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51. Principy Expertní rady evropských akademií (EASAC). Zásady dialogu akademické obce s politickou reprezentací

Creator:
Zika, Robert
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, akademie věd, reprezentace (politika), dialog, academies of science, representation (politics), dialogue, Evropa, Europe, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
překlad Robert Zika. and Příloha AB 9/2014
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

52. Rates of molecular evolution and genetic diversity in European vs. North American populations of invasive insect species

Creator:
Young, Robert G., Mitterboeck, T. Fatima, Loeza-Quintana, Tzitziki , and Adamowicz, Sarah J.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Non-native, invasive, molecular evolutionary rates, comparative method, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI, DNA barcoding, population genetics, North America, Europe, and insects
Language:
English
Description:
Many factors contribute to the 'invasive potential' of species or populations. It has been suggested that the rate of genetic evolution of a species and the amount of genetic diversity upon which selection can act may play a role in invasiveness. In this study, we examine whether invasive species have a higher relative pace of molecular evolution as compared with closely related non-invasive species, as well as examine the genetic diversity between invasive and closely related species. To do this, we used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of 35 species with a European native range that are invasive in North America. Unique to molecular rate studies, we permuted across sequences when comparing each invasive species with its sister clade species, incorporating a range of recorded genetic variation within species using 405,765 total combinations of invasive, sister, and outgroup sequences. We observed no significant trend in relative molecular rates between invasive and non-invasive sister clade species, nor in intraspecific genetic diversity, suggesting that differences in invasive status between closely related lineages are not strongly determined by the relative overall pace of genetic evolution or molecular genetic diversity. We support previous observations of more often higher genetic diversity in native than invaded ranges using available data for this genetic region.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

53. Redescription and systematic position of Soricinia tripartita Żarnowski, 1955 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea), a cestode species parasitic in shrews of the genus Sorex, including erection of Gulyaevilepis gen. n.

Creator:
Kornienko, Svetlana A. and Binkienė, Rasa
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
morphology, taxonomy, Hymenolepididae, tapeworms, new genus, neotype, insectivores, and Europe
Language:
English
Description:
Soricinia tripartita Żarnowski, 1955 is redescribed on the basis of specimens from the type host Sorex araneus Linnaeus from Lithuania, Latvia and Russia (Republic of Karelia and Republic of Komi - a new geographical record) as well as from Sorex satunini Ognev and Sorex volnuchini Ognev from Russia (Nalchik Area in the Caucasus Mountains). The strobilar morphology of S. tripartita is compared with that of other hymenolepidid cestodes of shrews with an unarmed scolex and serial development of proglottides in the strobila, i.e. species of Mathevolepis Spassky, 1948, Ditestolepis Soltys, 1952, Spasskylepis Schaldybin, 1964, Ecrinolepis Spassky et Karpenko, 1983 and Diorchilepis Lykova, Gulyaev, Melnikova et Karpenko, 2006. It was noted that S. tripartita does not correspond to any of the known genera. The following unique characters are found for S. tripartita: heteronomous serial strobilation with one or two sterile proglottides at the end of each series in the strobila and the whole copulatory part of the vagina covered with numerous, fine spines. Therefore, the new genus Gulyaevilepis is erected, with Gulyaevilepis tripartita (Żarnowski, 1955) comb. n. as its type and only species. Since the type material of Soricinia tripartita is not known to exist, a neotype from the same host species and from a locality close to the type locality is designated.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

55. Seminář Inexpensive European bindings with limp covers of paper and parchment from the 1470s to the 1830s (Lyon, 24.-27. 6. 2013)

Creator:
Vojtěch Šícha
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, zprávy, reports, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Historická věda. Pomocné vědy historické. Archivnictví, 15.-19. století, knihověda, dějiny knihy, knižní vazby, bibliology, history of book, bookbindings, Evropa, Europe, 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
Vojtěch Šícha.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

56. Směry a metody v evropském bádání o lidovém stavitelství

Creator:
Frolec, Václav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ethnographic research, folk architecture, research methods, field research, cultural-geographical approach, and Europe
Language:
Czech
Description:
Die Anfänge der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der volkstümlichen Baukunst fallen in den Zeitraum der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Damals entstehen und entfalten sich in der Volkskunde verschiedene theoretische Richtungen, von denen einige die ethnographische Forschung im weltweiten Massstab beeinflussten, während sich andere mit ihrem Einfluss nur auf einige Länder beschränkten. Wenn wir "Richtung“ als allgemeine Orientierung der Forschung auffassen, die sich in dem vom Forscher gestellten Ziel äussert, können wir in der europäischen Erforschung der volkstümlichen Baukunst einige grundlegende Gruppen ausklammern, die - mit allgemeinen Massstäben gesehen - im westlichen Teil Europas markanter als in seiner östlichen Hälfte zur Geltung gelangten. 1. Philologisch-historische Richtung: Die Forscher dieser Gruppe verwerten zur Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung des Bauwesens archäologische Belege, schriftliche Quellen, Abbildungen, rezente Belege und philologisches Material (Terminologie). Sie betrachten die Erforschung der volkstümlichen Baukunst als Bestandteil der Kulturgeschichte. Wichtige Arbeitsmethode, die von zahlreichen Autoren bei ihren Forschungen angewendet wird, ist die Methode "Wörter und Sachen“. Die Forscher dieser Gruppe waren grösstenteils Verfechter der sog. ethnischen Theorie. 2. Kulturgeschichtliche Richtung: In der europäischen Volkskunde hinterliess die kulturgeschichtliche Schule Spuren insbesondere in der sog. Kulturraumforschung. Die Forscher der kulturgeschichtlichen Richtung nehmen vor allem ihren Ausgang vom Terrainstudium der Bauerscheinungen in kleineren geographischen Komplexen. and Článek zahrnuje rozsáhlý poznámkový aparát
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

59. Taxonomy of European Eristalinus (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on larval morphology and molecular data

Creator:
Pérez-Banón, Celeste, Rojo, Santos, Stahls, Gunilla, and Marcos-García, Angeles
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Syrphidae, Eristalinus, immature stages, morphology, life history, molecular data, and Europe
Language:
English
Description:
The taxonomy of European Eristalinus syrphid flies is reviewed. New data on their life histories, biological notes and a key to species using pupal characters are provided. The larvae and puparia of Eristalinus taeniops (Wiedemann, 1818) and Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794) are described for the first time, including new morphological characters of the thoracic respiratory process of all species. The morphology of the male genitalia of E. megacephalus is described and compared with that of E. taeniops. The results of our morphological studies of the male genitalia and molecular data (mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rDNA) do not support the traditional adult classification based on the patterning on the eyes (fasciate vs punctate). We present a phylogeny of the species based on molecular data. The molecular and morphological data indicate that the relationship between some species with punctate eyes and those with fasciate eyes may be closer than with other species with punctate eyes. Moreover the results of the molecular studies support two clades, which does not accord with the traditional arrangement of this group of Syrphidae. Accordingly we propose that the characters of male genitalia stated by Kanervo in 1938 (but subsequently largely ignored) for arranging the European species of the Eristalinus-Eristalodes-Lathyrophthalmus complex, are suitable for classifying these species.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

60. The classification of insect communities: Lessons from orthopteran assemblages of semi-dry calcareous grasslands in central Germany

Creator:
Poniatowski, Dominik and Fartmann, Thomas
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Orthoptera, community completeness, community ecology, Europe, grasshopper, habitat requirements, and habitat structure
Language:
English
Description:
Whereas the classification of plant communities has a long tradition that of animal assemblages remains poorly developed. Here we propose a classification scheme for orthopteran communities based on regional "character species", "differential species" and "attendant species" at different levels of habitat complexity, which is also applicable to other insect groups. In this context there are three main points of special importance: (i) the geographical reference area, (ii) the hierarchical spatial level (e.g. habitat complex, habitat and microhabitat) and (iii) precise constancy criteria for the definition of character species and differential species. We develop this new approach using a study on orthopteran communites of central German semi-dry calcareous grasslands. Within this habitat, we describe seven structural types that are characterized by specific orthopteran communities. For the arrangement of the structural types several environmental parameters (e.g. height and density of vegetation) were collected. Orthopteran densities were sampled at 80 sites using a biocoenometer (box quadrat). Regional character species of semi-dry grasslands include Myrmeleotettix maculatus, Metrioptera brachyptera, Stenobothrus lineatus and Tetrix tenuicornis. Within this habitat, Chorthippus parallelus, Metrioptera roeselii, Omocestus viridulus, Pholidoptera griseoaptera and Tettigonia viridissima were designated as differential species for particular structural types. Furthermore, Tettigonia cantans and Tettigonia viridissima act as altitudinal differential species. Chorthippus biguttulus is the only attendant species with high constancy values in all structural types. This classification is a powerful tool for arthropod conservation, since it allows one to determine community completeness of very important and threatened habitats, like semi-dry calcareous grasslands.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public