Studie Davida Kozla je věnována formě hudební koláže ve vztahu k princpipu mytologického myšlení, stejně jako jejího použití v postmoderní hudební tvorbě., The term neo-mythologism can be used as an interpretative approach to reflect the new 20th-century music paradigm, which helps to explain changes in the understanding of basic structural elements of myth and music. The study identifies certain possible correlations between mythological thinking and music by analysing the concept of collage (bricolage). The underlying theoretical concept employed is Claude Lévi-Strauss’ structural anthropology as proposed in La Pensée Sauvage (1962). Collage is viewed as a manifestation of neo-mythologism and as a narrative in the postmodern musical discourse, which is accompanied by changes in the understanding of the essence of the musical matter and compositional techniques of composers. The compositional treatment of several different layers of the musical structure within a musical collage with a view to conveying a new meaning is in principle akin to how meaning is generated in mythological thinking through the combination of various materials., David Kozel., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 192, anglický abstrakt na s. 181.
Příspěvek Ondřeje Maňoura je ohlédnutím za mezinárodní konferencí k výročí 100 let od založení ČSR, která se uskutečnila v Praze ve dnech 30. až 31. května 2018., Ondřej Maňour., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
Studie Martina Voříška je věnována hudebnímu životu na zámku v Českém Krumlově v roce 1780. Autor jej sleduje prostřednictvím neobvyklé události. 12. srpna 1780 totiž byla vykradena knížecí pokladna, z níž se ztratilo více než 950 zlatých. V té době ji měl na starosti kancelista a dvorní hudební ředitel Antonín Jan Jüngling. Aby se zbavil z podezření, že byl pachatelem tohoto činu, vytvořil detailní soupis své denní činnosti, díky níž tak zcela mimoděk vznikl unikátní dokument reflektující činnost schwarzenberské kapely v té době. Výňatky z tohoto dokumentu, jež se týkají hudby, jsou citovány v příloze., The article is based on a lengthy report by Anton Johann Jüngling on his own activities on 12 August 1780; Jüngling was at the time the Schwarzenbergs’ music director and also a highly placed official. This unique historical source affords a very detailed look at Jüngling’s daily life as a person and a professional, and in combination with other sources, it also enables the creating of a quite detailed picture of the musical events at the Schwarzenberg court over a period of just under two weeks, when the Schwarzenbergs were staying in Český Krumlov with their guests. The musical activities included theatrical performances, a ball, a private concert with repertoire consisting of orchestral arrangements of music from singspiels currently being performed (Die schöne Schusterin and Die abgeredte Zauberey), and accompaniment for worship services. The study documents that the musicians at the princely court were able to secure the music for most of these occasions, and that they were supplemented or substituted for as needed by hired musicians from the town or the military., Martin Voříšek., Rubrika: Studie, and Anglické resumé na s. 141-142, anglický abstrakt na s. 117.
Measuring the speed of sound propagation in metals is easy and fast, and is not only for the laboratory. With the use of a smartphone, ruler, rosin, and vice we can measure speeds for steel, brass, aluminium, and plastic. Values differ by a few percent from the tabulated values. Following determination of the density of the material, it is also possible to determine the Young's modulus of elasticity. This method presents an opportunity for students to take physics into their own hands.
Příspěvek Jany Frankové je ohlédnutím za mezinárodní mezioborovou konferencí, která se uskutečnila v Paříži ve dnech 30. listopadu až 2. prosince 2017., Jana Franková., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
Studie Marcuse Zagorskiho je věnována dílu hudebního skladatele Karlheinze Stockhausena. Autor se však na něj zaměřuje z netradičního pohledu, protože zkoumá problematiku a způsob poslechu Stockhausenovy hudby., Karlheinz Stockhausen’s theory of listening reflected essential tenets of his creative practice and aesthetic inclinations. He outlined an admirably tolerant and accepting approach to listening and encouraged different listeners to generate different formal models to describe the same music. His method of listening thereby challenged the perceptual reconstruction of known, pre-existing forms that was so important to listening in the preceding 150 years, and this complemented his compositional challenge to another established aesthetic category – that of the closed musical work. By revealing this aesthetic background, this article shows the significance of Stockhausen’s thinking about listening., Marcus Zagorski., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 201, anglický abstrakt na s. 193.
Příspěvek Jana Kouby představuje autorovo zastavení nad jeho knihou "Slovník statočeských hymnografů". Věnuje se zde otázce pojmů hymnografie a hymnologie, německým hymnografům a dalším tématům., The article summarises all of the problems with the existing editions of Leoš Janáček’s organ compositions. The indisputable originality of the composer’s musical language, highlighted by his peculiar, inimitable notation and the nearly illegible handwriting that resulted when his hand could not keep up with his thoughts, did not always lead to comprehension of the composer’s intentions. These circumstances also emboldened the efforts of publishers to make the notation of his compositions more intelligible and often to “improve” his works in the best sense of the word. It is the author’s assertion that in spite of the existence of a Complete Critical Edition of the Works of Leoš Janáček and of many other printed editions, we shall still have to wait for an edition of Janáček’s organ works that will correct all of the errors in the musical text and will approach a return to the composer’s notation., Jan Kouba., Rubrika: Informatorium, and Anglický abstrakt na s. 223.
The article focuses on the concerns of Czech expectant parents and their subsequent life difficulties. A qualitative longitudinal methodology was used to study parental experiences for a period of around four years. Three waves of semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen dual-earner parental couples who had their first child in 2011 or 2012. An analysis of 93 interviews revealed that the fears of the parents-to-be principally concerned childcare, paid work, free time, the relationships, and health. Actual experience of difficulties in these areas was often mentioned by different respondents from those who had expected to have them. The theory of intensive motherhood was employed to underscore the heavy demands and responsibilities placed on contemporary parents and the difficulties that accompany the use of a child-centred approach. The heavy demands on childcare felt by mothers who adhered to the intensive mothering model were cited as causing difficulties in the everyday lives of parental couples; the fathers mainly complained of a lack of rest and quality time with their partners.
Studie Markéty Kratochvílové je věnována osobnosti hudebního skladatele a dirigenta Otakara Ostrčila, avšak zaměřuje se na jeho ediční činnost. Autorka se zde věnuje Ostrčilově participaci na kritickém vydávání děl Bedřicha Smetany, kterýžto projekt realizoval Zdeněk Nejedlý ve 20. a 30. letech 20. století. Prodanou nevěstou se Ostrčil zabýval od roku 1924 až do své smrti v roce 1935 a edicí se zabýval nejen jako standardní editor, ovšem velmi podrobně se vyjadřoval i k podobě hudební sazby a dalším parametrům edice., The present study familiarises the reader with the activity of the composer and conductor Otakar Ostrčil as a music editor and in particular his work on the critical edition of Bedřich Smetana’s opera Prodaná nevěsta (The Bartered Bride), which was realised as part of the first attempt at publishing a complete works edition of Smetana’s music between 1924 and 1936 under the leadership of Zdeněk Nejedlý. The study is based on correspondence exchanged between Ostrčil and Nejedlý and is placed in the context of efforts to publish Smetana’s works during the first decades of the twentieth century as well as the context of Ostrčil’s life and works., Markéta Kratochvílová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 179-180, anglický abstrakt na s. 169.
The aim of the article is to quantify how often in leading Czech social-science journals (Československá psychologie / Czechoslovak Psychology, Pedagogika/Pedagogy, and Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review) authors choose the wrong procedures to analyse quantitative data. In particular, attention is focused on the incorrect choice of statistical tests, their misinterpretation and mechanical application, and the use of effect sizes, that are so highly recommended nowadays. The basic research period was ten years, from 2005 to 2014, and for the Czech Sociological Review the period was extended back to 1995. The results of the content analysis of published articles (N=363) show that statistical tests are applied quite often to data that are not suitable for statistical tests: this is found in about one-fifth of cases in Czech Sociological Review, one-half in Pedagogy, and more than three-quarters in Czechoslovak Psychology. In addition, authors often make mechanical use of statistical methods or make incorrect interpretations (in over 40% of articles in the Czech Sociological Review over the last 10 years) and there are rarely any substantive interpretations of results (especially in Czechoslovak Psychology). Effect sizes are applied relatively often, but there are also gaps in their usage. It is clear from the results that changes are necessary both in the teaching of quantitative methodology and publishing practices in this subject area.
Research on precarious work and the working conditions of lowwage workers often stresses the role of the labour market or state institutions in either creating or exacerbating already precarious working conditions. However, it often ignores their organisational aspects. At the same time, in organisation studies there is a large body of literature that focuses on internal organisational structures but disregards working conditions. This article is based on a case study of supermarket cashiers and deals with the flexibilisation of their work. Firms use two forms of flexibility as a cost-cutting strategy: numerical and functional flexibility. Numerical flexibility divides workers into different groups according to their work contract. This enables firms to employ as much labour as they need at a particular point in time. In effect firms reduce the number of employees while intensifying the work of the employees they retain. In the case of functional flexibility the duties and responsibilities attached to a job are redefined. In this respect, I show that the duties of the cashiers in my case study are increased beyond the scope of tasks traditionally attached to this occupation and head towards the model of a universal worker. This shift leads to a decline in qualifications that, combined with technological changes, results in the degradation of work. As a result, flexibilisation processes deepen existing asymmetries in employer-employee relationships and thereby enable firms to transfer a significant amount of market risk onto the shoulders of workers. Moreover, the negotiating position of workers remains weak and their wages low.
Příspěvek Jana Hory je věnován edičním zpracováním varhanních kompozic od hudebního skladatele Leoše Janáčka. Autor, jenž je sám výtečným varhaníkem, zde hodnotí jejich úroveň i nedostatky., The article summarises all of the problems with the existing editions of Leoš Janáček’s organ compositions. The indisputable originality of the composer’s musical language, highlighted by his peculiar, inimitable notation and the nearly illegible handwriting that resulted when his hand could not keep up with his thoughts, did not always lead to comprehension of the composer’s intentions. These circumstances also emboldened the efforts of publishers to make the notation of his compositions more intelligible and often to “improve” his works in the best sense of the word. It is the author’s assertion that in spite of the existence of a Complete Critical Edition of the Works of Leoš Janáček and of many other printed editions, we shall still have to wait for an edition of Janáček’s organ works that will correct all of the errors in the musical text and will approach a return to the composer’s notation., Jan Hora., Rubrika: Informatorium, and Anglický abstrakt na s. 213.
This article focuses on the relationship between young adults’ cognitive abilities and individual partner preferences. We worked with the Preference NSZ 2017 data set, which contains data on partner preferences and the results of the National Comparative Secondary-School Exams of Czech high school graduates, and our analyses, using logistic regression, confirmed a tendency towards homophily on the level of cognitive abilities and university education. Young people with above-average results place more importance on agreement in political opinions, but do not regard the partner’s homemaking abilities or financial situation as too important. The results further show that partner preferences differ according to the education capital of the background family and according to preferred partnership arrangement. We also find significant differences in the partner preferences of men and women that reflect ideas about traditional gender roles. Women favour characteristics that relate to status, and men assign more importance to physical looks.
This article examines the issue of siblinghood in older age. The author starts by referring to sociological studies criticising the a-theoricity of empirical research in this field. She proceeds to analyse the most influential theoretical approaches used to study relationships between parents and their adult children (i.e. the theory of intergenerational solidarity and the theory/ concept of intergenerational ambivalence) and to critically assess their potential to serve as a guideline for empirical research on siblinghood and provide a framework for interpreting research findings on intragenerational/sibling relationships. The article devotes more space to the concept of ambivalence, which, the author argues, is a more appropriate approach for exploring relationships between older siblings. It also presents a basic overview of the state of empirical knowledge on adult siblinghood.
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a survey method used to create samples of populations that are hidden and hard to reach. Even though the method has been used since the 1990s in studies internationally, it has not yet been used in Czech research. The RDS methodology tends to be described presented as a statistical tool that makes it possible to produce unbiased estimates of hidden or hard-to-reach populations, and at the same as a tool with which to effectively recruit respondents from the given populations. The goal of the article is to introduce RDS methodology and its uses and to present and assess its application in a homeless survey conducted in two Czech cities – Prague (N=322) and Pilsen (N=146). We show that as long as certain preconditions are met the method proves to be fact and effective, especially with respect to the speed at which it is possible to sample the homeless population. We compare the outcome of the RDS survey with that of a survey of the homeless population in Prague (2010) and assess whether and how the outcomes of the two samples differ in certain population characteristics. Finally, we offer practical suggestions and observations on using the RDS method for sampling homeless populations.
This article describes cooperation between the research centre and the faculty of education for courses for physics teachers. The possibility of implementation of results from research and development of hydrogen technologies for educational purposes is discussed. A short summary of the cooperation is provided and student activities, focused on polymer membrane investigation and subsequent interpretation of results, are described.
The study focuses on privacy in online social networks. It presents an empirical analysis of youtubers, a group that has not yet been studied in the Czech social sciences. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis and in-depth interviews, we show that there is a typical ‘career’ trajectory that youtubers proceed along, whose structure is determined by experiences of breach of privacy and by mechanisms of reparation. These mechanisms and practices must be employed in order to resolve a fundamental tension between the demand for self-disclosure, arising out of confessional culture and the ideology of authenticity, and the parallel demand for retaining privacy. Breach of privacy is conceptualised as a violation of the equilibrium of its three constitutive elements: content, border, and context. Such situations are experienced as threats to the identity of the youtubers, who seek to avoid these threats by means of reparation practices, changes in how they perform privacy, and the use of what we call tools of controlled (in)accessibility. Unlike normative critiques that lament the loss of privacy on social networks, this article concludes that youtubers are highly competent guardians of their own performed privacy.
Studie Ludmily Šmídové je věnována Klavírnímu triu B dur, op. 21 (B 51), od hudebního skladatele Antonína Dvořáka. Skladba vznikla na jaře 1875, ovšem později byla revidována. Autorka se na základě pramenů zaměřuje právě na tyto skaldatelské úpravy a zkoumá původní podobu tohoto tria., The present study deals with a heretofore unresearched early version of Dvořák’s Trio in B Flat Major, Op. 21. It is based on both the investigation of new sources and the study of correspondence and the period press. It focuses on the circumstances of the work’s composition and its reception in its early version. It introduces sources of the early version, which have previously escaped the attention of scholars, and it compares the early version to the work’s definitive form, as it is known from the first printed edition of 1880., Ludmila Šmídová., Rubrika: Studie, and Anglické resumé na s. 167, anglický abstrakt na s. 143.
Childcare leave schemes are one of the key measures that affect the ability of women and men to balance their work and family lives. Both the length of the parental leave period and the amount of the benefit have the potential to shape the timing of a subsequent birth. Important changes have been introduced into the Czech parental benefit scheme over the last 10 years in terms of both the scheme’s flexibility and the monthly amount of the benefit, which has provided a unique opportunity for studying the links between the institutional conditions of parenthood and the behaviour of real stakeholders. Using data on births from the Czech Statistical Office and the parity-cohort analytical approach, we investigate changes in the spacing of second and third births among women who had their first or second child between 1986 and 2013. The results revealed an increase in the second- and third-birth rate during the second and third year following a delivery, together with a decrease in the second- and third-birth rate during the fourth year and later among mothers exposed to changes in the parental benefit scheme. These changes in reproductive behaviour noticeably coincided with the incentives that have been provided since 2008 by the increased flexibility of the parental leave scheme and the author argues that the option to increase the monthly amount of the parental benefit together with the flexibility of its use has contributed to the closer spacing of births, most notably among more educated women.