where Tafur arrived via Prague and Saxony in the entourage of the royal chancellor Kaspar Schlick, and from there he continued through Moravia to the south to Austria. The rather obscur testimony of the well-travelled knight is not only a remarable document of this monarch as a person and the contemporary historical context of Albert´s brief reign, but also provides an interesting image of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia in the atmosphere of the slowly extinguishing Hussite wars., Jaroslav Svátek., and Obsahuje literaturu a odkazy pod čarou
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

38. "Je to boj přírody o život & smrt...": lékaři ve službách Schwarzenbergův letech 1780-1830

Creator:
Grubhoffer, Václav
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Schwarzenbergové (rod), 18.-19. století, dějiny lékařství, history of medicine, schwarzenberští lékaři, Schwarzenbergs' physicians, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
From the 1780s on, the court of the Princes of Schwarzenberg generally maintained four or five personal doctors. These privileged positions were frequently held by individuals who also practised as municipal or county physicians. In their castles in Bohemia the Schwarzenbergs also employed surgeons and apothecaries, and in line with the professionalization of medical care during the Enlightenment they attached great importance to the training of health workers. In the first three decades of the 19th century health care in the context of the Schwarzenberg primogeniture became even more specialized and the number of medical staff on the various Schwarzenberg estates increased. In addition to their own physicians, the Schwarzenbergs also entrusted their health needs to eminent medical experts drawn primarily from the Habsburg court and the University of Vienna and later, from the 1830s on, to many doctors working in the Czech Lands. This study considers the relationship between the high nobility as representatives of social elites on the one hand and the Enlightenment medicalization of society with its professionalization of health care on the other. It maps the structure of medical care within one aristocratic family and their estates and its transformation over a fifty‐year period. It also attempts to discover who the Schwarzenbergs’ doctors were and what socio‐cultural background they came from., Václav Grubhoffer., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

39. "Jednou to padne samo": k historii etnického soupeření o "nejmenší jazykový ostrov" meziválečného Československa

Creator:
Lozoviuk, Petr and Křížová, Markéta
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The present study aims at sketching some aspects of the last phase of existence of one mixed Czech-German community (Karlov-Libinsdorf), on the basis of ethnographic and historical sources. It offers a reflection of a more general process from the point of view of a local microlevel, a process that finally resulted in the ethnic homogneization of the Czech lands. The analysis of the controversy fo r national character of the community is being realized, on the one hand, through the study of the competition for the character of national schools in the locality, and, on the other hand, through the symbolical importance that the contesting parties ascribed to the existence of this mixed enclave. As a result of the general ethnic homogneization, the inhabitants of the naturally double-language community were confronted with the necessity of the unequivical declaration of their ethnicity. The nacionalization of the collective identity of the local inhabitants and the necessity of the „actualization“ of this identity according to the political situation of the moment was being imposed through the general social context and through the movement of „ethnic defense“ that was being incited from the outside, by the representants of the „defense associations“ The possible alternatives, however, were in competition one to another and, at the same time, they were inconsistent with the „traditional“ local (i.e. non-ethnic) identity. This dilemma hadbeen „imported“ from the outside, from the makrosocial level, but had to be solved on the level of local everyday life. In the situation of real existence of two different (ethnic) linguistic groups in the community under study, however, didn't exist the need to express the social reality through explicitly ethnical cathegories. If this expression was realized, it was in the direction to the outside, especially as a reaction to the demands from part of the State administration to define unequivocally the ethnic denomination - for example, for the use of the population censuses at the times of the Austria-Hungary and the Czechoslovak Republic or during the Protectorate when asking for the citizenship of the Protectorate or of the Reich - or in connexion with the regular interventions of the nationally outspoken activists. Similarly, also the institutionalized form of the „national struggle“ that seemingly found its possibility for expression in creating theparallel social structures in the community acquired such imposed character. There are many arguments for the assumption that the rivalry of the nationalist associations didn’t stem from the authentic local conditions. The local inhabitants could not be labeled as the ori and ginators of the conflicts with nationalist bacground, even though they have been sometimes perceived as the actors of such conflicts. We can sum up that the nationalization of the social ties didn’t occur spontaneously and represents rather a product of the interventions to the life of the community and a response to the ethnic enunciation imposed from the outside
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

41. „Karantánsko-köttlašský“ šperk na jihozápadním Slovensku a v dalších částech Karpatské kotliny

Creator:
Šimon Ungerman
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
šperky, archeologie, středověk, jewellery, archaeology, middle ages, Karpatská kotlina, Carpathian Basin, Köttlach culture, Eastern Alps region, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
‘Carantanian / Köttlach’ jewellery from southwest Slovakia and from the other parts of the Carpathian Basin. In the Slovak and Hungarian archaeological literature, a small group of early medieval jewellery from southwest Slovakia was labelled as being of ‘Carantanian / Köttlach’ provenance, meaning that it originated from Eastern Alps region (today’s Austria and Slovenia). The goal of the article is a revision of the issue of provenance in the context of analogous finds from Moravia and the Carpathian Basin (i.e. today’s Hungary, western Romania and northeastern Croatia). The provenenace from the Eastern Alps region can be confirmed in the case of several Slovak finds only, the others are of local origin. Also, from the point of view of chronology, we are dealing with a relatively heterogenous group of jewellery, with a date-range from the turn of the 8th-9th centuries to the 11th century. The author tries to demonstrate that the argument in the middle of the 20th century and later about the ‘influences from the Eastern Alps region’ was dependent on the state of archaeological research at that time. It was a viewpoint that over-emphasised the importance of early medieval ‘Köttlach culture’ in Eastern Alps region, especially for the spreading of some jewellery types to other regions of middle and southeastern Europe., Šimon Ungerman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

42. „Kde my se máme podít, když nemáme naši zem?“: Migrace Cikánů v raném novověku a jejich reflexe v očích okolí

Creator:
Dibelka, Jaroslav
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The issue of migration among the rural population living on the lands of the Czech Crown in the early modern age continues to attract only marginal attention in Czech historiography. Therefore, those people who lived on the very edge of that society remain outside the scope of research interest. The Romany Gypsies who were bom without homes, lie also outside the traditional focus of attention. In the early modern age, anyone could kill a Romany Gypsy without punishment; people were meant to despise them and were even supposed to persecute them. The Romany Gypsies were therefore forced to develop a specific strategy of action, which was intended to help them survive, and a significant role in this strategy was played by migration. A condition for survival was not only the need to maintain a strong internal structure within the Romany Gypsy group, but also the need to create ties with a settled society. These ties ensured, in the case of a threat, at least some form of a rudimentary protective social network. Such ties were probably passed down from generation to generation and the Romany Gypsies therefore, as much as was possible, restricted their movements to only well-known areas. On their travels through the landscape they tried to obtain food not only through begging and theft, but also by telling fortunes and reading palms, skilfully taking advantage of the fact that in the eyes of the settled population their lives were cloaked in mystery. However, they never forgot to emphasise their ties to the land in which they were bom and the impossibility of leaving it for another land. A question remains for further research as to whether they were persecuted for their ethnic origin or whether it was because of their nomadic lifestyle, which enabled them to evade the mechanisms of social control.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

43. "Kdo řídí - kontroluje!": podnikový management a úskalí "socialistické kontroly" v československých podnicích v osmdesátých letech 20. století

Creator:
Tomáš Vilímek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hospodářské dějiny, podnikový management, kontrolní orgány, economic history, industrial management, supervisory bodies, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie se věnuje problematice podnikového managementu a úskalím „socialistické kontroly“ v československých podnicích v období pozdního socialismu. S využitím pramenů Komunistické strany Československa a Státní bezpečnosti, dobových textů a odborných publikací ukazuje, jak se stranické a státní orgány neúspěšně snažily učinit z kontroly funkční nástroj realizace hospodářské politiky státostrany. Autor analyzuje používané kontrolní mechanismy a nastiňuje základní příčiny až fatálního selhání kontrolní činnosti systému, jenž byl svým způsobem kontrolou doslova posedlý. Vysvětluje systémovou podmíněnost kontroly, kterou socialističtí manažeři dokázali v mnoha ohledech přizpůsobit potřebám svěřených hospodářských jednotek, což přirozeně nekorespondovalo s celospolečenskými zájmy. Na příkladech řady konkrétních kauz studie názorně ukazuje, že si československý podnikový management v osmdesátých letech dvacátého století plně uvědomoval systémové, politické i společenské limity kontrolní činnosti, kterou vcelku úspěšně dokázal přizpůsobit vnitropodnikovým podmínkám. Výsledkem byl stav, kdy stranické vedení reagovalo na stále očividnější symptomy „agonie centrálně plánované ekonomiky“ přijímáním rozmanitých směrnic a direktiv pro zefektivnění kontroly a důsledné prosazování zásady „kdo řídí - kontroluje“. Očekávaný efekt ovšem nenastal a nefunkčnost kontroly přispěla nakonec nemalou měrou ke zhroucení komunistického režimu v Československu., The study deals with issues of corporate management and pitfalls of the "socialist supervision" in Czechoslovak enterprises in the period of late socialism. Using documents of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the State Security, period texts and specalized publications, it shows how party organs and state authorities were unsuccessfully trying to make supervisory mechanisms and audits a functional tool of the implementation of the ruling party´s economic policy. The author analyzes the supervisory and audit mechanisms that were used, and outlines basic reasons of the almost fatal failure of supervisory activities of the system which was, in a way obsessed with supervison and control. He explains the systemic conditionality of the supervisory system which socialist managers often and in many respects bent to suit the needs of the enterprises they were in charge of; such situation naturally did not match the needs of the society as a whole. Using many specific cases as an example, the study graphically shows that members of the Czechoslovak corporate management community in the 1980s were fully aware of systemic political and social limitations of the supervisory system which they managed to modify, fairly successfully, to suit intra-corporate conditions. The result was a situation in which the party leadership was reacting to increasingly obvious symptoms of the "agony of the centrally planned economy" by adopting various directives and guidelines to make the supervisory process more effective and to consistently promote the "whoever manages - supervises" principle. However, the anticipated effect did not materialize and, at the end of the day, the non-functional supervisory mechanisms made a substantial contribution to the collapse of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia., Tomáš Vilímek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

45. „Krvemlýnek“ ve střevě klíštěte

Creator:
Daniel Sojka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, klíšťata, enzymy, molekulární biologie, hematofágní hmyz, krev, ticks, enzymes, molecular biology, bloodsucking insects, blood, molekulární modely, klíště obecné, Ixodes ricinus, Common Tick, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Klíšťata sají obrovské množství krve, která je jejich jediným zdrojem živin a energie. Přesný enzymatický mechanismus zpracování krve ve střevě klíšťat však kupodivu nebyl donedávna vůbec znám. Náš komplexní molekulární model trávení hostitelského hemoglobinu u klíštěte obecného (Ixodes ricinus) poprvé odhalil analogii enzymatického aparátu s krevsajícími ploštěnci a hlísticemi, a zároveň tato znalost představuje zásadní poznatek pro účinný boj s klíšťaty a jimi přenášenými patogeny., Ticks (in this case Ixodidae and Argasidae) feed on enormous amounts of host blood, which provides their ultimate source of energy and nutrients. There has been only limited evidence on the exact molecular mechanisms of blood digestion in ticks. For the first time, our complex enzymatic model of proteolytic digestion in the Common Tick (Ixodes ricinus) reveals the analogy of tick intestinal proteolysis with bloodfeeding platyhelminthes and nematodes and presents a future application potential in tick or tick-borne pathogen interventions., and Daniel Sojka.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

49. „Liver first approach“ u synchronních metastáz kolorektálního karcinomu: Předběžné výsledky nerandomizované studie

Creator:
Pudil, Jiří, Batko, Stanislav, Menclová, Kateřina, Blaha, Milan, and Ryska, Miroslav
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
nádory jater--chirurgie--sekundární, kolorektální nádory--komplikace, metastázy nádorů--terapie, výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče), chemoterapie adjuvantní, statistika jako téma, dospělí, staří, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and lidé středního věku
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Úvod: U 60 % nemocných s kolorektálním karcinomem jsou diagnostikovány jaterní metastázy (JMKRK), ať už v době stanovení diagnózy, nebo v průběhu léčby. Chirurgická léčba je jedinou potenciálně kurabilní metodou s pětiletým přežíváním dosahujícím cca 50 %. Jaterní resekci však podstoupí méně než 20 % pacientů s JMKRK. Společnou snahou onkologů a chirurgů je navýšit počet resekovaných pacientů. Jedním z postupů, jak navýšit resekabilitu JMKRK, je „liver first approach“ (LFA). Autoři prezentují vlastní předběžné výsledky této metody. Metody: Do multicentrického grantu IGA MZ NT 13660 – Hodnocení kvality multimodální péče u nemocných s jaterními metastázami kolorektálního karcinomu – bylo od září 2012 do ledna 2015 zařazeno v ÚVN 102 pacientů. LFA jsme použili u 12 pacientů (12 %). Po příznivé léčebné odpovědi neoadjuvantní systémové léčby jsme pacienty indikovali k resekci jater. U 11 pacientů se jednalo o mnohočetné (>4 meta) bilobární postižení. V jednom případě se jednalo o objemnou solitární metastázu pravého jaterního laloku. Primární tumor byl u 9 nemocných v rektu, u 3 v oblasti rektosigmatu, 3 pacienti měli derivační kolostomii, ostatní byli bez poruchy pasáže. Výsledky: U 11 pacientů jsme provedli R0 resekci jaterních metastáz, 3x jsme indikovali dvoufázovou hepatektomii s portální embolizací (PVE), 1x jsme pro progresi po PVE ustoupili od 2. fáze). Velkou resekci jsme provedli 7x, neanatomickou resekci včetně RFA 11x (6x v kombinaci s velkou resekcí). Perioperační mortalita byla nulová, morbidita 33 % (Dindo-Clavien >2). 10 pacientů absolvovalo adjuvantní chemoterapii, 7 z nich včetně radioterapie malé pánve pro lokálně pokročilý tumor rekta. U 7 pacientů (58 %) jsme doplnili resekci primárního tumoru. V současné době zemřeli na progresi onemocnění 2 pacienti (17 %), progresi onemocnění jsme zaznamenali u 6 pacientů (50 %). Závěr: LFA považujeme za vhodný především u pacientů s generalizovaným tumorem rekta, kdy lze po resekci jater adjuvantní systémovou léčbu kombinovat s radioterapií malé pánve. Otázkou zůstává načasování operace primárního tumoru, kdy je nutné vyloučit recidivu jaterních metastáz, která se objevuje u více než 50 % pacientů. Profit LFA musí být prokázán randomizovanými studiemi., Introduction: Liver metastases are diagnosed in 60% of patients with colorectal cancer, both at the time of diagnosis or later in the course of their management. Surgical treatment is the sole potentially curable method with 5–year overall survival of approximately 50%. However, only less than 20% of patients underwent liver resection. A joint effort of medical oncologists and surgeons is to increase the numbers of resected patients. The “liver first approach” (LFA) is one of approaches aimed at increasing resecability. The authors present their preliminary results using this method. Methods: 102 patients were included in the multicentre study supported by the grant IGA NT 13660 − Evaluation of quality of multimodal treatment for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases – conducted at the Central Military Hospital between September 2012 and January 2015. We used LFA in 12 patients (12%). Patients were indicated for liver resection based on good response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Multiple bilobar liver involvement (>4 metastases) was present in 11 cases and one large solitary metastasis in the right liver lobe in one case. The primary tumor was located in the rectum in 9 patients, in the rectosigmoid in 3 patients; 3 patients had a colostomy. Others showed no signs of bowel obstruction. Results: We have performed R0 resections in 11 cases, and two-stage hepatectomy with portal vein embolisation was indicated 3 times (in one case we did not finish the second stage due to quick progression after PVE). We performed major resections 7 times, along with sever extraanatomic resections, incl. 11 RFA (6 times in combination with major resections). Perioperative mortality was 0%, morbidity 33% (Dindo-Clavien >2). Ten patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, in 7 cases including radiotherapy of the small pelvis due to a local advanced primary tumor. Resection of the primary tumor was done in 7 patients (58%). Two patients died recently because of disease progression (17%); progression was observed in 6 patients (50%). Conclusion: We deem the LFA suitable especially for patients with metastatic rectal tumors where adjuvant systemic therapy can be combined with radiotherapy. The timing of the resection of the primary tumor still remains a question: it is necessary to rule out potential recurrence of liver metastases, which affected more than 50% of the patients. The benefit of LFA must be confimed by randomised studies., and J. Pudil, S. Batko, K. Menclová, M. Bláha, M. Ryska
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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