In addition to providing subsistence and consumable resources, one of the most important features of water is the ability to provide transport and communication between geographically separated areas. In both uses, vehicles play a key role. While current research into boats and ships on the seas is relatively well recognised, recent results in the area of inland waterways seem to be barely taken into account in current investigations. Too foten scientist have to rely on an otdate state of research, but in fact several findings have laterl been re-edited and presented. This article provides an updated look at the subject of inland navigation in the Early and Hig Middle Ages and focuses especially on current pbuliactions or those that are difficult to obtain. Further, an overview on the state of research in neighbouring countries is offered, thereby presenting a fuller view of the subject´s potentional., Lars Kröger., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
At present, the catalogue of early mediaval bridges in the nort-western part of territory with Slavic settlement contains 81 localities: 47 in Germany and 34 in Poland. In some of them more than one bridge (2 to 3 structure) was documented, bringing the total number of bridges to 101. Construction dates, different prhases in the lives of the bridges and dates ranges for when they were reapired were obtained based on dendrochronology and spartial-chronological analysis. The present anaylsis deals with 48 bridges from 37 localities in north-west Slavic territory: 22 in Germany and 16 in Poland. In 16 cases more or less probable reconstructions have been made and four basic types of bridges ascertained., Gerard Wilke., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Twentieth-century photosynthesis research had strong roots in Germany, with the cell physiologist Otto H. Warburg being among its most influential figures. He was also one of the few scientists of Jewish ancestry who kept his post as a director of a research institution throughout the Nazi period. Based on archival sources, the paper investigates Warburg’s fate during these years at selected episodes. He neither collaborated with the regime nor actively resisted; he was harrassed by bureaucracy and denunciated to the secret police, but saved by powerful figures in economy, politics, and science. Warburg reciprocated this favour with problematic testimonies of political integrity after 1945. Warburg’s case, thus, defies wellestablished notions of how scientists in Germany lived and worked during the Nazi regime, and, therefore, helps provide a more nuanced perspective on this theme., K. Nickelsen., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy